Works presented

Summary
In recent years, teleworking has experienced significant growth, driven both by new information and communication technologies and by the COVID-19 pandemic. In Spain, its regulation was formalized through Law 10/2021, which establishes the foundations for this form of employment. Teleworking is here to stay, and it is clear that it brings benefits for both companies and workers, such as greater flexibility, improved work-life balance, and a reduction in commuting. However, this work modality can also lead to negative health consequences, such as social isolation, difficulty in separating work and personal spaces, information overload, and the loss of social skills. All of these factors may contribute to an increase in conditions such as stress, anxiety, or burnout. These factors affect not only individual well-being but also organizational functioning, which means that teleworking presents significant challenges for companies in terms of occupational health management, especially with regard to psychosocial risks. This paper therefore analyzes these risks from a comprehensive health perspective, based on technical documents from the INSST and current regulations, and proposes organizational and preventive measures to ensure sustainable teleworking that promotes the physical, psychological, and social well-being of staff.

Direction
Hermo López, María Teresa (Tutorships)

Court
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Chairman)
Cobo Carrasco, María Mercedes (Secretary)
NUÑEZ CORREDOIRA, GONZALO (Member)

Summary
This Final Degree Project examines the evolution and current state of social protection for domestic workers in Spain, a group that has historically been invisible and unprotected. The project highlights the transition from a limited legal framework to regulations that seek to dignify their working conditions and progressively bring them into line with the general social security system.

Direction
Lamas Novo, Luis (Tutorships)

Court
Montes Rodríguez, Mercedes (Chairman)
DEVESA MACIÑEIRAS, MARIA (Secretary)
Baamonde Méndez, Josefina María (Member)

Summary
This paper analyzes, from a theoretical perspective, the influence of transformational leadership, organizational trust, and job engagement in the creation of healthy organizations, using the framework of the HERO model (Healthy and Resilient Organizations). The HERO model, developed by the WoNT research group at Universitat Jaume I, integrates positive organizational resources, healthy employees, and beneficial organizational outcomes, promoting a systemic and preventive approach to workplace well-being management. The reviewed literature highlights that transformational leadership fosters trust and engagement key elements for a positive organizational climate and employees’ mental health. Moreover, empirical evidence shows that trust and engagement mediate the relationship between leadership and performance, reinforcing the utility of the HERO model. The practical experience of the OTP Group exemplifies how the adoption of these principles improves the work climate, performance, and employee satisfaction. It is concluded that the HERO model is a valuable tool for understanding and promoting healthy work environments, although further research is recommended using longitudinal methodologies and intersectoral approaches to strengthen its applicability. Ultimately, fostering positive leadership and trust-based cultures contributes to organizational well-being and sustainability.

Direction
Díaz Alonso, Rosa (Tutorships)

Court
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Chairman)
Cobo Carrasco, María Mercedes (Secretary)
NUÑEZ CORREDOIRA, GONZALO (Member)

Summary
Throughout history, women have had limited access to work due to social and economic norms and a patriarchal structure that perpetuates discriminatory roles. Although there have been advances in recent decades, inequalities such as the wage gap and the lack of women in decision-making positions persist. This study analyzes the gender discrimination that women continue to face in their careers. It also highlights that eliminating discrimination and achieving equality in the workplace requires a collective commitment that includes legislative, social and economic measures, as well as education and awareness-raising.

Direction
Vilanova Da Costa, Diego (Tutorships)

Court
Baamonde Méndez, Josefina María (Chairman)
SILVA LOPEZ, SANTIAGO ZOILO (Secretary)
DEVESA MACIÑEIRAS, MARIA (Member)

Summary
The work delves into gender inequalities in the labor field, with an analysis of the existing barriers and opportunities, addressing topics such as the gender gap, the different types of this gap, such as the wage gap, participation and work intensity gap, access to leadership positions, educational gap, and the use of time and family roles. Additionally, we will specify some current issues such as the so-called glass ceiling and sticky floor, both related to the existing gender gaps. To understand this issue, statistical graphs from the INE are analyzed, as well as various companies that are examples of good practices demonstrating the commitment to reduce these gaps. Finally, measures are proposed such as salary transparency, gender-biased selection and promotion processes, training programs, an inclusive corporate culture, actions that promote work-life balance, empowerment and visibility of women, and the elimination of stereotypes and discrimination, all with the aim of achieving effective and sustainable equality in the workplace. The study addresses the various problems that women face in the labor market, with the intention of raising awareness about this issue and thus sensitizing and achieving a change of mindset in today's society. This work not only exposes the challenges but also emphasizes the importance of addressing this issue from an ethical, economic, and social perspective, offering concrete proposals to move towards a more inclusive future.

Direction
Díaz Alonso, Rosa (Tutorships)

Court
GOMEZ BARREIRO, MARIA (Chairman)
Rivas Costa, Javier (Secretary)
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Member)

Summary
This undergraduate thesis examines the role that soft skills play in leadership within the current organizational environment. In a context marked by globalization, digitalization, and the increasing complexity of work environments, these personal and social competencies have become key elements for effective leadership, surpassing the traditional view focused solely on technical skills. The main objective is to demonstrate that skills such as emotional intelligence, assertive communication, empathy, adaptability, and teamwork are fundamental for managing people, promoting collaborative environments, and strengthening organizational culture. To this end, the thesis is structured into several chapters addressing the evolution of the concept of leadership, contemporary styles based on human values, and the impact of these competencies on team performance. Additionally, two case studies on the companies Unilever and IBM are presented, which have implemented specific programs for the development of soft skills in their leaders. The results show improvements in motivation, talent retention, innovation, and employee satisfaction, confirming the strategic value of these competencies in real corporate contexts. Overall, this work concludes that 21st-century leadership must go beyond formal authority and embrace an emotionally intelligent, ethical, and people-centered approach. Soft skills not only complement technical capabilities but also serve as an indispensable pillar for sustainability, innovation, and organizational adaptability in increasingly demanding and dynamic environments.

Direction
GOMEZ BARREIRO, MARIA (Tutorships)

Court
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Chairman)
Rivas Costa, Javier (Secretary)
Díaz Alonso, Rosa (Member)

Summary
This Final Degree Project examines the role of trade unions within the framework of col-lective bargaining in Spain, addressing their historical evolution, theoretical foundations, legal regulation, organizational structure, and impact on labor relations. From their emer-gence in the 19th century to their consolidation within the social and democratic rule of law, trade unions have played a key role in defending workers' rights and shaping a fairer and more balanced labor model. Collective bargaining is presented as a fundamental tool for channeling labor demands through structured dialogue between workers, em-ployers, and the State. The study also explores the current challenges facing trade un-ions, particularly regarding the precariousness of employment and the digitalization pro-cess. Lastly, it reflects on the need for unions to adapt to the structural changes of the contemporary labor landscape, emphasizing digital transformation as a strategic path to reinforce their legitimacy and effectiveness in the 21st century.

Direction
Lamas Novo, Luis (Tutorships)

Court
Montes Rodríguez, Mercedes (Chairman)
DEVESA MACIÑEIRAS, MARIA (Secretary)
Baamonde Méndez, Josefina María (Member)

Summary
Given the brief definition that the regulations give to an accident in transit, it is necessary to have a judicial interpretation, both by the Supreme Court and the High Courts of Justice, for its consideration, analyzing issues such as the means of transport used for this purpose, the address to which it is directed, the route and time spent commuting from work to home and vice versa, excluding imprudence and acts of third parties for the purpose of such determination.

Direction
GARCIA ROJO, ANTONIO (Tutorships)

Court
Vilanova Da Costa, Diego (Chairman)
SILVA LOPEZ, SANTIAGO ZOILO (Secretary)
DEVESA MACIÑEIRAS, MARIA (Member)

Summary
Talent management has become a fundamental element for the success and sustainability of organizations. An organization's success depends on its ability to attract, develop, motivate, and retain people with potential. To manage talent, in addition to performing administrative tasks, it is also important to design policies that recognize employees as key resources for the organization's growth. This final degree project analyzes human talent management, which is one of the most important strategies in the business environment. It also provides a structured analysis to understand and explain how current organizations manage talent that is, identify, develop, motivate, and retain people with the greatest potential. Talent is the most important asset of any organization, and its proper management is crucial for organizations to grow, succeed, be productive, and competitive in a globalized and competitive world. The practical analysis of different strategies implemented by companies such as MAPFRE, Indra, and Repsol allows us to observe how theory translates into concrete decisions within the business environment. From this analysis, current talent management models can be compared with their real-life applications.

Direction
Díaz Alonso, Rosa (Tutorships)

Court
GOMEZ BARREIRO, MARIA (Chairman)
Rivas Costa, Javier (Secretary)
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Member)

Summary
This paper analyzes the digitalization process in the field of Human Resources, describing its benefits, challenges, and key tools such as process automation, artificial intelligence, and document management systems. It also presents practical cases of Spanish companies that have successfully implemented these processes. Digitalization in HR enables more efficient talent management, improves productivity, and contributes to organizational development

Direction
Díaz Alonso, Rosa (Tutorships)

Court
GOMEZ BARREIRO, MARIA (Chairman)
Rivas Costa, Javier (Secretary)
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Member)

Summary
This undergraduate thesis aims to design and implement a human resources department within the agro-livestock cooperative AIRA-SCG, located in Galicia, Spain. The organization has over 330 employees spread across 16 branches, as well as several production facilities, including a feed factory, an dairy plant, and a wet-mix plant. The project is grounded in a detailed analysis of the current situation to propose an efficient organizational structure that meets both staff and organizational needs.

Direction
Díaz Alonso, Rosa (Tutorships)

Court
GOMEZ BARREIRO, MARIA (Chairman)
Rivas Costa, Javier (Secretary)
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Member)

Summary
This paper aims to analyse the widowhood Benefit within the Spanish Social Security system, highlighting is regulations, eligibility requirements, amount, and legislative development. Regarding its evolution, the most significant laws will be mentioned, from the 1900 Accident Law to the current law, Royal Decree 8/2015. In addition, a new from of partnership exists, common-law couples, where the surviving partner may be entitled to the widow´s pension, provided certain requirements are met. The widowhood benefit will also be examined in different countries of the European Union, thus analysing the diverse types of pensions found within the European community. Italy, France, and Germany will be highlighted as countries, such as Denmark, Sweden, and the Netherlands, will be analysed as alternative models with more notable differences from the Spanish system. On the other hand, minor issues affecting this benefit will also be addressed, such as financial sustainability, the adaptation to new family structures, and gender inequality. Today, the widowhood benefit has evolved due to societal changes and legal developments, adjusting to Spain´s current situation.

Direction
GARCIA ROJO, ANTONIO (Tutorships)

Court
Vilanova Da Costa, Diego (Chairman)
SILVA LOPEZ, SANTIAGO ZOILO (Secretary)
DEVESA MACIÑEIRAS, MARIA (Member)

Summary
Work absenteeism is a severe problem that has a negative impact on companies by deteriorating the work environment, decreasing productivity, generating significant economic losses, and damaging their image and reputation. Companies are not the only ones affected, as absenteeism also has negative effects on the emotional health of workers and can be the cause of demotivation and frustration. Furthermore, the work overload that colleagues must take on creates a poor business environment and increases the risk of harassment at work. In this final degree project, the diverse types of absenteeism and their causes are analysed, often related to physical or emotional health issues, lack of motivation, or problems balancing work and personal life. Absenteeism causes consequences such as the paralysis or slowdown of the work pace, missed deadlines, higher staff turnover, and a loss of corporate reputation that negatively affects the employer branding strategy and the company’s results. This study focuses on analysing different measures to reduce absenteeism, such as the implementation of health and wellness programs, the facilitation of work-life balance, support or continuous training for workers, among others. The implementation of measures to reduce absenteeism can have a positive impact on the work environment, on the health and well-being of workers, and on business productivity.

Direction
GOMEZ BARREIRO, MARIA (Tutorships)

Court
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Chairman)
Rivas Costa, Javier (Secretary)
Díaz Alonso, Rosa (Member)

Summary
This paper aims to address the influence of digital transformation on Human Resources management. We are in a context of developing digitalization, which is forcing organizations to change all levels and aspects in favor of new methods and technologies. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to analyze how digitalization influences the structure and processes of Human Resources, as well as the main factors that influence the success of digitalization and the methodologies and tools that facilitate the process. To achieve this, this paper conducts a theoretical review that introduces the context through digital change and organizational transformation. It then presents the critical success factors for the digitalization of human resources and analyzes different methodologies and technological tools that foster it. Finally, case studies are presented that exemplify the approach in the work practice of different organizations, which improves the applied perception of the theoretical concepts.

Direction
Díaz Alonso, Rosa (Tutorships)

Court
GOMEZ BARREIRO, MARIA (Chairman)
Rivas Costa, Javier (Secretary)
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Member)

Summary
The housing sector has undergone major transformations over the past two decades. The period of credit expansion that led to a social and economic crisis triggered changes in the structure of the market that still persist today. That is why it is essential to understand what caused the formation of that bubble and whether it could happen again. The recent Covid-19 pandemic, although it had a lesser impact on the housing market thanks to the fact that a large portion of the GDP is not concentrated in this sector, also brought significant changes. This analysis allows us to draw a general overview of the housing situation in Spain through the study of various factors and economic indicators such as price increases, social housing, the imbalance between supply and demand, or the impact of public policies. On the other hand, sector trends are examined that show us what the housing stock will look like in the near future, such as digitalization, sustainable construction, and market regulation. It provides a global vision of the current state of the residential market in Spain, focusing on the consequences of decisions made over time that have shaped the current housing stock, the role of real estate speculation, and the new changes that will define the future.

Direction
Rivas Costa, Javier (Tutorships)

Court
GOMEZ BARREIRO, MARIA (Chairman)
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Secretary)
Díaz Alonso, Rosa (Member)

Summary
The present Bachelor's Thesis aims to analyze whether the actions carried out by the defendants in the “Las Seis de la Suiza” case are of a union-related nature and, therefore, whether the ruling that sentences them to prison constitutes a violation of this fundamental right. For this project, a qualitative doctrinal analysis has been conducted by thoroughly reviewing laws, articles, and court rulings that can provide a broader perspective on what union freedom embraces. The gathered data aims to help us understand the reasoning behind the ruling we are analyzing: Supreme Court Judgment 3424/2024, dated June 19. This study has shown that the court’s decision is justified and does not entail a violation of the fundamental right to unionize as enshrined in the Spanish Constitution, one of the cornerstones of our labor law. The main reason for excluding the actions from beyond the limits of union rights is that among the demands made by the convicted individuals to the employer was one that was entirely unrelated to the employment relationship: the request for the employer to withdraw a complaint filed against the worker’s romantic partner.

Direction
Vilanova Da Costa, Diego (Tutorships)

Court
Baamonde Méndez, Josefina María (Chairman)
SILVA LOPEZ, SANTIAGO ZOILO (Secretary)
DEVESA MACIÑEIRAS, MARIA (Member)

Summary
The figure of the self-employed worker recently seems to be coated with a certain aura of social recognition, especially from the government itself, which seems interested in promoting this position through aid and subsidies. The use of the figure of the Economically Dependent Worker, often carried out in fraud of the law, represents a worrying and dangerous shift from the employment relationship to a commercial relationship, with the resulting loss of labor rights. We must remember that the use of this form of employment should be reserved for those who wish to develop a life and professional project in the pursuit of legitimate profit, and not as an option for self-employment, a form in which job insecurity is quick to flourish. Spain still hasn't resolved the problem of supporting its economic structure on the tertiary sectors (tourism, finance, and real estate), which are highly exposed to cyclical economic ups and downs with dire consequences. Unfortunately, a long-term strategy to promote a solid industrial sector is lacking. This would allow for the creation of a truly stable and growing economic ecosystem where individual initiative can flourish under the cover of this industry and no longer be associated with depopulation and precariousness.

Direction
GARCIA ROJO, ANTONIO (Tutorships)

Court
Montes Rodríguez, Mercedes (Chairman)
DEVESA MACIÑEIRAS, MARIA (Secretary)
Baamonde Méndez, Josefina María (Member)

Summary
Workplace bullying is a current phenomenon that is not easy to recognise, as it can be subtle and difficult to detect. However, it is essential to prevent and treat it, due to the psychological, physical, occupational and social consequences suffered by the victims. The aim of this Final Degree Project is to analyse workplace bullying from a legal perspective, within the Spanish legal framework, and a literary perspective, through the work La mano del arquero (The archer's hand) by María Oruña. The aim is to make visible the importance of being able to identify and then prevent this form of violence.

Direction
Cobo Carrasco, María Mercedes (Tutorships)

Court
Montes Rodríguez, Mercedes (Chairman)
DEVESA MACIÑEIRAS, MARIA (Secretary)
Baamonde Méndez, Josefina María (Member)

Summary
This paper analyzes Concepción Arenal’s views on the 19th-century Spanish prison system, highlighting her humanist approach and her commitment to reintegration through work and education. Despite initial obstacles, her proposals laid the foundation for later reforms and influenced the development of restorative justice in Spain.

Direction
Cobo Carrasco, María Mercedes (Tutorships)

Court
GOMEZ BARREIRO, MARIA (Chairman)
Rivas Costa, Javier (Secretary)
Díaz Alonso, Rosa (Member)

Summary
Throughout this thesis, a broad analysis is carried out on the impact of artificial intelligence on the future of employment. The overall objective of the study aims to analyze the impact of Artificial Intelligence on employment from a labor relations perspective, specifying sectors at risk and the job opportunities that may arise. Likewise, the contribution of this study is to provide an overview of the current employment situation, locating it within Galicia and Spain. This work aims to analyze the impact of Artificial Intelligence on employment from a labor relations perspective, identifying sectors and professional profiles at risk of automation, exploring emerging job opportunities linked to Artificial Intelligence, analyzing current regulations on AI and labor rights, and finally evaluating adaptation measures for workers and companies. The research is based on an applied methodology carried out through qualitative and descriptive research, where we use documentary analysis of technical reports, regulations, and academic references using a geographical focus focused on Galicia and Spain. In this way, we can say that AI can replace routine tasks in various sectors, affecting at-risk groups, but it can also create new jobs. To achieve this, ongoing training, professional retraining, and public policies are important to overcome any barriers that may arise.

Direction
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Tutorships)

Court
GOMEZ BARREIRO, MARIA (Chairman)
Rivas Costa, Javier (Secretary)
Díaz Alonso, Rosa (Member)

Summary
This Final Degree Project will carry out an analysis of mobbing, which is understood as a systematic and prolonged form of psychological violence in the professional environment, which generates serious consequences for the health of the victims and the functioning of organisations and the applicable legal framework, reviewing the current regulations and relevant case law. This analysis is carried out through the main contributions of Leyman (1990) and Hirigoyen (199), who study its characteristics, typologies, phases of development and the possible profiles that can be found in the relationships between aggressor and victim. Likewise, an examination will be made of the organisational factors that may favour the appearance of this type of behaviour, its psychosocial effects (labour and economic), as well as presenting the different assessment tools and prevention and intervention strategies available to companies with the sole objective of preventing this type of harassment in advance.

Direction
Hermo López, María Teresa (Tutorships)

Court
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Chairman)
Cobo Carrasco, María Mercedes (Secretary)
NUÑEZ CORREDOIRA, GONZALO (Member)

Summary
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a detailed analysis of the various tax incentives and Social Security contribution rebates that the Spanish legal system makes available to employers when hiring workers. In particular, it examines how these incentives contribute to improving employment and the labor market inclusion of particularly vulnerable groups, such as young people, long-term unemployed people with disabilities, people over 45, and women victims of gender-based violence. To this end, it addresses both the theoretical aspects of tax rebates in the Spanish labor market and their practical impact on business decisions within the labor market, analyzing their real impact on business behavior and on the stability and quality of the jobs generated. The hiring incentive system is part of the set of active employment policies and constitutes one of the main mechanisms for state intervention to address labor market imbalances. These measures aim not only to encourage job creation in quantitative terms, but also to promote a more equitable and inclusive labor market, targeting recruitment toward profiles that have traditionally been excluded or underrepresented.

Direction
DEVESA MACIÑEIRAS, MARIA (Tutorships)

Court
Vilanova Da Costa, Diego (Chairman)
SILVA LOPEZ, SANTIAGO ZOILO (Secretary)
Baamonde Méndez, Josefina María (Member)

Summary
In recent decades, demographic changes have gained increasing relevance in economic and social analysis, particularly in the context of the labor market. This study focuses on Spain, where population aging driven by rising life expectancy and declining birth rates,has led to profound transformations in the structure of the workforce. These dynamics pose significant challenges to labor market sustainability and productivity, making this a critical issue for contemporary economic and social policy. The study examines the evolution of demographic shifts since the mid-20th century, highlighting key milestones such as early retirement policies and corporate privatizations in the 1980s and 1990s, which reshaped the labor market. It also analyzes the impact of Spain’s entry into the European Union and how these changes have influenced the composition and dynamics of the workforce. The main objectives of this research are: 1) to assess how population aging has affected the structure and dynamics of Spain’s labor market; 2) to evaluate the impact of labor policies implemented in recent decades, such as early retirement schemes and privatizations, on workforce composition; and 3) to propose strategies for adapting the labor market to an increasingly aging workforce, promoting productivity and the inclusion of older workers. Through a literature review and in-depth analysis of the phenomenon, this study aims to contribute to the academic and policy debate on adapting labor markets to an aging workforce. The findings underscore the need for policies that encourage the retention and training of older workers, as well as the creation of inclusive work environments that leverage their experience and knowledge.

Direction
SALAZAR TORRES, JACKILINE BRIGIDA (Tutorships)

Court
Hermo López, María Teresa (Chairman)
Cobo Carrasco, María Mercedes (Secretary)
NUÑEZ CORREDOIRA, GONZALO (Member)