Works presented

Summary
The variety of Galician Spanish, traditionally neglected by Hispanic dialectology, has been a subject of interest in recent years. Works such as Porto Dapena (2001) and Guillermo Rojo (2004), among others, pointed out the influence of Galician in Spanish in Galicia, but even today there are few publications based on representative samples of actual linguistic use. The objective of this TFG is to provide an analysis of new data on a construction that seems to reflect the influence of Galician in Spanish in Galicia. The syntactic structure selected is the combination of the verb tener with a participle, which according to the bibliography shows in the language of Galicia a different functioning than that it has in other varieties of Spanish. The study will use data from the oral corpus ESLORA. The use of corpus data allows for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The analysis will take into account the linguistic characteristics of the constructions (syntactic and semantic) as well as their sociolinguistic distribution. Porto Dapena, Alvaro. 2001. El español en contacto con el gallego. II Congreso Internacional de la Lengua Española. Valladolid. Rojo, Guillermo. 2004. El español de Galicia. En Rafael Cano (ed.), Historia de la lengua española, 1087-1101. Barcelona: Ariel.

Direction
VAZQUEZ ROZAS, MARIA VICTORIA (Tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ ESPIÑEIRA, MARIA JOSE (Chairman)
SANTALLA DEL RIO, MARIA PAULA (Secretary)
CREGO GARCIA, VICKY (Member)

Summary
War literature has traditionally been approached from perspectives close to historiography or epic, perpetuating a static and elitist image of war and contributing to the exaltation of the hero figure. This analysis proposes a comparative study of the works by Rosa Aneiros, Sol de Inverno (2009), and Han Kang, Human Acts (2018), in it spanish translation by Sunme Yoon. The central theme of this analysis is the treatment of pain through the framework proposed in 2003 by Susan Sontag in Regarding the Pain of Others. A change in the paradigm of war literature will be observed, where a more intimate and subjective vision opts to give the voice to the victims of violent chapters of history, often silenced or manipulated by institutions and the media. The choice of these works allows not only to notice the changes in the literary landscape and their possible links to female authorship and other recent historical events, but also explores the emotional dimension in war narratives, focusing on how the experience of pain is captured and transmitted to reach a transcultural and cross-border understanding of human suffering. Furthermore, it will reflect on the power of literature not only as a tool for denunciation but also as a space for mourning and collective memory.

Direction
DOMINGUEZ PRIETO, CESAR PABLO (Tutorships)

Court
VILAVEDRA FERNANDEZ, DOLORES (Chairman)
RIVADULLA COSTA, DIEGO (Secretary)
SALGADO RODRIGUEZ, JOSE MANUEL ANTONIO (Member)

Summary
The relationship between language and identity is an issue of great interest, especially in the context of the Galician youth sector, where both are in constant interaction and change. In this Bachelor's Thesis, three students from three different towns (Noia, Outes, and Santa Comba) aim to explore in our own municipalities the connection between language and Galician identity. To do this, over several months, we interviewed, using a qualitative approach, various people aged between 18 and 35, conversing with them, recording their voices, and drawing conclusions that allow us to extract relevant, informative data; getting closer to the real situation of these three municipalities and the meaning this sector attributes to Galician identity.

Direction
FEIJO TORRES, ELIAS JOSE (Tutorships)

Court
BOULLON AGRELO, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
Sousa Fernández, Xulio (Secretary)
Cidrás Escáneo, Francisco Antonio (Member)

Summary
This paper analyzes the footprint of the Way of Saint James in the Linguistic Landscape (PL) in the towns of Padrón and Negreira. Taking into account that, this serves as a space to understand the cultural and social dynamics of territory, this study is fundamental to understanding the relationship between language and cultural identity. Through the analysis of the presence of Galician in public spaces, we can observe how the local language is preserved or modified according to different factors, among others, tourism, the economy or globalization. It also allows evaluating the effectiveness of language policies and identifying processes of sociolinguistic change. Padrón, the last stop on the Portuguese Way, and Negreira, the first stage of the Fisterra-Muxía Way, offer a significant opportunity to study how the Jacobean route modifies the linguistic environment in these localities. The research focuses on the analysis of visible elements, such as signs, information posters or names of establishments. In addition, the dynamics of linguistic coexistence between Galician and other languages related to the internationalization of the Camino de Santiago are explored. The methodology consists in the delimitation of geographical space, defining the specific areas that will be the object of analysis. In these areas, photographs will be taken of the entire space, excluding internal or dynamic elements, such as temporary texts. Later, the classification and analysis will be carried out of these images; to finally draw up a conclusion that allows a clear understanding of the linguistic dynamics present in these public places. The results will make it possible to know the relationship between the Way of Saint James and the Linguistic Landscape (PL), highlighting its cultural, identity and tourism implications.

Direction
REGUEIRA FERNANDEZ, XOSE LUIS (Tutorships)

Court
BOULLON AGRELO, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
Sousa Fernández, Xulio (Secretary)
Cidrás Escáneo, Francisco Antonio (Member)

Summary
In some Romance languages, such as American Spanish, there has been a significant advancement in the process of replacing the morphological future (-rei) with the periphrastic construction ir (a) + infinitive for the expression of futurity (Bermúdez, 2016). In Galician, although existing studies (Meier, 1974; Rojo, 1974; López Martínez, 2012) suggest that both forms maintain their prospective value, they also reveal -with certain differences- an increasing use of the analytical future at the expense of the synthetic form. The purpose of this study is to analyse the values and distribution of the morphological future and the periphrastic construction ir + infinitive in a selection of 21st-century narrative texts. In order to identify the factors that may determine the use of each form when they are in alternant situation, their usage is examined based on a selection of variables recognized as relevant in previous research (Bauhr, 1989; Sedano, 1994, 2006; López Martínez, 2012): temporal distance, grammatical person, sentence type, and modality. The data were obtained from the Corpus de Referencia do Galego Actual (CORGA), which allows the automatic retrieval of the forms selected for the study according to established textual typology and chronological period. The aim is to verify whether the expression of futurity in Galician follows the linguistic change trends initiated in other Romance languages, as well as to examine the impact of the variables on the use of each form.

Direction
Sousa Fernández, Xulio (Tutorships)

Court
BOULLON AGRELO, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
ALVAREZ DE LA GRANJA, MARIA (Secretary)
Cidrás Escáneo, Francisco Antonio (Member)

Summary
In most sociolinguistic studies gender is treated as a variable that influences the results obtained, it is only in recent years that this variable becomes a central issue on which to influence directly. The main purpose of this research is to clarify the question of whether there are different linguistic practices according to gender. For this, taking as a study space the village of Xinzo de Limia, a qualitative type methodology was followed focusing on the linguistic attitudes presented by the sixteen-year-olds of I.E.S. Cidade de Antioquía. The sample selected consists of a total of twelve students, six of whom are boys and six girls; furthermore, the language used in selecting the students interviewed was taken into account; in each of the two groups, divided according to gender, three people speak Galician and three Spanish. Finally, several issues such as convergence situations, identity-language correlation or the possible appearance of prejudices were analysed, concluding that there are various linguistic trends which may vary according to gender.

Direction
MONTEAGUDO ROMERO, XOSE HENRIQUE (Tutorships)

Court
BOULLON AGRELO, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
Sousa Fernández, Xulio (Secretary)
Cidrás Escáneo, Francisco Antonio (Member)

Summary
This paper analyzes the footprint of the Way of Saint James in the Linguistic Landscape (PL) in the towns of Padrón and Negreira. Taking into account that, this serves as a space to understand the cultural and social dynamics of territory, this study is fundamental to understanding the relationship between language and cultural identity. Through the analysis of the presence of Galician in public spaces, we can observe how the local language is preserved or modified according to different factors, among others, tourism, the economy or globalization. It also allows evaluating the effectiveness of language policies and identifying processes of sociolinguistic change. Padrón, the last stop on the Portuguese way, and Negreira, the first stage of the Fisterra way, offer a significant opportunity to study how the Jacobean route modifies the linguistic environment in these localities. The research focuses on the analysis of visible elements, such as signs, information posters or names of establishments. In addition, the dynamics of linguistic coexistence between Galician and other languages related to the internationalization of the Camino de Santiago are explored. The methodology consists in the delimitation of geographical space, defining the specific areas that will be the object of analysis. In these areas, photographs will be taken of the entire space, excluding internal or dynamic elements, such as temporary texts. Later, the classification and analysis will be carried out of these images; to finally draw up a conclusion that allows a clear understanding of the linguistic dynamics present in these public places. The results will make it possible to know the relationship between the Way of Saint James and the Linguistic Landscape (PL), highlighting its cultural, identity and tourism implications.

Direction
REGUEIRA FERNANDEZ, XOSE LUIS (Tutorships)

Court
BOULLON AGRELO, ANA ISABEL (Chairman)
Sousa Fernández, Xulio (Secretary)
Cidrás Escáneo, Francisco Antonio (Member)

Summary
The main purpose of this dissertation is the description of the linguistic features and use of English in advertising. It will be divided into two main parts. In the first part, I will start by defining what is meant by advertising and its role in modern society. I will next deal with its diverse types (online, TV and radio, print, social media, etc.) drawing on their main differences. The next section of this first part will be devoted to the close description of the main linguistic features of this genre where persuasion techniques play a very important role and which include, among others, the use of short sentences, the employment of direct language, wordplays, expressions with double meaning, the search for rhythmic or even musical effects so that the message in question can be more easily remembered by the users. The following section will explore the importance of the context, focusing specifically on the cultural background, as it is evident that advertisements undergo changes based on the country and society for which they are created. I will conclude this first part by considering how the role of the gender factor in advertising has evolved over time. The second part of my research will be more practical and will consist of the application of the main theoretical principles and ideas outlined in the first part to a sample of advertisements extracted from different sources, such as TV and social media. This work will conclude with several reflections derived from the findings of the study. Bibliographical references and webography will follow and, if necessary, appendixes containing some of the advertisements studied will also be attached.

Direction
PALACIOS MARTINEZ, IGNACIO MIGUEL (Tutorships)

Court
SANCHEZ ROURA, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
ALONSO ALONSO, MARIA (Secretary)
MOURON FIGUEROA, CRISTINA (Member)

Summary
The topic of this dissertation is OILE (Online Informal Learning of English) which, according to Stevens (2010: 2), can be defined as unstructured and generally unintentional learning 'resulting from activities of daily living related to work, family or leisure'. (Stevens, 2010, 12). Therefore, the study aims to understand how incidental use of online media can influence, including various digital tools and resources such as watching television series in their original version, listening to English music on demand, and social networks with other English-speaking users the process of self-directed language learning. It also aims to provide insight into the changing landscape of language education, exploring the pedagogical implications. The thesis will consist of two general sections: The first section will present a comprehensive review of the literature on OILE in order to establish the theoretical framework and explore practical applications for English language teaching. The second section will present the results of a survey carried out among two different age groups: those under eighteen years of age and those over sixty years of age. The purpose of the survey is to investigate the preferences, experiences and obstacles of these age groups when it comes to using Internet media for self-directed learning of English as a foreign language. The research aims to provide a comprehensive explanation of how age can influence the use and effectiveness of Internet media in learning English as a foreign language by comparing the attitudes and responses of these two groups.

Direction
DOVAL SUAREZ, SUSANA MARIA (Tutorships)

Court
DOVAL SUAREZ, SUSANA MARIA (Student’s tutor)

Summary
In 2017, The New Yorker defined writer Margaret Atwood as the 'prophet of dystopia', a woman whose catastrophic visions became true. Atwood not only envisioned a near-future full of corrupt values, destroying forces, and broken souls; she also left a textual testimony of it through her dystopian novels. Nevertheless, Atwood's own voice did not take long to be heard: 'I am not a prophet. Science fiction is really about now' (Allardice, 2018). The following BA thesis aims to first examine the conventions of dystopian fiction, which often departs from cynical readings by questioning the foundations of contemporary societies in order to imagine the worst possible (or impossible) versions of them. Thus, even though dystopias oppose utopias, they also mirror them, signalling ways in which our future could be if the present is not changed. Regarding the methodology, Margaret Atwood's work will be the study's focal point: particular attention will be paid to her portrayal of interpersonal relationships as well as to human behaviour towards other living beings and the environment. In addition to this, the corruption of humanity and its effects will be discussed and extrapolated from a literary perspective to reality. To this end, this dissertation will also inspect the postulates of the cli-fi genre and the applications of radical posthuman philosophy, among others. Finally, conclusions will also consider Atwood’s employment of literary resources, such as humour or complex metaphors to address her readership.

Direction
LOJO RODRIGUEZ, LAURA MARIA (Tutorships)

Court
SANCHEZ ROURA, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
ALONSO ALONSO, MARIA (Secretary)
MOURON FIGUEROA, CRISTINA (Member)

Summary
As is well known, over the past few decades, social media has played a significant role in the lives of young people worldwide, and its influence continues to grow with the constant emergence of new platforms and trends that make younger generations be increasingly immersed in them. One of the most prevalent features when it comes to social media discourse is the frequent use of slang, which comprises the expression that is generally not found in formal contexts of use or accepted as part of the standard by educated speakers of the language (cf. De Klerk, 2005). The main objective of this dissertation is to analyze the use of current slang on social media discourse, primarily on TikTok, and its impact on the vocabulary and way of expression of young native English speakers, as well as of those who learn English as a Second/Foreign Language (ESL/EFL). The study will begin with a brief introduction to the world of social media, its advantages and potential risks, and its role in the propagation of new linguistic forms, followed by a detailed explanation of what slang is and its relevance from a sociolinguistic point of view. Additionally, a practical study will be included in which a glossary of emerging linguistic slang terms used by young people on social media will be provided, along with an explanation of how they have arisen, whether they can be ascribed to specific social groups, and the potential semantic changes that the words may have gone through. As a complementary tool, the study will also include and analyze, if possible, the results of an online questionnaire distributed to native speakers of English. In summary, the project will discuss the relevance of recent slang, various aspects (e.g., sociolinguistic) that characterize it as it is used in everyday English conversations, and how the use of some of these slang words may contribute to the creation of identities.

Direction
NUÑEZ PERTEJO, MARIA PALOMA (Tutorships)

Court
NUÑEZ PERTEJO, MARIA PALOMA (Student’s tutor)

Summary
For many decades, American sitcoms have been a widely watched genre with a significant cultural impact globally. They have been particularly well received in Spain, where audiovisual translators played a crucial role in their success. A defining element of this type of genre is humour, which, at the same time, poses a difficult challenge for the translator. Although there are some shared cultural elements that facilitate the translation from English into Spanish, there are other cultural variances that complicate the process of translation. To overcome these obstacles, dubbing and subtitling translators employ different techniques owing to their different backgrounds in translation modalities. The main aim of this thesis is to find out the strategies employed in tackling the challenges of translating humour in sitcoms. The methodology involves a comparative analysis of some episodes of the popular sitcom Modern Family (2009) in the source language (English) and their dubbed and subtitled versions in Spanish. The broad variety of humor ranging from everyday situations to particular cultural topics contributed to the selection of this specific sitcom. It also features characters such as Gloria Delgado Pritchett, a Colombian woman who struggles with speaking English in an American environment; who makes the process of translation even more challenging and interesting. In order to explain the key concepts in the theoretical framework, previous studies of translators such as Peter Newmark, Margherita Dore or Amparo Hurtado will be reviewed. This dissertation will consist of two main parts. The first one will address fundamental concepts, for instance, the specific modality of audiovisual translation; the definition of humour, its typology, the challenges it poses for translators and the tools used to preserve the humorous effect for the target audience. The second one will take a more practical approach in which the analysis of the selected chapters of the show will illustrate the techniques employed in the dubbed and subtitled Spanish versions.

Direction
CAL VARELA, MARIO (Tutorships)

Court
SANCHEZ ROURA, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
ALONSO ALONSO, MARIA (Secretary)
MOURON FIGUEROA, CRISTINA (Member)

Summary
This dissertation focusses on the translation of English ‘rude’ language into Spanish, through a television series. Rude or ‘bad’ language is used by a large part of the language community in their everyday life, but it is usually regarded as offensive and taboo by some sectors of our society (Beers, 2012). Nonetheless, we cannot forget that this kind of vernacular is crucial for the usage of informal speech, mainly, as well as a marker of the relationship between interlocutors. Moreover, within groups of teenage people, in particular, it is a marker of groups identity. Having this in mind, the translation of this language is essential, especially if we focus on films and TV shows that have adolescents as their main target. The translation of swearwords is complex as there are many small details that need to be accounted for, such as difference across languages (Dobao, 2006), individual usage, the different meanings of specific swearwords in different contexts etc. (Pavesi and Formentelli, 2023). A good translation by its own is crucial, but when dealing with dubbing, and even more so, when dealing with swearwords is even more essential as a good adaptation is required, so that the target public can recognize the situation that is being depicted. This dissertation will be divided into two main parts, the first one will consist in a thorough revision of the literature that deals with the topic: specific problems of audiovisual translation; definition, typology and function of swearwords; rude language in English and Spanish; the importance of swearwords in cinema; the difficulties and strategies used by audiovisual translators to deal with rude language, among others. This section will serve as a convenient background for the second, descriptive part of the dissertation. In the second part of the thesis, I will analyse the treatment of rude language in the dubbing of an excerpt of the British television series, Peaky Blinders. In particular, I will focus on the translation of a small number of highly frequent words and expressions in English language films, such as fuck and its many derivatives. Methodologically, we will collect and prepare the scripts in both languages, we will track the different instances of the selected expressions in the English text, find out how they were rendered in Spanish and describe the translation strategy that was used by the translator. An Excell spreadsheet will be used to facilitate the work of collecting and annotating the data.

Direction
FERNANDEZ POLO, FRANCISCO J. (Tutorships)

Court
SANCHEZ ROURA, MARIA TERESA (Chairman)
ALONSO ALONSO, MARIA (Secretary)
MOURON FIGUEROA, CRISTINA (Member)

Summary
The purpose of this work is the metric-prosodic analysis of the amoibaia, both liric and epirrematic, found in the tragedy Trojan Women by Euripides (vv. 153-196, 239-292, 577-606, 1216-1332). The amoibaia are dialogues between a character and the chorus or directly between characters, and are intercalated in the play to highlight the ethos in the scene and amplify the feelings in the dialogue, usually in painful and sorrowful scenes. The amoibaia can be divided in two categories; the liric ones are those in which both parts are singed (they have a colorful variety of metres), and the epirrematic ones which are half singed half recitated (usually the recitated part is written in iambic trimeters). Also, the amoibaia can be inserted in any part of the play; the fragments chosen for this analysis are found in the parodos, the first and second episodes and the exodos. For the metrical analysis are fundamental the manuals by Gentili (Gentili, B. (1999), La Colometria antica dei testi poetici greci, Pisa: Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali), Guzmán Guerra (Guzmán Guerra, A. (1997), Manual de métrica griega, Madrid: Ediciones Clásicas) and West (West, M. L. (1982), Greek Metre, Oxford: Clarendon Press).

Direction
PEREIRO PARDO, AMELIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)

Court
DE CARLOS VILLAMARIN, HELENA ROSA (Chairman)
GARCIA TRABAZO, JOSE VIRGILIO (Secretary)
RUIZ PEREZ, ANGEL (Member)

Summary
Speech acts play an essential role in communication, not only for conveying information, but also for carrying out actions. The aim of this work is to address the teaching/learning of the speech act of requesting in oral competence in FFL, both in production and reception. We will explore how FFL learners can master not only the at of formulating requests, but also of understanding those of their interlocutors. To achieve this, we propose a theoretical and practical approach based on the action approach, drawing on the guidelines of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). First, we present the theory of speech acts from different perspectives in orther to introduce out object of study. Secondly, we provide a description of the act of request in the teaching/learning of FFL, with regard to oral production and reception, based on the communicative and action-oriented approach. Finally, the last part of our work is a practical applicacion in which we propose teaching/learning activities for the act of request at B1 level.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ PEDREIRA, NURIA (Tutorships)

Court
GARCIA MARTINEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
BOURGOIN VERGONDY, EMMANUEL CLAUDE (Secretary)
PÉREZ VARELA, CARLOS (Member)

Summary
The Portuguese language is a widely debated topic in different social segments, especially in the areas of social sciences and sociolinguistics. It is seen as the language of identification of communities that are geographically distant, but that share the same language as official or native. Based on this premise, the purpose of this study was to understand the variants of Portuguese in the process of interaction between students. However, it is in linguistic interaction with other speakers of the same language that one perceives the diversity and changes resulting from the way of speaking, the meaning that words take on, among other elements that highlight the different directions that the language is taking. Thus, in verbal communication, the use of different terms is observed in various groups, resulting in the creation of varied dialects. For this purpose, case research was carried out with Portuguese-speaking students at USC in Galicia, using a qualitative methodological approach, which consisted of interviews with 13 students from Portuguese-speaking countries and three interviews with Galician students, in addition to the organization of a group focus with students from Portuguese-speaking countries. Therefore, the evaluation of the data and the conclusions reveal how students interact and understand Portuguese in its most diverse variants.

Direction
FEIJO TORRES, ELIAS JOSE (Tutorships)

Court
SOUTO CABO, JOSÉ ANTÓNIO (Chairman)
MORAN CABANAS, MARIA ISABEL (Secretary)
FORNEIRO PEREZ, JOSE LUIS (Member)

Summary
The fashion world is an area where new words are used to describe trends, clothing and even style. These neologisms are mainly derived from borrowings from other languages. Thus, many Spanish and French fashion magazines have a large number of borrowings in their articles, especially a significant number of anglicisms to reach an international audience. Although the type of borrowing has changed over the years, following fashion trends, the use of anglicisms to designate the terms of fashion is a daily reality. The objective of this work is to analyze anglicisms in French and Spanish fashion during 2023. To do this, we analyzed different French fashion magazines (Marie Claire France, Harper’s Bazaar France, Vogue France, Numéro France, Elle France) and Spanish (Vogue Spain, Harper’s Bazaar Spain, Glamour Spain, Elle Spain) to try to see what types of anglicisms are used. Thus, from the contrastive analysis of these magazines, will be analyzed the different types of anglicisms, their influence and their assimilation in the host languages. We will then be able to establish the convergences and divergences between the two languages that are being analysed.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ PEDREIRA, NURIA (Tutorships)

Court
GARCIA MARTINEZ, MANUEL (Chairman)
BOURGOIN VERGONDY, EMMANUEL CLAUDE (Secretary)
PÉREZ VARELA, CARLOS (Member)

Summary
This undergraduate thesis (TFG) focuses on the contrastive analysis of the prepositional systems of Galician, Spanish, and Italian, aiming to identify the difficulties that Galician and Spanish-speaking students face when learning Italian as a second language. Prepositions, due to their abstract grammatical nature and variable use across languages, pose a significant challenge for learners. In particular, the study addresses differences in the use of prepositions such as a, de, en, and con in these three languages, highlighting cases where linguistic interference leads to common mistakes. The work follows two main approaches: first, a linguistic analysis of prepositions in these Romance languages; second, a didactic proposal that seeks to offer practical solutions to minimize interference errors. This proposal aims to design specific activities that address prepositional differences at the beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels to improve accuracy in the use of Italian prepositions. The methodology includes both a theoretical framework based on previous studies on second-language acquisition and a comparative analysis of prepositional use, paying particular attention to differences and similarities that can either facilitate or hinder learning. Finally, the pedagogical implications of the contrastive analysis are highlighted, suggesting that a teaching approach based on comparison can effectively help overcome linguistic barriers.

Direction
MONTES LOPEZ, MARIA (Tutorships)

Court
MONTES LOPEZ, MARIA (Student’s tutor)