Works presented

Summary
Abstract: Surrogacy, commonly referred to as womb for rent, is an assisted reproductive technique that raises significant ethical concerns, particularly when surrogate mothers come from vulnerable socio-economic backgrounds. This final degree project explores how factors such as poverty, low education levels, and gender inequality influence women's decisions to become surrogate mothers. Objective: This work aims to analyze the relationship between women's socioeconomic status and their participation in surrogacy, taking into account factors such as poverty, lack of education, and gender inequality Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were used. Results: Out of 213 initially identified articles, 15 were selected for final analysis. The review showed that in countries like India, many surrogate mothers live in poverty, have limited educational backgrounds, and may face family or social pressure to participate. In contrast, in countries like the United States, Canada, or the United Kingdom, surrogates tend to have higher education levels, stable employment, and participate primarily for altruistic reasons. Conclusions: Participation in surrogacy is strongly influenced by socio-economic context. In economically disadvantaged settings, it often becomes a survival strategy rather than a fully autonomous choice. Conversely, in more equitable societies, surrogacy is frequently motivated by altruism and informed consent.

Direction
MASIDE RODRIGUEZ, JULIO MANUEL (Tutorships)

Court
MEAÑOS MELON, ENRIQUE RAMON (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA VARELA, LARA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with significant acute and chronic complications that seriously affect health. Its management requires continuous decision-making and therapeutic adherence, which is often lacking. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) emerges as a promising tool to improve daily control and the early diagnosis of complications. Objectives: To understand the clinical usefulness of AI in the field of diabetes, its application in daily management, and its role in the prevention of DFU and detection of DR. Methodology: A literature search was conducted in PubMed using three different strategies. The inclusion criteria were: full-text publications in Spanish or English, published from 2021 to the present, studies based on type 1 and 2 diabetes and their complications, including all age groups and sexes. Results: The search yielded 18 articles relevant to the study objectives. Algorithms have been developed that predict adverse events with enough time for preventive action. Other algorithms calculate insulin doses based on various data. There are platforms capable of providing nutritional information from a photo of a meal. To prevent DFU, existing algorithms aim to monitor risk factors such as plantar temperature, tissue stress… Assist in diagnosing ischemia and infection, and predict the risk of amputation, recurrence, or death. Lastly, in the case of DR, algorithms are designed to aid in diagnosis. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence allows for personalized diabetes management by optimizing glycemic control, insulin dosing, and nutrition. It facilitates the management of complications such as DR and DFU, reduces the burden on patients and healthcare professionals, and improves adherence to treatment and screening programs.

Direction
PAZOS COUSELO, MARCOS (Tutorships)
LADO BALEATO, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)

Court
MEAÑOS MELON, ENRIQUE RAMON (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA VARELA, LARA (Member)

Summary
INTRODUCTION: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are drastically increasing among the elderly. It is suggested that the lack of information and perceived safety in the elderly population, along with the limited training and negative perceptions towards aging by nursing professionals, could contribute to this rise. That is why this study has been conducted. OBJECTIVES: To establish the knowledge and perceptions of elderly people, students, and nursing professionals about STD s in old age. METHODS: The research was made in databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scielo, database of systematic reviews, Cochrane Clinical Trials Library, NIH clinical trials, specific journals. PRISMA and PICO criteria was used PICO criteria. RESULTS: A total of 247 articles were identified. After the removal of duplicates (53), by title and summary (73), and incomplete articles not retrieved (8), 113 articles were analysed. After applying the quality criteria, 26 were finally included. The setting was in the majority of studies in primary care and nursing homes. In the elderly population, there is a lack of knowledge about STIs and a prevailing perception of safety regarding these diseases. From the nursing perspective, there is ignorance about the impact of STIs, as it is considered to only affect young and adult populations. Shame, reluctance, and discomfort in discussing the topic are common among nurses and the elderly. Interventions improve the level of knowledge and perception in the elderly population. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of knowledge and perception of security regarding STIs among the elderly population. Among nurses and nursing students, STIs in older age groups are not considered a real problem. Negative and pejorative perceptions exist regarding the elderly population. Interventions are scarce, although their effectiveness has been confirmed.

Direction
NUÑEZ IGLESIAS, MARIA JESUS (Tutorships)

Court
MEAÑOS MELON, ENRIQUE RAMON (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA VARELA, LARA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Episiotomy, once routinely used in vaginal births, has been subject to review due to its potential adverse effects. Its selective use, based on scientific evidence, is currently being promoted to ensure maternal safety and respect women's rights during childbirth. Objectives: To analyze the evolution of selective episiotomy use in vaginal births and its consequences on maternal health in the postpartum period. Methods: A systematic review of recent scientific literature was conducted in international databases following PRISMA methodology. A total of 19 studies published between 2020 and 2025 were included, addressing the practice of episiotomy, its clinical indications, its evolution in different contexts, and its clinical effects on postpartum women. Results: The studies reveal wide variability in episiotomy rates worldwide, with routine use still prevalent in many contexts, especially where protocols are outdated or professional training is limited. Several articles highlight associations between episiotomy and complications such as infections, excessive bleeding, and postpartum sexual dysfunction. Factors linked to frequent use were also identified, including limited women's participation in decision-making and highly interventionist medical models. Conclusions: Episiotomy must be reserved for cases with clear clinical justification and informed consent. It is essential to strengthen healthcare providers’ training, update clinical guidelines, and promote woman-centered models of care. Future research should explore long-term maternal outcomes and incorporate women's perspectives to foster respectful, evidence-based obstetric care.

Direction
MASIDE RODRIGUEZ, JULIO MANUEL (Tutorships)

Court
MEAÑOS MELON, ENRIQUE RAMON (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA VARELA, LARA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Pressure ulcers (PUs) represent a highly prevalent public health problem, with a notable impact on patients’ quality of life and a considerable healthcare and economic burden. Despite the extensive knowledge about their risk factors and clinical management, the influence of sex and gender has historically been neglected in both research and clinical protocols. Objective: To explore the possible existence of gender bias in the management of PUs, identify relevant physiological and anatomical differences between men and women, analyze sex-differentiated prevalence, and propose recommendations that promote equitable and inclusive care. Material and method: To this end, a systematize review of the scientific literature was carried out, selecting original articles, systematic reviews, and clinical guidelines from the last fifteen years through databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Priority was given to studies that explicitly addressed sexual and gender differences related to PUs, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria that ensured relevance, timeliness, and methodological quality. Results: The results show significant physiological differences, such as skin thickness, vascularization, lipid composition, or skin elasticity, which affect the onset, evolution, and therapeutic response of PUs. In addition, care inequalities linked to implicit biases in clinical practice and sociocultural factors that affect access, adherence, and quality of care are identified. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need to integrate a gender perspective into healthcare, through strategies adapted and sensitive to biological and social differences. Likewise, future lines of research are proposed to delve deeper into these aspects and contribute to the design of more inclusive, effective, and equitable clinical guidelines.

Direction
MASIDE RODRIGUEZ, JULIO MANUEL (Tutorships)

Court
MEAÑOS MELON, ENRIQUE RAMON (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA VARELA, LARA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: The survival rate from cardiopulmonary arrest decreases when basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is not initiated by bystanders. For this reason, it is crucial that every citizen knows how to proceed from a young age. However, training is often dismissed in groups with different types of functional diversity, such as people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Objective: The main goal was to verify the effectiveness of using pictograms through a story (litherapy) for CPR training in children with ASD without intellectual impairment or language deficiency. Methodology: A pilot study with a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design was carried out in a single group. The participants were aged between 8 and 12 years old and were part of the Galician Asperger's Association. A theoretical-practical training was carried out (50'). Then the recognition and procedure in a simulated case of cardiorespiratory arrest were evaluated. Results: In the pre-test, only a small percentage of participants performed the steps of the chain of survival adequately, while in the post-test the majority of them showed improvements in execution. The enhancements in performing chest compressions, opening the airway and correctly alerting emergency services stood out. However, deficiencies in ventilation technique and CPR quality continued to be demonstrated. Despite the overall improvement, statistically significant results were not obtained. Conclusions: It has been shown that theoretical training with litherapy supported by additional practice could make a useful resource in CPR training for children with ASD. Thus, with an appropriate methodology, results similar to those of any other group without limitations are achieved. These outcomes, which are comparable to those obtained from individuals without functional diversity, encourage further training and research on this topic.

Direction
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Tutorships)

Court
FARALDO ROCA, PEDRO (Chairman)
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Secretary)
MUÑOZ PATIÑO, ANA MARIA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO) is one of the leading causes of accidental death in children and the elderly. Training schoolchildren as first responders is an effective strategy to increase survival among victims, making it essential to investigate which educational methods are most effective. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of two educational strategies (global and sequential) for training 11 and 12 year old students in the recognition and response to a simulated FBAO situation. Methodology: A longitudinal quasi-experimental study was conducted with 188 schoolchildren (52.6% girls) aged 11 to 12, randomly assigned to two groups: global training and sequential training. Both groups received the same theoretical and practical content on BLS and FBAO. However, the global group received the full content repeatedly over 3 years. In the sequential group, the content was introduced progressively across each of the three years. The evaluation was carried out at the end of the third year through a simulated FBAO scenario, assessing the step by step execution of the recommended deobstruction maneuvers. Results: The sequential group achieved better results in key steps such as the 5 back blows (94.6% vs. 79.5%; p = 0.003), abdominal thrusts (79.4% vs. 36.7%; p = 0.036), and the initiation of CPR after unconsciousness (90.2% vs. 76.9%; p = 0.016). It also showed better retention of the blow thrust sequence (79.4% vs. 40.7%; p = 0.001). The most frequent errors were not encouraging the victim to cough in cases of partial obstruction and failing to continue the maneuvers when the obstruction persisted. Conclusion: Sequential training significantly improves the acquisition of skills and the correct execution of FBAO maneuvers among schoolchildren, supporting its inclusion in the school curriculum as an effective strategy to teach first aid to children.

Direction
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Tutorships)

Court
MEAÑOS MELON, ENRIQUE RAMON (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA VARELA, LARA (Member)

Summary
Head and neck cancers are the sixth highest incidence cancer in the world but oropharynx cancer is the twenty-fourth, which approximately means 4.822 new cases per year in Spain. This cancer has its prototype patient as an old male who consumes tobacco and alcohol but nowadays women and young people cases are increasing due to factor like HPV, while male cases decrease. HPV test let us associate it with oropharynx cancer but HPV relationship with other cancers like oral cancer and larynx cancer are not as clear. This also means the differences between how it affects men and women depending on localization of the tumour and HPV positive results, existing substantial differences in prognostic and survival between patients. Finally, the knowledge of the population about HPV has been analysed because the main source of information is the education system and social media, those are crucial to design strategies that prevent the increase of HPV cases thanks to sexual education and vaccines.

Direction
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)

Court
MEAÑOS MELON, ENRIQUE RAMON (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA VARELA, LARA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Uncontrolled, massive bleeding, especially in non-compressible areas, is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma patients. Therefore, it must be promptly and effectively addressed at the scene of the accident. REBOA, as an endovascular aortic occlusion technique, offers a potential solution for the prehospital control of non-compressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH). Objectives: To assess the use of REBOA in the prehospital management of NCTH in trauma patients, to outline the challenges of its implementation, and to analyze the role of nursing professionals. Methodology: A literature review was conducted from 2019 to the present day in the databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science and the search engine Google Scholar, following the PRISMA methodology. A total of 12 articles were finally included. Results: The reviewed studies revealed that prehospital REBOA can improve hemodynamic stability and reduce mortality in patients with NCTH. However, they indicated that its feasibility depends directly on the availability of appropriate equipment, trained professionals and a coordinated care system. It also carries risks to patient safety, such as vascular injury, ischemia and reperfusion syndrome. Conclusions: REBOA shows potential as a temporary bleeding control technique in patients with NCTH, contributing to improved hemodynamic stability and survival until arriving at the hospital. It is an invasive procedure that requires specific training, resources and coordinated care. Significant challenges remain for its prehospital implementation, including patient selection, vascular access and occlusion time. Recognizing the role of nursing staff in REBOA management is essential, given their crucial involvement in preparation, placement and monitoring.

Direction
Iglesias Vázquez, Jose Antonio (Tutorships)

Court
MASIDE RODRIGUEZ, JULIO MANUEL (Chairman)
DIAZ GEADA, AINARA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUIZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
Introduction Gastrostomies in pediatric patients who require prolonged enteral nutrition can lead to various complications, among which granulomas are particularly common. These are excessive growths of granulation tissue. The most commonly used treatment for these cases is silver nitrate, which can have adverse effects such as burns. Common salt has been used as treatment method for others types of granulomas. Objectives The main objective of this project is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical application of common salt compared to silver nitrate for the treatment of granulomas in gastrostomy stomas in pediatric patients. Methods This project is a controlled, prospective, and randomized clinical trial conducted in the pediatric surgery outpatient clinics at the University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela. The study will include a control group (silver nitrate) and an experimental group (common salt), with patients between 6 months and 17 years of age diagnosed with a granuloma at the gastrostomy tube stoma. To assess the effectiveness of both treatments, photographs will be taken before and after the application, and families will complete a checklist-style questionnaire to evaluate treatment safety, as well as a Likert-scale survey to assess parents’ subjective perception of comfort and satisfaction.

Direction
Agra Tuñas, María del Carmen (Tutorships)
Rujido Freire, Susana (Co-tutorships)

Court
MASIDE RODRIGUEZ, JULIO MANUEL (Chairman)
DIAZ GEADA, AINARA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUIZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Asthma is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide and can significantly compromise their quality of life. The correct management of this disease is essential to prevent exacerbations and reduce hospitalizations. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of mobile applications in the management of asthma in a young population. Methodology: PRISMA-type literature review. A literature search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), Elsevier (Scopus), EBSCO (CINAHL), Dialnet, ProQues and Web of Science (WoS) between January and March 2025. The search terms used were: “Mobile Health”, “Asthma”, mobile apps, health apps, management, treatment adherence, urgency, hospital or control. Results: Seventeen articles were included: 3 systematic reviews, 5 narratives, 2 experimental studies, 2 quasi-experimental studies and 5 observational studies. According to the literature consulted, it can be concluded that mobile applications have a positive effect on the lives of patients with asthma. They improve adherence to treatment, knowledge of the disease, disease control, as well as the reduction of exacerbations and visits to the emergency department. However, it is important to highlight the need for new, more attractive designs in order to favor their long-term use. Conclusions: Mobile applications contribute to the control of asthma in young people by facilitating constant and personalized monitoring, anticipating exacerbations through alerts based on clinical and environmental data. Their efficacy is enhanced when they incorporate personalization, good usability and clinical support, key factors for sustained and effective use.

Direction
NOVIO MALLON, SILVIA (Tutorships)

Court
MASIDE RODRIGUEZ, JULIO MANUEL (Chairman)
DIAZ GEADA, AINARA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUIZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrests are a public health problem due to their high incidence and mortality. According to the European EuReCa TWO study, bystanders initiate CPR in only 58% of cases, even though early intervention being key to a good prognosis. Children can be the only witnesses of a cardiac arrest and, although they have physical limitations to perform CPR, they can recognize the emergency and activate the chain of survival. Therefore, it is essential to start BLS training from an early age, using methodologies adapted to their developmental stage. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of hands-on resources such as the endless book and the low-cost telephone, compared to traditional teaching in children aged 5 to 7, assessing short-and medium-term skill retention. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with schoolchildren aged 5 to 7 from five publicly funded private schools in Galicia, divided into an intervention group (N=187), trained with didactic resources, and a control group (n=111), trained with traditional methods. The training was delivered by previously trained Physical Education teachers. Skill acquisition and retention were analysed through standardized simulations at 15 days and one year after the intervention. Results: After training (E0), the intervention group showed significant differences in 5 of the 10 variables assessed. One year later (E1), differences favouring the intervention group persisted in 50% of the variables. Most variables exceeded 85%, except “activates speakerphone” and “knows their address”. Between evaluations, three variables declined significantly and six improved. Conclusions: Hands-on resources can be effective for teaching and retaining skills related to the chain of survival, highlighting the importance of early BLS education and continuous training.

Direction
MARTINEZ ISASI, SANTIAGO (Tutorships)
Castro Alonso, Luis (Co-tutorships)

Court
MASIDE RODRIGUEZ, JULIO MANUEL (Chairman)
DIAZ GEADA, AINARA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUIZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Children with chronic and complex conditions require specific pediatric healthcare resources. They are patients with complex pathologies who may experience unexpected events that have a significant impact on the family and the care team. In this context, palliative care is the main setting for the prevention and care of these unexpected events and family support. Objectives: 1. To identify the emotions felt by family members when faced with the unexpected loss of a child with chronic and complex condition, 2. To detect the main causes of complications and deaths in patients with chronic and complex conditions, 3. To determine the frequency of unexpected death in palliative care units, and 4. To explore the experience of family members after the death of a child in an intensive care unit. Methods: Bibliographic review of the scientific literature published in the PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science databases, and the following scientific societies: Spanish Society of Palliative Care (SECPAL), Spanish Society of Outpatient Pediatrics and Primary Care (SEPEAP), and Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM). To systematize the process, the PRISMA 2020 methodology and a data driven synthesis design were used. Results: Unexpected deaths in these patients have a low but significant prevalence. In addition, signs of imminent death occurred in greater proportion in those whose death was expected. Advance care planning for an unexpected event is rarely discussed in initial consultations, causing greater surprise in the case of unexpected death and therefore a higher risk of complicated grief. Conclusions: The impact on the family of the unexpected death of a child with chronic and complex condition treated in a Palliative Care Unit is relevant and significantly affects the grieving process, so it is a topic that should be considered in advance both at the care and research level.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, ANTONIO (Tutorships)

Court
MASIDE RODRIGUEZ, JULIO MANUEL (Chairman)
DIAZ GEADA, AINARA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUIZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
INTRODUCTION

Direction
MARTINEZ ISASI, SANTIAGO (Tutorships)

Court
MASIDE RODRIGUEZ, JULIO MANUEL (Chairman)
DIAZ GEADA, AINARA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUIZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assaults (DFSA) represent a very complex form of violence, as the use of psychoactive substances can partially or completely nullify the victim’s ability to consent. Alcohol is the most commonly consumed substance among young people due to its easy accessibility and social acceptance. In nightlife settings, polysubstance use increases desinhibition, vulnerability and risky sexual behaviors. Objectives: To analyze how the use of psychoactive substances influences risky sexual behavior and vulnerability to sexual assault, also considering exposure to pornography. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study based on a survey conducted with 1,774 university students from Galicia. Results: 72.8% of the sample reported consuming alcohol in the past 30 days, and 66.2% acknowledged having used psychoactive substances and being involved in risky sexual behaviors. Situations involving chemical submission and sexual assaults were identified, when due to voluntary consumption of substances or administration without consent. 14.3% reported being sexually exploited while under the influence of alcohol or drugs. The perpetrators were mostly men known to the victim, and the incidents occurred mainly in bars and nightclubs. Additionally, it was observed that exposure to pornography began before the age of 15. 62.6% stated they had watched pornography at least once, and the majority (64.4%) classified access to such content as very easy. 45% reported being pornography consumers and having experienced risky sexual behaviors. Conclusions: The study’s findings highlight the need of preventive measures, sexual education and awareness about consent, with a focus on the university environment.

Direction
ORDOÑEZ MAYAN, LUCIA (Tutorships)

Court
MASIDE RODRIGUEZ, JULIO MANUEL (Chairman)
DIAZ GEADA, AINARA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUIZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Violence exerted by patients is a frequent reality in the hospital setting, especially in psychiatric hospital units, with its prevalence in these units towards nursing staff estimated at 61.9%. This type of violence is associated with factors related to the staff themselves, such as night shifts or lack of experience in this field. Objectives: The main objectives are to understand the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors of workplace violence towards nursing staff by psychiatric patients. Additionally, to determine its consequences, characteristics of the aggressor, and the time of day when most aggressions occur. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted. Independent search strategies were designed in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Studies published between 2010 and 2025 were included. Studies presenting data on prevalence, incidence, risk factors, consequences, and types of assaults in the health field, and specifically in Mental Health units, were included. Results: Eleven articles were included. The included articles agree on the high prevalence of violence from psychiatric patients towards healthcare staff, specifically nursing staff (90.3% - 90.6%). Additionally, the relationship between the consumption of harmful substances, tobacco, frustration due to unmet patient requests, and the lack of experience in the field of nursing with the increase in aggressions was determined. Conclusion: Violence in psychiatric units towards nursing staff is a prevalent and concerning situation. Due to its high presence in hospital settings, it is crucial that health guidelines recognize and address this issue, providing support to the affected staff.

Direction
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Co-tutorships)

Court
MASIDE RODRIGUEZ, JULIO MANUEL (Chairman)
DIAZ GEADA, AINARA (Secretary)
DIAZ RUIZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Admission to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) can be a traumatic experience for both the hospitalised child and their family. This situation may lead to the development of what is known as Paediatric Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (P-PICS). ICU diaries represent a therapeutic tool aimed at preventing the development of this syndrome and promoting post-discharge recovery. Objectives: To explore the usefulness of ICU diaries in the PICU as a therapeutic and emotional support tool for the child and their family, as well as their role as a preventive strategy against the development of P-PICS. Materials and Methods: A qualitative phenomenological pilot study conducted in the PICU of the Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela. The tool used was an ICU diary adapted for paediatrics, and participants were selected through convenience sampling among patients admitted to the unit and their families. Data were collected through 4 semi-structured interviews and thematically analysed by category. Results: The main themes identified were: Effects of diary use on patients and families, Format and contents of the diary, and Diary contributors. The ICU diaries were perceived by children as a source of entertainment and a means of better adaptation to hospitalisation, as well as strengthening the parent-child bond. However, families expressed mixed views on their therapeutic value. Limitations were noted in the paper format, and participants expressed a desire for greater involvement from nursing staff. Conclusions: ICU diaries have demonstrated therapeutic value in the prevention of PICS in adults, but further studies are needed to assess their usefulness in paediatrics. Collaboration from nursing staff and adaptation of the format would facilitate their implementation and acceptance.

Direction
Agra Tuñas, María del Carmen (Tutorships)
González Oviedo, Alba (Co-tutorships)

Court
VILLAR CHEDA, MARIA BEGOÑA (Chairman)
REY BRETAL, DAVID (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Menstrual health should be considered as a vital sign, understanding that it does not exclusively affect their physical health but also has implications on mental health and well-being. Factors such as socioeconomic status, age, nationality or culture have been shown to influence menstrual health. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to explore the influence of inequality axes on the menstrual health of adolescents in Galicia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was developed in which 1873 adolescents between 12 and 18 years of age from the province of Lugo participated. The data were collected between January and June 2024 through a survey administered in high schools to students in 2nd and 4th ESO, 2nd year of baccalaureate and 2nd year of CFGM. The independent variables studied were nationality, age and socioeconomic level, while the dependent variables were self-perceived health, mood, feelings of anxiety or tension, crying, less interest in activities, difficulty concentrating, fatigue/lack of energy, feeling overwhelmed and decreased productivity. Results: 80.43% of the girls reported low mood and 75.48% reported feeling fatigued with menstruation. Those adolescents with nationality other than Spanish had anxiety 66.67% of the time and those with lower socioeconomic status felt overwhelmed in 66.21% of the cases, reporting worse menstrual health. Conclusions: Menstrual health is influenced by multiple sociodemographic factors. Socioeconomic inequalities worsen the menstrual experience; affecting the well-being, mental health and daily life of adolescent girls.

Direction
DIAZ GEADA, AINARA (Tutorships)
Espelt Hernández, Albert (Co-tutorships)

Court
VILLAR CHEDA, MARIA BEGOÑA (Chairman)
REY BRETAL, DAVID (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Adolescent obesity and overweight are chronic-complex diseases that are extremely prevalent in the developed countries. Since the 1990s, the prevalence has increased exponentially. This has led to it becoming one of the most important public health problems of this century and also, an increase in the development of interventions for its control. One of the professionals involved in the development and implementation of these interventions are nursing professionals. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions in the control of obesity and overweight in adolescents and to identify the most effective nursing interventions for addressing adolescent overweight and obesity. Methods: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was conducted. A search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases between 2021 and 2025. In addition, government sources such as the World Health Organization and the ALADINO study were implemented. Information from each study was extracted into a pre-designed table. The quality of the studies was assessed using the CASPe tool. The results are described in a narrative form. Results: 10 studies were included in the review, most of them were conducted in the United States and Turkey. Interventions included parent-based interventions, physical activity programs, motivational interviewing, and educational sessions. The latest two were the most effective interventions, with statistically significant results obtained in the studies that evaluated these interventions. Conclusion: Nursing interventions were shown to be effective in controlling obesity and overweight. The interventions were simple and low-cost for implementing. However, further research is recommended to determine which intervention models are most effective and how they can be integrated into the healthcare and education systems.

Direction
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Tutorships)

Court
VILLAR CHEDA, MARIA BEGOÑA (Chairman)
REY BRETAL, DAVID (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)

Summary
INTRODUCTION: Polytraumatism implies the existence of multiple injuries, which involve life risk and often disability. Care must be provided quickly and systematically by an interprofessional team. OBJECTIVES: To know the effectiveness of training programs for adult emergency professionals on the care of polytraumatized patients. METHODS: Systematic review like PRISMA. Pubmed, CINAHL, Scielo, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov were searched. In addition, bibliographic references of previously found articles were included and the search was carried out in journals specific to the field of study. RESULTS: 170 articles were found. After the elimination of duplicates (72), selection by title and abstract (61 discarded), in access to records (8), selection by quality criteria (18 discarded), 11 were included in this review. The training techniques used include Training Program in Crisis Resource Management (CRM) for the initial care of polytraumatized patients and basic or advanced simulation. After the implementation of the training programs, an increase in the speed of resolving cases and the implementation of standardized procedures was observed. In addition, there was an improvement in coordination, situational awareness, cooperation, communication and crisis situations. CONCLUSIONS: There is a reduction in patient care time. Programs reducing the number of errors. It is improved the effect on the safety of patient care. Coaching training programs will improve patient care outcomes by providing fast cyclical feedback.

Direction
NUÑEZ IGLESIAS, MARIA JESUS (Tutorships)

Court
VILLAR CHEDA, MARIA BEGOÑA (Chairman)
REY BRETAL, DAVID (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)

Summary
Introduction. Admission to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) can cause emotional and cognitive sequelae in patients and families, known as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). To prevent it, humanization strategies such as ICU diaries, in which nursing staff play a key role, are promoted. Objectives. To evaluate the impact of PICU diaries as a therapeutic tool to improve the emotional well-being of patients, families and nursing staff, and to prevent PICS. To describe the use and content of the diaries. To analyze the nursing role in their application and to detect barriers and facilitators in their implementation. Material and methods. A systematic review of the scientific literature published in the last five years was carried out using PubMed, Web Of Science and Scopus databases. The PRISMA methodology was used to carry out an effective search for information. Studies addressing the use of diaries in PICU and their relationship with PICS in patients, families and nursing staff were included. Results. PICU diaries help mitigate the impact of admission on children and families, improve communication and bonding with staff, and facilitate emotional expression. No data were found on the reduction of anxiety or posttraumatic stress in patients and the evidence on their effect on families is limited. They are usually on paper, adapted to the pediatric patient, written mostly by family members, some by nurses and few by patients. Nursing is key in their implementation, although it faces limitations due to workload and lack of specific training. Conclusion. PICU diaries are highly valued by families and professionals, and represent a promising strategy to improve humanization, but require further research and resources to optimize their impact and sustainability.

Direction
Agra Tuñas, María del Carmen (Tutorships)

Court
VILLAR CHEDA, MARIA BEGOÑA (Chairman)
REY BRETAL, DAVID (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)

Summary
Introduction. Nowadays, climate change (CC) is one of the biggest threats humanity is facing, and has been declared a first level issue on the global health agenda. Proper training of health professionals, particularly nurses, will help them get to an active role in the fight against the effects and complications of CC. Objectives. The main objective of this study is to show areas of improvement in the academic training of nursing students in relation to CC. Method. A systematic review of scientific articles on CC was conducted from the perspective of nursing students in training, addressing aspects related to their knowledge, awareness and attitudes. The reviewed articles include clinical trials, systematic reviews, case-control studies, cohorts, cross-sectional and qualitative studies published in the decade between 2014-2024 that assessed changes in the nursing curriculum. Results. 14 articles were included. The results show a moderate perspective and awareness level in the different universities surveyed. Various limitations were found when applying sustainability during clinical practice. The need to influence the preparation of nursing students to face future challenges in public health is clear. Conclusions. The perspective of nursing students regarding CC, although insufficient, validates the need to improve their training based on environmental health and CC. It is recommended to restructure the curriculum, which will bring benefits when it comes to addressing the health consequences and reducing the environmental footprint.

Direction
SALGADO BARREIRA, ANGEL (Tutorships)

Court
FARALDO ROCA, PEDRO (Chairman)
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Secretary)
MUÑOZ PATIÑO, ANA MARIA (Member)

Summary
Introduction. Hospitalization in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) can cause adverse effects for patients and their families. These effects are known as “post-pediatric intensive care syndrome”, and they affect their quality of life and prognosis. Among the strategies proposed for its prevention are ICU diaries, a non-pharmacological intervention led by nurses, capable of reducing emotional consequences. Its use in the pediatric field remains limited and little explored. Objectives. To implement and evaluate qualitatively a digital ICU diary in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. The evaluation seeks to explore the perceptions of patients, family members, and nurses following their experience using the diary and to identify its benefits and limitations. Materials and methods. The diaries will be implemented after prior training for the nursing staff. They will be distributed upon admission, and patients and their families will be trained to encourage their use while in the unit. A qualitative phenomenological approach will be used to evaluate the experience. Convenience sampling will be used. Data collection will be conducted through interviews with patients, family members, and unit nurses. Data analysis will be performed using thematic analysis, following the steps proposed by Taylor and Bodgan. Expected results. The PICU diary is expected to be perceived as a useful tool to improve communication and emotional support, both for families and the healthcare team. Qualitative analysis will identify facilitators, barriers, and recommendations for its sustainable integration into clinical practice.

Direction
Agra Tuñas, María del Carmen (Tutorships)

Court
VILLAR CHEDA, MARIA BEGOÑA (Chairman)
REY BRETAL, DAVID (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Respiratory disorders are a common cause of childhood morbidity, and spirometry is key to their diagnosis and follow-up. However, its use is limited in children under 10 years because it requires a high level of understanding and cooperation. SpiroGame, an interactive software program, could improve children's understanding, motivation, and the quality of the test through visual games and feedback. This study analyzes its effectiveness compared to the standard protocol, assessing whether it improves collaboration, understanding, and spirometry results at early ages. Objectives: General objective: To study the benefits of using the interactive software program when performing spirometry in children compared to the standard protocol. Specific objectives: To evaluate the impact of the interactive software program on children's understanding of the technique and cooperation during the test. To compare the accuracy and reliability of the results obtained in spirometry tests performed with the interactive software and the standard protocol. Study whether gender influences the quality of the results Study in which age ranges the results improve Methods: An experimental study will be conducted with two independent groups: one will follow the standard spirometry protocol and the other one will use the interactive software SpiroGame. Children between 3 and 10 years of age will be recruited, divided by age (3 to 6 and 7 to 10 years) and sex, with a sample of 100 participants per group. Spirometry quality, understanding, and cooperation will be assessed. Data will be collected using questionnaires. Results: The use of SpiroGame in pediatric spirometry is expected to improve cooperation, comprehension, and test performance, with a lower rejection rate and improved quality of breathing maneuvers. Better results are also expected in children aged 3 to 6 years, while older children may not benefit as much from distractions associated with the game.

Direction
ORDOÑEZ MAYAN, LUCIA (Tutorships)

Court
VILLAR CHEDA, MARIA BEGOÑA (Chairman)
REY BRETAL, DAVID (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)

Summary
This study addresses the consequences and care of anastomotic leakage in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis undergoing peritonectomy and admitted to the ICU. The introduction contextualizes cancer as one of the leading causes of mortality, highlighting peritoneal carcinomatosis, an advanced complication of some abdominal cancers. These patients undergo cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), procedures that carry a high postoperative risk. The overall objective was to identify nursing care related to anastomotic leakage after surgery and to identify the most common complications and their morbidity and mortality. To this end, a systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines, using databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Clinical Trials, and others. Inclusion criteria included studies in adults from 2010 to the present, and in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. The results indicate that postoperative morbidity varies across studies, ranging from 0.64% to 41%. The most common complications were sepsis, fistulas, intra-abdominal abscesses, multiple organ failure, and the need for reintervention. Care options include hemodynamic monitoring, drainage and wound management, pain management, nutritional and emotional support, physical therapy, and health education, especially in cases with ostomies. The discussion confirms that factors such as age, type of surgery, and previous intervention influence morbidity. Most studies show limitations such as small sample sizes and lack of long-term follow-up. Finally, it is concluded that individualized care, based on a comprehensive patient assessment, is essential to improve postoperative outcomes.

Direction
Vidal Martínez, Sandra (Tutorships)

Court
VILLAR CHEDA, MARIA BEGOÑA (Chairman)
REY BRETAL, DAVID (Secretary)
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Member)

Summary
Context: depression is a disorder characterized by a cluster of affective, cognitive and somatic symptoms. In 2023, 3.8% of the world's population was suffering from depression, and it is estimated that by 2030 it will be one of the three leading causes of illness and disability. Its treatment is complex due to stigmatization, misinformation and lack of awareness, making it difficult to diagnose and treat. Objectives: to explore the main non-pharmacological treatments applied to major depression or dysthymia, to identify the main non-pharmacological nursing treatments and interventions in the care of patients with depression. Methodology: a Prisma-type systematic search was carried out in the PubMed, ApaPyscInfo and Cochrane databases between 11/2024 and 04/2025, using a search equation with the keywords Chronic Depression, Treatment and Therapy. Results: a total of 15 articles were included, demonstrating the wide variety of non-pharmacological treatments available, the most prominent being the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy, because it is especially designed for chronic depression, working on interpersonal relationships and improving quality of life; the Brief Supportive Psychotherapy, which through active listening generates a therapeutic alliance; the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, which combines relaxation techniques with cognitive therapy, reducing rumination; and the Schema Therapy, working on deep dysfunctional schemas. Conclusions: non-pharmacological treatments, such as the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System, the Brief Supportive Psychotherapy, the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and the Schema Therapy, are effective for major depression or dysthymia. Nursing interventions focus on fostering the therapeutic alliance and tailoring strategies to the patient's needs, highlighting their essential role in holistic care.

Direction
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Tutorships)

Court
Agra Tuñas, María del Carmen (Chairman)
ANTELO IGLESIAS, LUCIA (Secretary)
LAMA LOPEZ, RAQUEL (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Self-injurious behaviors are considered a serious public health problem that has gained greater visibility in recent years. Adolescence is characterized as a stage of greater vulnerability due to all the physical and psychological changes that occur. The management of this situation, both at the time of bullying and when self-injury occurs, is essential to curb this situation, which often leads to more serious consequences, such as depressive symptoms or suicidal behavior. Objective: The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between bullying and the emergence of self-injurious behaviors, as well as to identify the protective and risk factors that influence the development of such behaviors in adolescents who are victims of bullying. Method: This literature review was conducted through a search in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, following the PRISMA guidelines. Results: A total of 11 articles were selected for the review, from which a clear association was identified between involvement in various bullying-related situations and the subsequent emergence of self-injurious behaviors. Additionally, protective and risk factors were determined, with parental support and depression being the most significant, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of self-injury tends to decrease as bullying decreases, so it is essential to implement bullying prevention measures in the school setting and promote early detection to address this problem from its early stages.

Direction
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)

Court
Agra Tuñas, María del Carmen (Chairman)
ANTELO IGLESIAS, LUCIA (Secretary)
LAMA LOPEZ, RAQUEL (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Sexuality is a key dimension of human development, present throughout life. Drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA) and sexting are an emerging public health issues that impacts the mental health of victims. Purpose: To explore sexual violence within the Galician university environment, focusing on chemical submission, coercive dynamics, affective-sexual education and their consequences on victims´ psychological well-being. Methodology: Observational, descriptive cross-sectional study on DFSA among undergraduate students in the Galician University System, with a sample of 1774 university students aged between 18 and 35 years. An ad hoc questionnaire was used for data collection, which also included validated scales. Results: Sixteen percent of participants reported being victims of DFSA. In chemically vulnerable contexts, the most commonly consumed substance was alcohol. All those who reported being victims, while under the influence of alcohol and/or other drugs, suffered sexual exploitation. 73,8% of respondents received erotic or sexual content messages, compared to 41,3% who reported having sent such messages. Victims showed lower levels of psychological well-being, higher levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, as well as a poorer perception of life satisfaction. Conclusions: Sixteen percent of Galician university students report having experienced DFSA, primarily women, with alcohol being the most consumed substance. The prevalence of passive sexting and cases of sexual blackmail highlight a worrying lack of affective-sexual education. Victims present poorer mental health and elevated indicators of psychological distress.

Direction
ORDOÑEZ MAYAN, LUCIA (Tutorships)

Court
Agra Tuñas, María del Carmen (Chairman)
ANTELO IGLESIAS, LUCIA (Secretary)
LAMA LOPEZ, RAQUEL (Member)

Summary
Multiple Casualty Incidents (MCI) are situations where the demand for care exceeds available resources. Out-of-hospital triage allows victims to be triaged according to their severity and to prioritise their care, stabilisation and evacuation. This paper analyses the main models of prehospital triage in VMI, highlighting the role of nursing in their application. A systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Dialnet, Scielo and Google Scholar databases were consulted, selecting articles published between 2015 and 2025. Specific inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in 20 relevant studies for analysis. Two types of triage were identified: basic (START, SHORT, CareFlight, SIEVE), of rapid application and without the need for specialised training; and advanced (META, Homebush, SACCO), more complex, conducted by healthcare personnel with specific training. The META method demonstrated better evacuation times and treatment appropriateness compared to START. The use of triage cards and the correct sectorisation of the scene are key to efficient intervention. Basic methods are useful in smaller events; advanced methods, such as META, are more effective in complex disasters. The choice of method must be tailored to the context, number of victims and available resources. Nursing plays a decisive role in triage and operational leadership, and is fundamental to the success of a disaster response. There is no universally superior model: each has advantages according to the setting. Nursing staff training and standardisation of protocols are essential to improve the response to VMI, promoting effective, coordinated and evidence-based action.

Direction
Iglesias Vázquez, Jose Antonio (Tutorships)

Court
Agra Tuñas, María del Carmen (Chairman)
ANTELO IGLESIAS, LUCIA (Secretary)
LAMA LOPEZ, RAQUEL (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder characterized by symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and thought disturbances, causing significant deterioration in the sufferer's quality of life. Objectives: This systematic review aims to analyze the relationship between cannabis consumption and the risk of developing schizophrenia, as well as the association between cannabis-induced psychotic disorder and the disease. It also evaluates the influence of gender, age of onset, and frequency of use on the development of schizophrenia. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in the biomedical electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, following PRISMA guidelines. Results: Nine studies were selected after meeting the inclusion criteria. All the articles reviewed unanimously agree on the increased risk of developing schizophrenia after cannabis use, with variations according to factors such as gender, age of onset, and frequency of use, but maintaining a significant association in all cases. An elevated risk of progression to the disease was also observed after a cannabis-induced psychotic disorder. Conclusions: There is a clear need to implement awareness strategies, given the risks associated with cannabis use, especially directed towards risk groups before they reach the age of onset of consumption or develop the disease.

Direction
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)

Court
Agra Tuñas, María del Carmen (Chairman)
ANTELO IGLESIAS, LUCIA (Secretary)
LAMA LOPEZ, RAQUEL (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is considered one of the most important clinical problems worldwide due to its incidence and impact on patients' lives. Because of this, it is essential to know how nursing care influences the lives of these patients in order to provide the best possible care, based on the available scientific evidence. Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of nursing care on the clinical evolution of patients with ACS. Secondary objectives were: to identify the most frequent nursing interventions performed in patients with ACS, to evaluate the effectiveness of adherence to treatment in patients with ACS from the point of view of the nursing staff, and to determine the social and psychological impact that the pathology can have on the patients' lifestyle. Methodology: A bibliographic review of selected articles was carried out by searching for information on ACS in six scientific research databases (PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and Dialnet Plus). After the search, 15 articles were selected through a screening following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) methodology. Results: Nursing interventions related to health education were the most important in influencing care. In addition, the social and psychological impact connected with treatment adherence was essential in the quality of life of ACS patients. Conclusion: Nursing care is essential in the life of patients suffering ACS at the in-hospital and out-of-hospital level, where prompt and early nursing action considerably improves the quality of life and the prognosis of the pathology.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ ABAD, CARLOS (Tutorships)

Court
Agra Tuñas, María del Carmen (Chairman)
ANTELO IGLESIAS, LUCIA (Secretary)
LAMA LOPEZ, RAQUEL (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Injuries pose great clinical and emotional challenges for patientes, due to the slow process of scarring and risk of complications. In contrast with severe injuries, chronic injuries tend to not adequately recover the skin´s integrity. The process of scarring is more easily facilitated after an appropriate assessment of the stage of the injury. Current evidence points to taking moisture into account while healing as an effective stratety for repairing tissue using the TIME acronym (tissue, inflammation/infection, moisture, and edges). Objectives: This work aims to research scientific studies about the use of the TIME stategy with chronic injuries. Specific objectives include the demonstration of how balance of moisture is beneficial for scarring and assess the role of nurses in treating moist wounds. Methodology:A bibliography was compiled using a variety of databases such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Dialnet, and CINAHL. Of the1040 articles found, 13 were selected. Results: Studies were found that reinforce the use of the TIME model as a clinical framework for the assessment and treatment of injuries. Treatments that took moisture into account led to reduced time for scarring and infections, and factilitated the use of bandages. Digital information resources and professional development for nurses increased efficiency and effectiveness of treatments. Conclusion: The TIME approach for chronic injuries presents a constructive model for treatment that is both focused on the individual patient and evidence- based. The preparation of the wound bed improves clinical results and causes reduced scarring times. The standardized implementation of this strategy is key for improving the quality of treatments, reducing costs, and promoting more efficient medical attention.

Direction
FERNANDEZ VARELA, JUAN MANUEL (Tutorships)

Court
Agra Tuñas, María del Carmen (Chairman)
ANTELO IGLESIAS, LUCIA (Secretary)
LAMA LOPEZ, RAQUEL (Member)

Summary
Cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) is the sudden and potentially reversible cessation of heart activity. In Spain, it causes between 10,000 and 15,000 deaths per year, most commonly occurring outside the hospital setting and usually witnessed by a family member. CRA is time-dependent, and survival is strongly influenced by how quickly emergency services, responsible for providing Advanced Life Support (ALS), are activated. In addition, public education in Basic Life Support (BLS) is essential to enable the prompt initiation of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). This training is especially valuable for schoolchildren due to the long-term retention of knowledge, and it is most effectively delivered by teachers, as they demonstrate better competency transfer. The chain of survival begins with the emergency call, which requires recognizing the situation and providing specific information, actions that can be challenging for children and are not regulated in the educational systems of all countries. The objectives of this study are: to assess the ability to make an emergency call in a group of schoolchildren; and to compare these abilities between primary and secondary students, through a multicentre quasi-experimental study conducted in Galician semi-private schools over a three-year period, where a set of variables was evaluated dichotomously (YES/NO) using a practical test.

Direction
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, ANTONIO (Chairman)
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Secretary)
LOPEZ LOPEZ, ANDREA (Member)

Summary
Brugada syndrome (BS) is a hereditary channelopathy that predisposes individuals to potentially life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, especially in young people without evident structural heart disease. It is mainly associated with mutations in the SCN5A gene, although other genes may also be involved. Diagnosis is based on the electrocardiographic finding of the type I pattern, characterized by more than 2 mm ST-segment elevation with a downsloping morphology in leads V1 to V3, which is considered a definitive diagnostic criteria. This pattern may not appear spontaneously, so pharmacological testing with sodium channel blockers are used for detection. To address these aspects, a literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, SciELO, AHA Journals, and the Spanish Society of Cardiology, selecting 13 articles between 2004 and 2024 in English and Spanish that addressed the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Brugada syndrome. Studies without a clearly defined methodology were excluded. The studies analyzed agree that ajmaline has superior sensitivity for inducing the type I pattern, making it the most effective diagnostic drug. Although flecainide has lower sensitivity, it remains useful when ajmaline is unavailable. Both drugs show a low risk of inducing arrhythmias if administered under monitoring in a hospital setting. Regarding treatment, several therapeutic strategies stand out: the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in patients with a history of unexplained syncope, ventricular fibrillation, or aborted sudden death; quinidine, which stabilizes the action potential by inhibiting the transient outward potassium current (Ito); and epicardial ablation of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). It is also recommended to avoid proarrhythmic drugs, uncontrolled fever, and other arrhythmia-triggering factors. In summary, an accurate diagnosis through pharmacological testing and individualized treatment are essential to improving the prognosis of patients with Brugada syndrome.

Direction
Iglesias Vázquez, Jose Antonio (Tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, ANTONIO (Chairman)
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Secretary)
LOPEZ LOPEZ, ANDREA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Regular physical activity is essential for proficient motor skills, which lay the foundation for an active and healthy lifestyle. However, the minimum requirements are currently not being met, highlighting a considerable increase in physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyles. This negatively impacts motor development in childhood and beyond, as attitudes acquired as children tend to be maintained throughout life. Other factors to consider are social and contextual factors, which have been little studied and are important in motor literacy. Objective: To determine the biological, social, and contextual factors that influence the development of fundamental locomotor skills in children aged 6 to 12 in Galicia. Methodology: A correlational observational study that evaluated the motor competence of 502 children aged 6 to 12 years, enrolled in primary school and without physical disabilities. Participants performed ten locomotor skills (such as run, hop, slide). Their parents or legal guardians completed a questionnaire on their child's sociodemographic data and sports participation. The relationship between motor competence and sociodemographic variables was analysed using multiple linear regression. Results: Locomotor skills were positively and significantly associated with age (t=16.755; p less than 0.001) and regular physical activity (t =4.086; p less than 0.001), and negatively associated with body mass index (t=-7.175; p less than 0.001). The skill in which participants demonstrated the greatest proficiency was slide, while they scored lower on change of direction. Conclusions: Motor competence in childhood is influenced by age, body mass index, and regular sports practice, all of which are related to the individual context of children. These findings support the acquisition of healthy habits that allow for the improvement of locomotor skills and their maintenance over time.

Direction
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Tutorships)
Abelairas Gómez, Cristian (Co-tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, ANTONIO (Chairman)
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Secretary)
LOPEZ LOPEZ, ANDREA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Cardiorespiratory arrest requires immediate intervention by means of Basic Life Support maneuvers, which include cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early use of the semiautomatic external defibrillator (AED). Schoolchildren are a target population to receive this teaching from early stages. However, there is a lack of evidence on the most appropriate methodology or whether the use of materials adapted to the cognitive development of children could be more beneficial. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of traditional training in the use of the semiautomatic external defibrillator (AED) with the use of innovative teaching materials in schoolchildren aged 8 to 12 years. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study in which 282 children (8-12 years of age) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: control (traditional training), experimental-1 (AED-Cube: three-dimensional mechanical puzzle) and experimental-2 (AED-Video: guided video). The training consisted of a 100-minute theoretical-practical session given by the teaching staff of each center and the evaluation measured the recommended steps for the use of the AED. Results: More than 80% of the participants correctly performed most of the steps recommended for AED use, regardless of the training received. However, some skills presented repeated errors among schoolchildren, such as performing a safe shock or correct patch placement. The variable “Initiate CPR immediately” showed statistically significant differences (p less than 0.001) between groups: the AED-Video group performed better, followed by the traditional training group and finally AED-Cube. Conclusions: The results suggest that the use of innovative and didactic materials adapted to the cognitive development of schoolchildren can be employed as viable and effective alternatives to traditional training for the correct use of AED. However, in some maneuvers, all three groups presented errors that should be considered and reinforced in future training.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Co-tutorships)

Court
Agra Tuñas, María del Carmen (Chairman)
ANTELO IGLESIAS, LUCIA (Secretary)
LAMA LOPEZ, RAQUEL (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Physical activity is essential for physical, mental, and social well-being, especially during childhood. However, current rates of inactivity and sedentary behavior among children are concerning and are linked to insufficient development of fundamental motor skills (FMS). These skills are key to promoting healthy lifestyles throughout life. In this context, the lack of normative standards for motor competence hinders the early detection of potential developmental delays. Objectives: To analyze the development of FMS in children aged 6 to 12 in Galicia in order to establish normative values for motor competence development. Material and Methods: Observational study involving 437 Galician children aged 6 to 12 who were assessed on 21 FMS. Skills were evaluated by three trained assessors using the Alfamov application, which allows for systematic assessment of motor competence. Scores obtained for each skill were analyzed based on educational stage and sex, using Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney U tests, as appropriate. Results: A progressive improvement in FMS was observed with increasing age. Girls excelled in stability skills (Me=30.0 (26.0 to 34.0) vs Me=27.0 (22.0 to 31.0); p less than 0.001), while boys performed better in manipulative skills (Me=43.0 (37.0 to 47.0) vs Me=35.0 (30.0 to 40.0) in girls; p less than 0.001). Sex differences were more pronounced in the second educational cycle. Conclusions: A progressive development of FMS was observed with increasing age, with better performance in manipulative skills among boys and in stability skills among girls. The first skills acquired were the simplest and most common, such as running or catching, while more complex skills like batting developed later. These findings help guide motor competence assessment and support the early detection of developmental delays.

Direction
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Tutorships)
Abelairas Gómez, Cristian (Co-tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, ANTONIO (Chairman)
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Secretary)
LOPEZ LOPEZ, ANDREA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Physical activity during pregnancy is important for both maternal and newborn health. International guidelines recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week for pregnant women. However, there has been a lack of evidence on the benefits of strength exercise compared to other types of training. Objective: To identify, synthesize, and evaluate studies that analyze how resistance exercise during pregnancy influences maternal and neonatal health compared to other types of exercise or no physical exercise. Methodology: A systematic review was carried out in which literature was retrieved from the databases of Web of Science, SportDiscus, MEDLINE and CINAHL, up to February 2025. Clinical trials and observational studies published in English and Spanish that evaluated strength training during pregnancy were compiled. The inclusion criteria required participants to perform strength training, compared to other types of exercise or inactivity. We excluded studies that only addressed strength training without comparisons and those whose sample included women with some pathology. Results: Nine studies with a total of 36,768 women were included. The results show that strength training during pregnancy is safe and can lead to a series of benefits such as better control of body weight and lower blood pressure in the mother and improvements in neonatal metabolism. Conclusions: Strength training during pregnancy is shown to be safe and may imply physiological and metabolic benefits for mother and child. However, the lack of scientific evidence prevents categorical statements from being made, so more studies are needed.

Direction
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, ANTONIO (Chairman)
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Secretary)
LOPEZ LOPEZ, ANDREA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Work-related stress is considered a natural response of endogenous origin to demands that exceed our capabilities. In the healthcare field, especially in nursing, this can lead to a critical problem. Factors such as work overload, emotional pressure, lack of recognition, and constant exposure to human suffering drastically contribute to the increase in stress-related disorders such as anxiety, depression, and burnout. Due to the severe consequences both at the individual and institutional levels, preventive and support measures must be established and implemented to improve the well-being of nursing staff. Objectives: To assess the impact of work-related stress on the mental health of nursing staff. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted based on selected articles from the PubMed, Scielo, and Cochrane Library databases. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, the articles that best met the evaluation objectives were selected. Results: A total of 13 articles were included from across all databases, encompassing systematic and bibliographic reviews, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Conclusion: The strong multifactorial impact of stress and burnout on nursing staff is evident, affecting both their well-being and the quality of care provided. Individual factors such as poor self-care, along with organizational elements such as workload, long shifts, and especially the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic, have intensified and aggravated this exhaustion. Several beneficial interventions were identified which, although limited when applied in isolation, help to manage certain stressors.

Direction
GANDOY CREGO, MANUEL (Tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, ANTONIO (Chairman)
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Secretary)
LOPEZ LOPEZ, ANDREA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: The Recovery Position (RP) is a technique used in emergency situations when the victim is conscious and breathing normally. It involves positioning the victim on their side in a stable manner while opening the airway. Due to its importance, it is essential for the general population to learn how to perform this technique. The ideal time for training is during the educational stage. In order to assess the effectiveness of a standardized system for RP training, a group of schoolchildren was followed over a three-year period. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program for 4th and 5th grade primary school students in performing the Recovery Position and to monitor their progress over three years. Methodology: A non-randomized quasi-experimental study without a control group was conducted. Physical education teachers were trained, and they subsequently instructed the students over the following three years. The students were evaluated by the training team. Results: The total sample size was 194 in the first year, 193 in the second year, and 138 in the third year. After three years of training, improvements were observed in five of the six variables assessed, except for the “Head tilt chin lift” (P6), which showed a regression in the third year. In contrast, the “Places in RP” variable (P1) increased from 90.7% of students performing it correctly to 97.1%. The “Position of the far leg” (P4) improved from 67% to 84.1%, and the “Position of the near leg” (P5) from 69.6% to 83.3%. Conclusions: Training in the Recovery Position is essential for the general population. Following a methodology that introduces the subject matter sequentially and reinforces skills regularly through practice and support activities has proven to be highly effective.

Direction
MARTINEZ ISASI, SANTIAGO (Tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, ANTONIO (Chairman)
YAÑEZ JATO, MATILDE (Secretary)
LOPEZ LOPEZ, ANDREA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) presents a significant impact on the daily lives of those who suffer from it, affecting areas such as cognition, emotions, behaviour, memory and perception. Although its prevalence is low, it appears to have a strong association with childhood trauma. Its diagnosis is complex due to symptomatic overlap with other disorders, resulting in misdiagnosis. Currently, there are diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches that allow for a more comprehensive care of their needs. Objectives: The main objective is to understand the dynamics of DID through the analysis of its physical and psychological manifestations in the different identities that make up the disorder. Secondary objectives are to identify the main diagnostic and therapeutic challenges faced by mental health professionals and to explore the role of the nurse in the care of patients with DID, focusing on strategies to identify and manage the symptoms associated with alternating personalities. Methods: A narrative review based on scientific evidence was conducted following the PRISMA methodology. The search for articles was conducted through the following databases: PubMed, SciELO and Web Of Science. Results: The studies reviewed highlight that, depending on the alter that is leading the patient, specific brain areas are activated or functional alterations are produced in different regions of the brain. Therefore, the fluctuating symptomatology associated with personality changes makes diagnosis difficult. Among the therapeutic interventions available, nurses can intervene by identifying needs and planning tailored care. Conclusions: Due to the variety of psychological and physical manifestations of DID, a multidisciplinary approach is essential. Nursing competencies play a key role, contributing to both early detection and comprehensive follow-up and support of patients.

Direction
REY BRETAL, DAVID (Tutorships)

Court
ARIAS RODRIGUEZ, JUAN ENRIQUE (Chairman)
BALBOA MENDEZ, SABELA (Secretary)
PAZOS COUSELO, MARCOS (Member)

Summary
Background: E-cigarette use among general population and pregnant women has increased considerably in recent years due to a lower perceived risk compared to conventional tobacco. These devices are often used as a method for quitting smoking during pregnancy due to a lower perceived risk for the fetus. However, there are studies that warn about the adverse effects that this use can have on maternal and fetal health. Aims: To estimate the prevalence of exclusive and dual use of e-cigarettes during pregnancy and to understand the potential adverse effects on pregnant women, fetus and newborn. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, searching the PubMed, Scopus, WOS and Dialnet databases following PRISMA standards. Results: 343 studies were identified and 8 met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of exclusive use ranged from 0,4% to 1,3% and that of dual use ranged from 0% to 3,5%. The association between e-cigarette use and adverse effects on pregnancy was not significant in some studies, while in the others it was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, smaller fetal size, smaller head circumference or low birth weight. Conclusions: The prevalence of exclusive e-cigarette use during pregnancy is low and the prevalence of dual use is generally higher. The studies reviewed regarding the risk posed by this use are heterogeneous; in several, e-cigarette use is significantly associated with effects such as lower birth weight. More research is needed to understand the true extent of this use and its risks.

Direction
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)
Rey Brandariz, Julia (Co-tutorships)

Court
ARIAS RODRIGUEZ, JUAN ENRIQUE (Chairman)
BALBOA MENDEZ, SABELA (Secretary)
PAZOS COUSELO, MARCOS (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) require an immediate response through Basic Life Support (BLS) to increase survival rates and minimise neurological consequences in victims. However, bystander intervention remains low. Initiatives such as Kids Save Lives promote the learning of BLS from early childhood. In the sporting context, training young people is particularly important due to the increased risk of OHCA. Aim: To assess the retention and decline of BLS knowledge and skills in young athletes over a follow-up period of five months. Methodology: A total of 69 federated athletes (aged 6 to 18) from the Fontes do Sar club participated. They were randomly assigned to two groups: a comparator group and an intermediate assessment group. Both groups received identical one-hour theoretical and practical training and were assessed between 1 and 7 days after the training (E1) and again after 5 months (E3). The intermediate assessment group was also assessed at 2.5 months (E2). Results: Over 65% of the children correctly performed the BLS steps in E1, with common errors involving the response check or the failure to hyperextend the airway during opening. More than 97% of participants in both groups demonstrated a strong willingness to alert emergency services and initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, after five months, the intermediate assessment group showed significantly better performance in certain BLS steps. Furthermore, they demonstrated higher-quality CPR (p=0.016). A smaller number of participants performed airway opening in E3 compared to E1 (p less than 0.001 in the comparator group and p=0.035 in the intermediate assessment group), and fewer performed the look,listen y feel manoeuvre in the comparator group (p=0.006). Conclusion: BLS and CPR skills tend to decline over time if not reinforced. The findings support the implementation of continuous training strategies and regular assessments, particularly in sports environments.

Direction
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Tutorships)
Abelairas Gómez, Cristian (Co-tutorships)

Court
ARIAS RODRIGUEZ, JUAN ENRIQUE (Chairman)
BALBOA MENDEZ, SABELA (Secretary)
PAZOS COUSELO, MARCOS (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Mental health is essential for the development of proper professional performance and overall well-being among healthcare professionals. Nurses are frequently exposed to working conditions that increase the risk of developing anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout disorders. Objectives: The main objective of this Final Degree Project is to review the scientific literature to examine the risk and protective factors that influence the mental health and well-being of nursing professionals. It also aims to identify strategies that promote their well-being and contribute to the creation of healthy work environments. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology, using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. A total of 10 articles published between 2020 and 2025 were selected, focusing specifically on nursing professionals and applying the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The selected studies identified a high prevalence of depressive, anxious, and stress-related symptoms among nursing staff. The most common risk factors were: being female, younger age, loneliness, poor sleep quality, poor working conditions, direct exposure to COVID-19, and a greater fear of infection. In contrast, the main protective factors were: resilience, social support, job satisfaction, and personal traits such as extraversion and self-efficacy. Conclusions: The mental health of nursing professionals is determined by individual, organizational, and social factors. In addition to improving working conditions, it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive approach that also focuses on personal resources, strengthens support networks, and promotes structural changes to create a healthier work environment for healthcare professionals.

Direction
MARTINEZ VISPO, CARMELA (Tutorships)

Court
ARIAS RODRIGUEZ, JUAN ENRIQUE (Chairman)
BALBOA MENDEZ, SABELA (Secretary)
PAZOS COUSELO, MARCOS (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Clinical simulation has become established as an effective pedagogical methodology that allows students to replicate real-life situations in safe and controlled environments. Based on Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory, this strategy promotes the progressive acquisition of competencies through guided experiences, structured reflection, and continuous feedback. In the field of Nursing, simulation enables students to develop technical and communication skills without compromising patient safety. This type of learning can be classified into five levels according to Roussin’s SimZones model, depending on the complexity and learning objectives. Debriefing, as an essential part of the process, allows for the consolidation of acquired knowledge and the improvement of clinical performance. Despite the clear benefits - such as increased patient safety and enhanced teamwork - it is essential to provide specific training for educators in order to properly guide the implementation of this methodology. Objective: To analyze the level of technical competence of first-year Nursing Degree students at the University of Santiago de Compostela through a practical test following a simulation-based training program, as well as to examine students’ perceptions of their own competence and confidence during the assessment process. Methodology: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of a simulation-based training program. Voluntary first-year Nursing Degree students from the University of Santiago de Compostela participated in the study.

Direction
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Tutorships)

Court
ARIAS RODRIGUEZ, JUAN ENRIQUE (Chairman)
BALBOA MENDEZ, SABELA (Secretary)
PAZOS COUSELO, MARCOS (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Risky sexual behaviours are on the rise among Spanish youth, particularly during adolescence and university years. This trend contributes to an increase in STIs and sexual assaults. Contributing factors include the lack of comprehensive sex education and the reliance on pornography as a primary source of sexual information. Despite recommendations from the European Union and UNESCO, Spain still lacks robust legislation to ensure the provision of mandatory, comprehensive sex education throughout the educational system. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the affective sexual education received and the engagement in risky sexual behaviours among students at USC. Methods: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of 1,504 USC students aged between 17 and 25 years. Through a self-administered questionnaire, participants were asked about pornography consumption, the comprehensive sex education they received, and their risky sexual behaviours. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Results: Of the 1,504 participants, 76.9% had taken part in some comprehensive sex education activity, and 74.1% rated it negatively. The topics most frequently addressed were STIs and contraceptive methods. High rates of pornography consumption (60.9%) and risky sexual behaviours, such as unprotected sex (56.4%), were observed. However, statistically significant differences based on the evaluation of the sex education received were found only in relation to DFSA (Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assaults). Conclusions: USC students rated the comprehensive sex education they received negatively. Although a connection was only found between this evaluation and DFSA, the high percentage of students reporting risky sexual behaviours and pornography use is noteworthy. Not only are further studies needed, but there is also an urgent need to implement educational and preventive programs to help reduce the risky behaviours exhibited by the students at our university.

Direction
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Tutorships)
MALLAH NASRALLAH, NARMEEN (Co-tutorships)

Court
ARIAS RODRIGUEZ, JUAN ENRIQUE (Chairman)
BALBOA MENDEZ, SABELA (Secretary)
PAZOS COUSELO, MARCOS (Member)

Summary
Introduction. The pelvis is closed inferiorly by a set of structures that form the pelvic floor. This supports the pelvic viscera and allows the passage of the terminal portions of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. The female pelvis presents specific adaptations for childbirth, and the pelvic floor plays an essential role in continence and sexual function. Factors such as pregnancy and childbirth can weaken it, leading to dysfunctions. Obstetric physiotherapy, through techniques such as perineal massage, spherodynamics, and the use of devices like the EPI-NO, helps prevent complications during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as possible sequelae. Justification. Pelvic floor dysfunctions significantly affect the quality of life of many women. It is essential to raise awareness of obstetric physiotherapy as a preventive and rehabilitative tool, promoting individualized, effective, and evidence-based interventions to improve female perineal health. Aim. To analyze the extent to which performing perineal preparation exercises with the EPI-NO influences the reduction of instrumental deliveries and the appearance of associated sequelae. Methods. A systematic search was conducted in the databases PEDro, Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Science Direct for articles on physiotherapy and pregnant women in both Spanish and English. Results. Five articles published between 2010 and 2025 were included: three randomized controlled trials, one non-randomized controlled trial, and one randomized clinical trial. Conclusions. Evidence suggests that the Epi-No device could help prevent perineal trauma in vaginal births, reducing episiotomies, tears, and the use of instruments. However, the studies present methodological limitations and heterogeneity in design, with predominantly Caucasian participants, which hinders the generalization of the results. The lack of long-term follow-up also prevents the evaluation of its impact on sequelae. More research is needed to establish its effectiveness and define its indications in obstetric practice.

Direction
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Tutorships)

Court
ARIAS RODRIGUEZ, JUAN ENRIQUE (Chairman)
BALBOA MENDEZ, SABELA (Secretary)
PAZOS COUSELO, MARCOS (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia, following Alzheimer's disease. It combines heterogeneous cognitive, motor, and neuropsychiatric symptoms that complicate diagnosis. The approach to dementias constitutes a health priority due to their growing social and economic impact derived from population aging, which is highly observed in regions such as Galicia, where an increase in the incidence of these pathologies is expected. Objective: To analyze LBD from a clinical, diagnostic, and nursing perspective, with the aim of contributing to a better approach to this pathology within the healthcare setting. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted using different search engines and databases, employing MeSH terms and keywords combined with Boolean operators. After applying different filters, a total of 20 articles were selected. Results: LBD presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom overlap with other dementias such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Treatment focuses on palliating motor and cognitive symptoms, and since there are no definitive findings demonstrating the superiority of certain drugs over others, interventions must be individualized, complementing pharmacological treatment with non-pharmacological measures. Based on these data, two care plans were developed using NANDA guidelines. Conclusions: The combination of fluctuating cognitive, motor, and neuropsychiatric symptoms generates a greater difficulty in establishing a definitive diagnosis for this pathology. The symptomatic overlap with other dementias increases the likelihood of misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment, which may worsen the patient’s quality of life. The implementation of care plans will facilitate the identification of signs and interventions that will support the diagnostic and therapeutic process.

Direction
MUÑOZ PATIÑO, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, RAQUEL (Chairman)
CELARD PEREZ, PEDRO (Secretary)
VALENZUELA LIMIÑANA, RITA (Member)

Summary
Introduction To prevent early clotting of the filter in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT), systemic sodium heparin (HEP) has traditionally been used, but this carries a risk of bleeding and thrombocytopenia. Therefore, regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in the hemofilter has become widespread. Its metabolism can cause metabolic alkalosis, hypocalcemia, and citrate accumulation if overwhelmed. To prevent these, it is essential to monitor ionized calcium and pH. Objectives The primary objective was to assess the risks associated with the use of RCA in patients undergoing CRRT with a hemofilter. Methodology A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol. Five databases were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2024 in Spanish, English, or Portuguese. Prospective clinical trials in adults were included if they evaluated the safety of RCA versus HEP or other anticoagulation methods for patients undergoing CRRT, or the safety of a specific RCA protocol. Studies were then filtered by title, abstract, full text, and quality criteria, in that order. Results Seventeen prospective clinical trials were included. RCA undoubtedly extended the filter lifespan compared to HEP and significantly reduced the incidence of bleeding, although with no differences in mortality. Episodes of hypocalcemia, citrate accumulation, and metabolic alkalosis were more common with RCA, but were generally transient and manageable by adjusting the protocol. The RCA group also showed reduced activation of inflammatory mediators. Conclusion RCA is the safest option for most patients on CRRT, as it prolongs filter lifespan and significantly reduces bleeding and systemic inflammation, although it does not appear to improve survival. Its metabolic complications are infrequent when infusion and calcium control protocols are correctly applied.

Direction
Vidal Martínez, Sandra (Tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, RAQUEL (Chairman)
CELARD PEREZ, PEDRO (Secretary)
VALENZUELA LIMIÑANA, RITA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: One of the main consequences of trauma is severe hemorrhage, which can be life-threatening. The most effective and safest way to control bleeding in the extremities is by using tourniquets. Therefore, it is important to evaluate which type of tourniquet is most suitable for the majority of the population, taking into account its ease of use and the time required for application. Objetive: To compare the applicability of three different types of tourniquets (X8T, CAT and SWAT-T) in untrained individuals using an infographic as a guide. Methodology: A randomized, quasi-experimental study was carried out involving three groups (X8T, CAT and SWAT-T). The sample included 109 participants without previous training in tourniquet application, who relied on an infographic as a guide for placement. Results: The X8T group showed superior performance in tourniquet application. It required the least amount of time to apply the tourniquet and demonstrated greater effectiveness than the CAT and SWAT-T tourniquets. Conclusions: For individuals without prior training, the X8T tourniquet is easier to use, quicker to apply, and more effective than the CAT and SWAT-T models.

Direction
MARTINEZ ISASI, SANTIAGO (Tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, RAQUEL (Chairman)
CELARD PEREZ, PEDRO (Secretary)
VALENZUELA LIMIÑANA, RITA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: An elimination ostomy affects quality of life due to physical factors, social and psychological challenges and impact on well-being. Ostomy patients can manage the new changes through adaptive mechanisms without which they could develop symptoms of anxiety and depression. Objective: To explore the effectiveness of health education as a nursing intervention in relation to anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as quality of life, in ostomized patients after digestive surgery. Methodology: Pilot study developed within a quasi-experimental clinical trial using Beck and Goldberg anxiety and depression questionnaires, and the short scale health questionnaire to determine risk or probability of anxiety and depression and level of quality of life in two interviews (before and after nursing intervention). Measures of central tendency and dispersion were used for quantitative variables and frequencies for qualitative variables, determining the correlation between variables to observe the strength of association and direction of the relationship. A significance level of 0.05 was chosen and the statistical package PASW v.23 was used. Results: First and second interview scores ranged from 0-15 and 0-14 for anxiety risk; 0-20 and 0-15 for depression risk; and 27-98 and 55-97 for quality of life, respectively. Significant correlations appeared between risks and probabilities of anxiety and depression determining that lower levels of anxiety and depression are correlated with better quality of life. Conclusion: Health education as a nursing intervention was shown to improve quality of life and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression in ostomized patients after digestive surgery.

Direction
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, RAQUEL (Chairman)
CELARD PEREZ, PEDRO (Secretary)
VALENZUELA LIMIÑANA, RITA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Omeprazole is one of the most prescribed drugs worldwide, especially among the elderly. Although its efficacy is solidly supported in certain pathologies, a high prevalence of prolonged prescription without justified clinical indication has been documented, constituting a considerable threat to the health of this population group. Objectives: To analyze the impact of the inappropriate use of omeprazole in the elderly, determining its prevalence, associated factors and main adverse effects derived from its prolonged use without clinical justification. Methodology: A systematic literature review was performed between 2014 and 2025 in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Dialnet and Iacobus, following PRISMA criteria. MeSH terms were used: Aged, Older adults, Elderly, Omeprazole, Inappropriate prescribing, Prescription Drug Misuse, Inappropriate use, Off-label use. We included observational studies, clinical trials and systematic reviews that studied the use of omeprazole in those over 65 years of age. Methodological quality was assessed using the CASPe method. Results: Twelve observational studies were selected. A high prevalence of inappropriate use of omeprazole was evidenced, with figures reaching 70%. The main associated factors included polypharmacy, prophylactic use without diagnostic confirmation, and the absence of periodic follow-up of treatment. Among the most frequent adverse effects were osteoporotic fractures, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, renal failure, pneumonia and increased risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusions: Prolonged and unjustified consumption of omeprazole in the elderly represents a common and potentially harmful practice. It is crucial to promote regular reviews of pharmacological treatments, to strengthen the training of professionals in responsible prescribing and to promote the implementation of safe deprescribing strategies oriented to this risk population.

Direction
NOVIO MALLON, SILVIA (Tutorships)
Domínguez Martís, Eva María (Co-tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, RAQUEL (Chairman)
CELARD PEREZ, PEDRO (Secretary)
VALENZUELA LIMIÑANA, RITA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: The use of licit and illicit substances becomes more dangerous during pregnancy due to the consequences for both the mother and the fetus, as well as the newborn. The most used substances are tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine; polydrug use is common. The interdisciplinary obstetric care team must provide comprehensive prenatal care using various public health strategies. Objectives: To analyze the scope of substance use among pregnant Spanish women, determine its prevalence, describe the consequences for pregnant women and newborns, and examine current prevention strategies in Spain. Methods: This systematic review was conducted through a bibliographic search of different databases using the keywords tobacco, alcohol, pregnancy, illicit drugs and Spain, joined by Boolean operators. Through a thorough screening process, consisting of three distinct steps, the 15 articles included in this review were selected. Results: The results show that the most commonly used substances during pregnancy are alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine, which produce harmful effects for both mother and offspring, such as miscarriage, premature birth, birth defects, and neurological disorders. Therefore, the studies highlight the need for effective strategies and interventions to achieve abstinence. Conclusions: Substance use during pregnancy is a significant problem in the Spanish healthcare context due to its current prevalence and the implications for the mother, fetus, newborn, and adulthood. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is required to overcome the challenge of implementing prevention strategies in current Spanish clinical practice.

Direction
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Tutorships)
Torres López, Lorena (Co-tutorships)

Court
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ ABAD, CARLOS (Secretary)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) presents a high mortality rate due to the lack of bystander training in basic life support (BLS). Training in BLS from school age is a useful strategy to improve survival, but the best educational approach remains unknown. Objective: To study the feasibility of the plus-delta debriefing in the training and evaluation of a simulated BLS scenario in previously trained schoolchildren and to explore their feelings/attitudes regarding the experience. Methodology: A qualitative and quantitative quasi-experimental study. Schoolchildren aged 13-16 from two private schools, previously trained in BLS (8-10 hours) by Physical Education teachers, participated. The intervention consisted of a simulation (4 participants-20 observers) followed by a plus-delta debriefing facilitated by an expert. To analyze the knowledge acquired and reflections, questionnaires were used (performance, attitudes, and perceived confidence). Results: A total of 54 schoolchildren participated (36% were actively involved in the debriefing). All identified correct actions and areas for improvement (except for rescuer switching and pauses between chest compressions). In terms of execution, the main errors were inadequate compressions and insufficient force to perform the Heimlich maneuver. They expressed concerns and challenges: causing harm to the victim, freezing, controlling nerves. 97% reported feeling capable of acting in an emergency, and 72% believed they would perform correctly in a hypothetical case. Conclusions: Reflective learning through the plus-delta technique is feasible with adolescents and should be considered a potential teaching tool for BLS in schools.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Gómez Silva, Graciela (Co-tutorships)

Court
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ ABAD, CARLOS (Secretary)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Member)

Summary
Introduction Refeeding syndrome (RS), a serious complication after reintroducing food, especially in malnourished patients, is characterized by electrolyte (especially hypophosphatemia), vitamin, and clinical disturbances, such as arrhythmias. Risk groups include patients with anorexia nervosa, oncological diseases, chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and critically ill patients. Early recognition and appropriate intervention are key to preventing complications. Objectives The principal objective is to know the impact of SRA on critical patients. Methodology This systematic review examines the impact of Renutrition Syndrome on critically ill patients. Studies conducted in adults, critically ill patients, and articles published since 2019 in Spanish or English were included. Six databases were searched using Mesh and DeCS terms combined with Boolean operators. For screening, the authors selected the databases based on inclusion and exclusion criteria: title, abstract, body of text, and, finally, CASpE quality. Results Fourteen studies were selected. Most demonstrated the complexity of assessing the syndrome's impact due to the lack of a uniform definition and homogeneous studies. They also called for the development of guidelines and protocols for early risk identification and the need to educate healthcare professionals on nutrition. Most studies recommended starting nutrition with a low-calorie diet and progressing gradually, in addition to prior supplementation, close patient monitoring, and electrolyte correction. Conclusions The results show that ARDS is a common complication in critically ill patients, with a high risk of mortality and few diagnostic tools. Its prevention requires early detection, electrolyte correction, progressive nutrition, and individual nutritional assessment. Furthermore, improved clinical protocols and guidelines, along with improved training for healthcare personnel, are needed.

Direction
Vidal Martínez, Sandra (Tutorships)

Court
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ ABAD, CARLOS (Secretary)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus, particularly type II, is a chronic disease with a high global prevalence and a significant risk of complications such as diabetic foot. This complication, caused by neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease, can lead to ulcers and amputations. Prevention is based on early detection, glycemic control, self-care education, and the involvement of nursing staff in primary care. However, there are barriers such as lack of time and insufficient training. Objectives: The objectives of this research were to understand the importance and effectiveness of nursing care in preventing diabetic foot ulcers in primary care, as well as the challenges faced by healthcare professionals. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted using the following databases and search engines: Cinahl, Dialnet, WOS, PubMed, Scopus and Medline. Eleven articles were selected following the PRISMA methodology. Results: The review demonstrated that nursing staff play a fundamental role in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers, with emphasis on educational interventions, regular monitoring, risk classification, and self-care education. The need for updated protocols and specific strategies in primary care was highlighted, along with improvements in professional training. The benefits of appropriate footwear use and the importance of ongoing research were also underscored. Conclusions: Nursing interventions reduce the incidence of ulcers and amputations, improving the quality of life of patients with diabetes, especially those based on early detection, education, and standardized protocols. Their implementation is challenged by barriers such as insufficient training and support. It is essential to integrate these practices into daily clinical care, strengthen teamwork, and enhance professional training.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ ABAD, CARLOS (Tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, RAQUEL (Chairman)
CELARD PEREZ, PEDRO (Secretary)
VALENZUELA LIMIÑANA, RITA (Member)

Summary
1. Introduction: Triage is a clinical process aimed at classifying patients in emergency departments according to the severity of their condition. This procedure, performed in less than five minutes by trained nursing staff, has the main goal of quickly identifying the patient´s care needs without making a diagnosis. Among the most commonly used triage models in our setting are the Manchester Triage System (MTS) and the Spanish Triage System (SET). Both systems use five levels of priority. Proper implementation improves patient prognosis, optimizes resources, and reduces complications. 2. Objetives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the most commonly used nursing triage models in adult hospital emergency services. 3. Methodology: A literature review was conducted using the following databases and search engines: Medline (PubMed), Dialnet, WOS, CINAHL, and the IACOBUS repository. A total of 11 articles were selected following the PRISMA methodology. 4. Results: Nursing plays a very important role in the Urgency Triage regardless of the system used. The accuracy of this process does not only depend on the employed triage system, but also on external factors such as the professionals’ training, their experience and clinic competence besides the patient characteristics. In the healthcare field that concerns us, it predominates the use of MTS, whose accuracy is considered to be moderate. 5. Conclusion: Nursing-led triage is the most appropriate approach in hospital emergency services (HES), showing moderate accuracy rates and good interobserver agreement. The precision of triage depends more on the training and experience of the professional than on the triage model implemented.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ ABAD, CARLOS (Tutorships)

Court
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, RAQUEL (Chairman)
CELARD PEREZ, PEDRO (Secretary)
VALENZUELA LIMIÑANA, RITA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by alterations in behavior, perception, thinking, and emotions. It is a chronic disorder affecting 1 in 300 people, and whose mortality is up to two to three times higher risk of death compared to the rest of the population. Treatment discontinuation is one of the main reasons why patients suffer relapses and worse prognoses. Objectives: To determine the factors that hinder or worsen therapeutic adherence in patients with schizophrenia. To describe the consequences of non-adherence to medication at the individual and community levels. To define nursing interventions and activities that improve or increase medication adherence. Methodology: In this PRISMA-type systematic review, a preliminary search was conducted to determine the theoretical framework of schizophrenia. A systematic search was then conducted in the databases and search engines PubMed, Dialnet, SciELO, and Web of Science. Filters and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to narrow the search. Results: Fifteen articles were included. The factors implicated in nonadherence include those related to the patient, their income, their quality of life, medication, disease, and behavior. Consequences considered include relapses, worse prognosis, rehospitalizations, increased social and occupational expenses and workload, and an increase in suicide attempts. Nurses play a fundamental role in preventing and treating the problem. Conclusions: Factors that worsen adherence include personal characteristics, illness, environment, quality of life, and medication. The consequences of lack of adherence include increased relapses, rehospitalizations, suicide attempts, and decreased quality of life. Nursing interventions for adherence included forging a therapeutic alliance and psychoeducation.

Direction
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Tutorships)

Court
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ ABAD, CARLOS (Secretary)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system by damaging the myelin of the nerves and altering the transmission of nerve impulses. Currently, there are more than 2,8 million people diagnosed with MS worldwide, with an increase in prevalence in Spain over the last few decades. Although there is no cure, biological therapies appear to be promising treatments for this pathology. Objective: To assess the efficacy of biological therapies in the treatment of MS. Methodology: A PRISMA-type systematic review was conducted. The literature search was conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Elsevier (Scopus) and Web of Science (WoS) databases, using the keywords: “multiple sclerosis”, “biological therapy”, “biological treatment” and “side effects”. Results: 13 articles were included: 12 narrative reviews and 1 systematic review with meta-analysis. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies such as natalizumab or ocrelizumab were effective in reducing disability progression despite safety challenges. Personalised medicine, cell therapies and new generations of antibodies offer a more targeted and safer approach, aiming at neuronal repair and prevention of neurodegeneration in MS. Conclusions: Biological therapies marked a significant advance in the treatment of MS, reducing flares and slowing the progression of disability. Personalised medicine, with immunological and genetic biomarkers, and new strategies such as cellular immunotherapy and stem cell therapies, offer new perspectives to improve efficacy and safety in the treatment of the disease.

Direction
NOVIO MALLON, SILVIA (Tutorships)

Court
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ ABAD, CARLOS (Secretary)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Member)

Summary
Caring for patients with chronic illnesses in psychiatric wards constitutes a clinical, ethical, and organizational challenge for the nursing team due to the complexity of long-term mental disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and borderline personality disorder. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the nursing team in the holistic care of these patients, recognizing intervention approaches that promote treatment adherence, relapse prevention, and increased quality of life. A literature analysis and review was conducted using the Google Scholar, SciELO, Redalyc, PubMed, and Redalyc databases. Key terms were used, such as chronic patient, mental health, emotional well-being, among others. All publications in English or Spanish from 2020 to 2024, with free access and directly related to the aforementioned topic, were considered inclusion criteria. Considering this, 12 articles were selected after applying the aforementioned filters and their academic relevance. Among the selected methodologies, studies influenced by systematic reviews, clinical trials, case studies, and theoretical analyses were considered. The results showed that the most common problems detected in the selected papers were the therapeutic relationship between nurse and patient, suicide prevention, the effectiveness of complementary interventions such as music therapy, user satisfaction, and the lack of specialized training in mental health. It is noteworthy that the majority of participants placed significant emphasis on the link between nursing and human care, and how this should be combined with the motivation to implement less coercive control measures through ethical and person-centered policies. It is also important to mention that nursing staff are committed to caring for patients suffering from chronic psychiatric illnesses, assuming clinical, educational, emotional, and even proactive intervention responsibilities. Best practices include personalized care, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and the use of non-pharmacological strategies, which supports the need for specialized training and the development of protocols tailored to the situation of these patients.

Direction
ANTELO MARTELO, MONICA (Tutorships)

Court
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ ABAD, CARLOS (Secretary)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Member)

Summary
Introduction and Justification: The prevalence and incidence of mental illnesses, particularly depression and anxiety, are increasing every year. Due to the existing connection between the gut and the brain, and the ability of diet to modify the composition of the gut microbiome, research into the role of nutrition in individuals' mental health has gained value in recent years. The aim is to find alternatives to pharmacotherapy that are more accessible to the population in order to prevent or treat mental disorders, with nutritional interventions being one of the proposed options. Objectives: To analyze the relationship between an individual's diet and their mental health status. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed database, employing key terms combined with Boolean operators. The PRISMA protocol was followed, and studies were screened in two phases: the first involved reading the title and abstract, and the second consisted of a full-text review. A total of 13 articles were selected. Results: Groups of nutrients were identified to contribute to a healthy gut ecosystem and improve symptoms of mental illnesses. At the same time, other dietary patterns were found to worsen these symptoms. Some of the systemic effects of diet are inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulation of the HPA axis. Additionally, the Mediterranean diet was classified as the most effective dietary pattern for maintaining good mental health. Conclusion: Maintaining a healthy and balanced diet seems to improve symptoms of several mental illnesses. However, more evidence from controlled trials is needed to evaluate the long-term effects of diet on mental health.

Direction
PAZOS COUSELO, MARCOS (Tutorships)

Court
GANDOY CREGO, MANUEL (Chairman)
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Secretary)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Member)

Summary
Introduction. Pressure ulcers (PU) are injuries that damage the skin and underlying soft tissues as a result of pressure, friction or shear. These lesions become more severe in critically ill patients due to the complexity of their clinical condition and associated factors, making them a frequent problem in intensive care units (ICU). The Braden scale is the main tool used to assess the risk of developing these injuries. Objectives. The main objective of this research was to identify the risk factors related to the appearance of PU in critically ill patients. The secondary objectives were to know the strategies to prevent these injuries in critically ill patients and to analyse the Braden scale as well as to compare it with other scales. Methods. A bibliographic review of the literature was carried out in Dialnet, Pubmed, WOS, Scopus and Cinahl. 14 articles were selected following the PRISMA methodology. Results. There are many risk factors such as advanced age, immobility, length of hospitalization, poor nutrition, medications, mechanical ventilation and high nursing workload. On the other hand, preventive strategies include frequent repositioning, support surfaces, foam dressings, skin and moisture care, educational strategies and the use of pressure ulcer risk assessment scales. The main one is the Braden scale but there are other such as the Waterlow scale and de Jackson/Cubbin scale. Conclusions. PU in critical patients are the result of multiple clinical and care-related risk factors. There are many prevention strategies and their combined and individualized application according to each patient’s need is very effective. The Braden scale is the most used tool, despite its limitations in critically ill patients.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ ABAD, CARLOS (Tutorships)

Court
GANDOY CREGO, MANUEL (Chairman)
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Secretary)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Member)

Summary
Introduction:Breastfeeding provides ideal nourishment for newborns. For this reason, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is recommended for the first six months for all infants. Global EBF rates are ret at 48%, which is well bellow the 70% recommended by the WHO. Several studies have shown that the attitude of healthcare professionals interferes with the establishment of breastfeeding. Objective: The main goal is to identify the needs of breastfeeding mothers regarding the breastfeeding care currently provided by healthcare professionals in our setting. Methodology: The research followed a qualitative methodology, using three focus groups as the primary tool for data collection. These groups included mothers with newborns under six months, mothers with extended breastfeeding, and mothers of premature infants. Meetings were arranged with these groups, during which the shared their experiences. These sessions were recorded for subsequent transcription and analysis. Results: A common feeling of dissatisfaction with the care provided by health care professionals to breastfeeding mothers is described. Participants reported uncommitted practices such as inadequate prenatal preparation or a complete lack of follow-up throughout during all the breastfeeding period. A perceived stigmatization by healthcare professionals was evident, leading to a prioritization of immediate interventions rather than comprehensive approaches that promote its effective establishment. Conclusion: Several needs were identified that breastfeeding mothers felt were not addressed by healthcare professionals. Additionally, it was observed that their role plays a key part in initiating and sustaining breastfeeding. Therefore, the training of healthcare professionals on this topic must be improved.

Direction
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Tutorships)
Torres López, Lorena (Co-tutorships)

Court
GANDOY CREGO, MANUEL (Chairman)
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Secretary)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Member)

Summary
Introduction Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) is characterized by the appearance of physical, cognitive, and psychological sequelae following an intensive care unit (ICU) stay, which may persist after hospital discharge. Due to its high incidence and the significant impact it has on patients’ lives, their families, and the healthcare system, it is essential to implement effective prevention strategies, in which the role of nursing is key. Objectives The main objective is to analyze the role of nursing in the prevention of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS) in hospitalized patients. Methodology This systematic review examines the role of nursing in the prevention of PICS. Studies included were conducted in adults between 2020 and 2025, excluding literature reviews. Searches were carried out in three databases using MeSH and DeCS terms combined with Boolean operators. Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, first by title, then abstract, and finally full text. Results Eight studies were selected, showing that interventions such as early mobilization, adequate pain control, family involvement in care, non-pharmacological interventions, sedation reduction, and daily awakening are effective in minimizing the sequelae of PICS. Conclusions The analysis of the selected studies has demonstrated the key role that the nursing team plays in the prevention of Post-Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). It also highlights the need to continue promoting person-centered multicomponent interventions that support patients’ early recovery and help improve their quality of life after hospital discharge.

Direction
Vidal Martínez, Sandra (Tutorships)

Court
GANDOY CREGO, MANUEL (Chairman)
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Secretary)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Organic Law 1/2023 recognizes menstrual health as a right and decrees that menstrual education must be addressed with a gender perspective. Nowadays, menstruation continues to be taboo, which endangers the health of new generations, who, moreover, use informal sources, with only 4% of them going to health providers. Teaching in educational centers remains insufficient, without addressing emotional or social aspects of menstruation, or introducing the different menstrual products. On the other hand, disposable products have a strong environmental impact; each menstruating person generates 180 kilos of waste in their fertile life, which could be reduced with sustainable alternatives. Objectives: To evaluate the acquisition of knowledge about menstruation after an educational intervention with students in the 3rd year of ESO at La Salle School in Santiago de Compostela. Methods: This study was conducted in compliance with the requirements of the Bioethics Committee, for which the respective authorizations and informed consents were completed. After a bibliographic search, the questionnaire was created to evaluate pre- and post-intervention knowledge and various presentations, used as complementary material during the educational talks. The intervention was divided into a theoretical talk on menstruation and the menstrual cycle, a laboratory on menstrual products and a “Truth or Myth” activity. Once the responses to the two questionnaires were collected, SPSS Statistics software was used to manage the data, which would later be interpreted.

Direction
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Tutorships)

Court
MAGARIÑOS FERRO, BEATRIZ (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ ABAD, CARLOS (Secretary)
PARGA MARTIN, JUAN ANDRES (Member)

Summary
The term “Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault” refers to a range of sexual offenses in which the victim is incapacitated and unable to provide informed consent due to the influence of psychoactive substances. The number of cases is deemed to be underestimated, although this problematic is arising as an increasing trend lately. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to examine the scope and dynamics of DFSA among part of the university community in Galicia, assessing its correlation with identified risk factors. Particularly, the study seeks to investigate potential emotional and sexual education and patterns of internet use, particularly sexting and pornography. Methodology: An observational, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted within the university population enrolled in a degree at Galician University System (SUG). A survey was provided to students using a cluster random sampling method. Results and discussion: A total of 1774 valid responses were collected, of which 16% reported to have experienced some form of DFSA. The fact of being a victim of drug-facilitated sexual assaults is related to higher alcohol consumption on the one hand, and with the use of sexting on the other. Part of the sample who admittedly commit such assaults showed patterns of pornography use classified as problematic, although there is currently insufficient research to establish a direct causal relationship between these factors. Finally, no correlation was found between the emotional and sexual education received and their role as either victims or perpetrators of abuse. Conclusion: Alcohol consumption has proved to be directly related to DFSA cases. Sexting and pornography might provoke risky behaviour and promote to generate situations related with abuse. Emotional and sexual education could potentially serve as a key prevention tool; however, its application must be fit in differently.

Direction
ORDOÑEZ MAYAN, LUCIA (Tutorships)

Court
GANDOY CREGO, MANUEL (Chairman)
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Secretary)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Dementia affects more than 55 million people worldwide. This, combined with the rapid aging of the Spanish population, means that the burden of care falls primarily on informal caregivers, these being women between 50 and 60 years of age without specific training who dedicate more than 40 hours per week to caregiving. The healthcare system only covers 12% of the process, with the remainder being borne by families. All of these factors lead to high caregiver burden, anxiety, and depression in 8 out of 10 caregivers. Objectives: The main objective of the literature review is to analyze potential nursing interventions aimed at reducing stress and burden in informal caregivers of patients with dementia. Method: A literature review was conducted with articles found in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Dialnet using keywords such as Caregiver Education and Dementia. Studies were selected from 2010 to 2015, in English or Spanish, focusing primarily on informal caregivers of patients with dementia at any stage. excluding editorials, isolated cases, texts without full access, or those that did not analyze the caregiver. After applying the criteria described above, 12 articles were selected. Results: The articles analyzed show that the most effective interventions for informal caregivers of patients with dementia are structured psychoeducational interventions and personalized home visits, significantly reducing depression and burden, along with improving self-efficacy and coping skills. Despite this, the studies also confirm that caregivers, mostly without specific training, continue to require more specific practical, psychological, and educational support. Conclusions: Evidence confirms that nursing education and support reduce the burden, anxiety, and depression of informal caregivers of people with dementia, strengthening the quality of care. Therefore, the National Health System should incorporate structured programs and accessible digital platforms adapted to the aging population.

Direction
ANTELO MARTELO, MONICA (Tutorships)

Court
GANDOY CREGO, MANUEL (Chairman)
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Secretary)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting millions of people, characterised by insufficient production or ineffective use of insulin, a hormone essential for regulating glucose. Thanks to technological advances, devices such as the continuous glucose monitor (CGM), the SmartPen or the SmartCap have considerably improved the control of the disease, allowing more accurate monitoring, reducing errors in insulin administration and enhancing the patient's quality of life. Objectives: To analyse the impact of the SmartPen and SmartCap on the metabolic control of patients with diabetes, to study the effect on glucometric parameters, satisfaction and quality of life, and the costs associated with treatment; and to evaluate insulin dose management. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the keywords “diabetes 1”, “diabetes 2”, “smart insulin pen”, “smartpens” and “smartcap”, selecting studies published between 2020 and 2025 in Spanish, English or Portuguese. Results: There is evidence of improved dose management through the use of SmartPen and SmartCap, together with optimisation of glycaemic parameters such as HbA1c, TIR, TBR, TAR, GMI and glycaemic variability. In addition, an increase in patient satisfaction and quality of life is seen, as well as a reduction in costs thanks to the incorporation of these new technological tools. Conclusions: The use of the SmartPen and SmartCap has demonstrated multiple benefits in diabetes management. These new tools allow accurate and automated recording of doses, minimising errors and promoting adherence to treatment. The results show an improvement in overall glycaemic control, as well as in insulin therapy management and patient quality of life.

Direction
PAZOS COUSELO, MARCOS (Tutorships)
Izquierdo Vázquez, Verónica Victoria (Co-tutorships)

Court
GANDOY CREGO, MANUEL (Chairman)
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Secretary)
TAKKOUCHE SOUILAMAS, EL BAHI (Member)

Summary
Background: Despite conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques, cardiac arrest still has a high mortality rate. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) could improve survival and neurological recovery in selected patients with refractory cardiac arrest. Objectives: To evaluate the potential benefits of ECMO in cardiac arrest, including clinical outcomes, neurological recovery, and complications, and to compare them in in-hospital versus out-of-hospital settings. Methods: This systematic review analysed the benefits of ECMO in cardiac arrest. It included studies in adults between 2020 and 2025. Searches were conducted in four databases using MeSH and DeCS terms combined with Boolean operators. Articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and screened by title, abstract, and full text. Results: Seven studies were included, with a total of over 27,000 patients. ECMO was associated with higher survival rates compared to conventional CPR, and it showed better neurological outcomes, although it was linked to a higher risk of complications such as bleeding. Conclusions: Despite the heterogeneity of the studies and their methodological limitations, the results suggest that the use of ECMO in cardiac arrest may improve survival and neurological recovery in selected patients.

Direction
Iglesias Vázquez, Jose Antonio (Tutorships)

Court
FERNANDEZ VARELA, JUAN MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ JARTIN, JESUS MARIA (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ COBOS, MARIA ANGELES (Member)

Summary
The pediatric-type diffuse high-grade glioma is one of the most aggressive childhood cancers, with very low survival rates. Although the new classification widened the diagnostic range, therapeutic difficulty remains the main problem common to all. More specifically, the high-grade pediatric glioma IDH-wildtype and H3-wildtype, has molecular and spatial characteristics that hinder both diagnosis and treatment planning. This results in tumor recurrence with poor prognosis. Active research has resulted in an increase in potentially effective therapies aimed at improving life expectancy. The main objective of this work is to identify current treatments for pediatric-type diffuse high- grade glioma IDH-wildtype and H3-wildtype. In addition, the molecular characteristics and the main limitations associated with its therapeutic options will be described, as well as the role and nursing care for pediatric patients. A narrative review was conducted, in various databases, of which a total of 12 articles were selected according to pre-established selection criteria. The reviewed studies highlight a large promising therapeutic range in pre-clinical or clinical stages, with immunotherapy being the preferred option. The active research in place is continually providing new possible treatments aimed at establishing an effective and universal one. The authors of these articles highlight the anatomical and molecular problem of the tumor that hinders therapeutic effectiveness. It is necessary to overcome these problems in order to achieve effective treatment. Nursing skills in the care of patients with this tumor cover the entire process from diagnosis and treatment to follow-up and palliative care. The role of nursing is essential and a support for many patients and family members.

Direction
REY BRETAL, DAVID (Tutorships)

Court
FERNANDEZ VARELA, JUAN MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ JARTIN, JESUS MARIA (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ COBOS, MARIA ANGELES (Member)

Summary
Introduction. Breast cancer represents a major health problem today. Scientific evidence shows the benefits of physical exercise as a healthy lifestyle habit in the different phases of the oncological process, both physically and psychosocially, and even as a preventative measure. However, its integration from the most basic and accessible levels of care, such as Family and Community care, continues to be scarce and very necessary. Objectives. This research project aims to design and evaluate the feasibility and impact of a physical prehabilitation program in women diagnosed with breast cancer in the Santiago de Compostela and Barbanza Health Area. Methods. It is proposed the development of an intervention from the Health Centers in a multidisciplinary way, which includes different physical exercise sessions, both aerobic and strength training. A quasi-experimental pre-post study will be developed, composed of two groups of patients who will meet specific clinical criteria and will be evaluated both at the beginning and at the end of the intervention with indicators such as cardiorespiratory capacity, muscle strength, bone density and quality of life. Satisfaction and adherence to the program will also be measure. Expected results. It is expected to maintain or improve the physical functionality and emotional well-being of the patients. In addition, it is expected to show the organizational viability of an integrated project of physical exercise in Primary Care for oncology patients with an individualized, accessible, and evidence-based approach.

Direction
DIAZ GEADA, AINARA (Tutorships)

Court
FERNANDEZ VARELA, JUAN MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ JARTIN, JESUS MARIA (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ COBOS, MARIA ANGELES (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Stroke is an acute neurological disorder caused by disturbances in cerebral circulation, either by ruptured blood vessels (hemorrhagic stroke) or by obstruction of blood flow (ischemic stroke), the latter being the most common. The most common symptoms include weakness on one side of the body, difficulty speaking, vision loss, severe headache, and dizziness. Objective: To analyze the various guidelines for managing stroke codes in different European countries, including Spain, compare these action plans with the recommendations of the European Stroke Organization, and analyze the stroke codes of the Autonomous Communities of Spain. Methods: A systematic bibliographic review was carried out according to Prisma, 2020. To compile the information, databases, search engines and institutional websites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, the publishing house Elsevier, the official websites of the National Health System of each Autonomous Community of Spain, the official website of the European Stroke Organization, the official website of the National Clinical Guideline for Stoke for the United Kingdom and Ireland and the official website of the Italian Stroke Association were used. Results: Twenty-three articles were evaluated that addressed stroke management in different European countries, including Spain and its 17 Autonomous Communities, and the characteristics of the Stroke Units and Teams present in Spain. Conclusions: An analysis of stroke action plans in Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Portugal reveals similarities in the treatment of acute stroke, but also significant differences in aspects such as primary and secondary prevention, hospital transfer, and rehabilitation. In Spain, although clinical management is similar across Autonomous Communities, there are inequalities in the distribution and staffing of Stroke Units and Teams.

Direction
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Tutorships)

Court
FERNANDEZ VARELA, JUAN MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ JARTIN, JESUS MARIA (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ COBOS, MARIA ANGELES (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Physical activity (PA) provides multiple benefits; however, 31% of the adult population does not engage in it, with this deficit being greater in university students. Factors such as motivations, perceived barriers, gender, field of study, environment, and substance use influence its practice. Objectives: The main objective is to analyze the practice of PA in USC students and the main motivations and perceived barriers. Secondary objectives include examining the influence of gender, field of knowledge, and substance use on this practice. Methodology: Observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study with 2318 students from USC. A questionnaire was administered in 2023 on PA, motivations, barriers, and substance use. A bivariate analysis was performed using SPSS v27. Results: 54.7% of the students do not meet the WHO recommendations for moderate PA and 66.6% do not meet the recommendations for intense activity. The main motivation for practicing it is improving physical condition (48.7%). The main barrier is lack of time (61.7%). The male gender meets the recommendations for intense PA more than the female gender (52.5% vs. 27%), with competition and social relationships being their respective motivations. Students from fields other than Health Sciences meet the recommendations for moderate PA (48.1%) and intense PA (41.4%) more. The same applies to people who have consumed alcohol at least once (46.4% for moderate PA and 42.1% for intense PA). Conclusions: Given the low level of PA in students, it is important to launch projects that promote PA practice at the University, adapting the offer to the daily reality of students and considering their specific constraints.

Direction
DIAZ GEADA, AINARA (Tutorships)

Court
FERNANDEZ VARELA, JUAN MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ JARTIN, JESUS MARIA (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ COBOS, MARIA ANGELES (Member)

Summary
Introduction The alarming increase in overweight prevalence, affecting nearly 250 million people worldwide, has prompted the search for new strategies to address the issue. Semaglutides, originally developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, have gained popularity in recent years due to their secondary effect of weight loss. Although semaglutides are currently the drug associated with the greatest weight loss, their use has sparked controversy due to their increasing usage for aesthetic purposes and the resulting shortage that hinders access for diabetic patients. Despite the relevance of the topic, the ethical and practical perceptions of patients and nurses regarding the prescription of this type of medication remain unknown. Objetives This research project aims to determine the preferences of patients and nurses regarding the use of semaglutides for weight loss in comparison with the adoption of healthy lifestyle practices. Methods Type of study: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional. Study setting and selection criteria: the study will include a) adult patients of both sexes attending consultations at the Conxo Health Center; and b) active nurses of both sexes working in the Santiago de Compostela and Barbanza Health Area. Sample size and participant recruitment: a total of 343 patients and 452 nurses will be recruited through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data collection: data will be collected using ad hoc self-administered questionnaires. The nurse questionnaire consists of 18 questions covering sociodemographic aspects, knowledge, safety, and perceptions regarding semaglutides. The patient questionnaire consists of 23 questions addressing sociodemographic aspects, knowledge, safety, and perceptions about semaglutides, as well as alternatives to semaglutides.

Direction
NOVIO MALLON, SILVIA (Tutorships)
Mosteiro Miguéns, Diego Gabriel (Co-tutorships)

Court
FERNANDEZ VARELA, JUAN MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ JARTIN, JESUS MARIA (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ COBOS, MARIA ANGELES (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Breast milk is the most complete food for the infant and, for this reason, the WHO recommends its exclusivity up to 6 months. In Spain, despite the existence of work permits and the recommendation of other support measures, such as breaks during the working day and the creation of equipped rooms, one out of every three mothers abandons breastfeeding because she is unable to make it compatible with her return to work. Objective: To analyze the influence of organizational variables on the abandonment of breastfeeding in a sample of women in the Galician Autonomous Community. Methodology: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of 693 mothers whose children were born in Galicia between 2018 and 2024 and who breastfed at least until the proximity of their return to work. The data were collected through a questionnaire developed ad hoc, which was disseminated through social networks. Sociodemographic and organizational variables were studied. Results: 57.29% of the mothers had no impact on their return to work, 36.07% reduced the amount of breast milk and 6.64% abandoned breastfeeding. The impact was greater among those who joined before 6 months (chi2 = 4.802; p-value = 0.028). A statistically significant relationship was established between the working day and the influence on the desired duration of breastfeeding (chi2 = 4.802; p-value = 0.028), as well as between the availability of conditioned rooms and the maintenance of breastfeeding (chi2 = 368.769; p-value = 0.000). Thirteen percent had a breastfeeding room at work. 79.8% considered leave to be key to work-life balance. Conclusion: It is necessary to create more breastfeeding rooms at work, to encourage breaks during the working day and to increase leave for infant care.

Direction
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Tutorships)
Torres López, Lorena (Co-tutorships)

Court
FERNANDEZ VARELA, JUAN MANUEL (Chairman)
GONZALEZ JARTIN, JESUS MARIA (Secretary)
RODRIGUEZ COBOS, MARIA ANGELES (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Hormonal contraception is widely used in developed countries, both to prevent pregnancy and to treat hormonal disorders, in combination or with progestins alone. However, since early 2010, there has been a significant debate regarding its effectiveness and potential side effects. Aim: To analyze the effects of hormonal contraception on women's health. Methods: A systematic review of the scientific literature was conducted between December 2024 and April 2025 in the Medline (Pubmed) and Sciencedirect databases. The terms: oral contraception, hormonal contraception, emergency contraception, side effects, levonorgestrel, and breast cancer were used. Results: Fourteen studies were selected (five systematic reviews (two of which included meta-analyses) and five narrative reviews, two observational studies, one descriptive study, and one clinical guideline). The reviewed studies show a slightly increased risk of breast cancer in current or recent users of combined hormonal contraceptives, especially with prolonged use or early initiation. Furthermore, they confirm that levonorgestrel is an effective emergency contraceptive, the adverse effects of which are usually mild and transient. Conclusion: Oral contraceptives and emergency contraception represent significant progress in fertility control and reproductive autonomy. Although they may present certain risks and side effects, they play a fundamental role in family planning and the prevention of unwanted pregnancies. Clinical practice requires conscious and evidence-based prescribing.

Direction
NOVIO MALLON, SILVIA (Tutorships)

Court
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: stroke is a disturbance of cerebral blood flow that is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. Early diagnosis is essential, and tools such as clinical scores, biomarkers and portable screening devices could optimize it if used in combination. Justification and objectives: stroke represents a high-impact medical emergency. The primary objective is to evaluate the impact of combining clinical scales with biomarkers and portable screening devices. The secondary objectives are to review each of these diagnostic tools. Hypothesis: the combination of these tools improves diagnostic accuracy, avoiding unnecessary transfers and reducing the saturation of specialized centers. Methods: a literature review was conducted according to the 2020 PRISMA Declaration, consulting the databases Pubmed, Medline or SciELO, as well as scientific journals. Recent and/or relevant articles in English and Spanish on stroke, scales, biomarkers, screening devices and prehospital diagnosis were included. Results: clinical scales with good sensitivity and applicability are detailed, such as the RACE, LAMS and CPSSS. Biomarkers such as NR2, S100B and D-Dimer provide quick and objective information. Portable screening devices such as microwave screening and impedance spectroscopy show good diagnostic results. Their combination improves diagnostic accuracy. Discussion and conclusions: this review analyzes three diagnostic tools, highlighting that their combination is suitable for diagnosis, since the multimodal approach increases sensitivity and specificity. It is recommended to promote research for prehospital applications in the future.

Direction
Iglesias Vázquez, Jose Antonio (Tutorships)

Court
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Member)

Summary
- INTRODUCTION: Smart glasses are portable electronic devices, similar to conventional ones, that allow users to view digital information and communicate in real time hands-free. Due to their features, their use has begun to emerge in the field of nursing, where their potential contributions to clinical practice are being explored, generating diverse opinions among professionals who have used them. - GOALS: Based on the hypothesis that nursing professionals perceive smart glasses as a useful tool that can enhance clinical care, the aim of this review is to analyze the perceptions of nurses who have used them, as well as to identify the benefits and limitations they present in clinical application. - METHODOLOGY: A literature review was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Initially, 74 articles were found, of which 9 were selected after applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, as they met the objectives of the study. - RESULTS: Nurses participating in the reviewed studies described their experience with smart glasses as mostly positive, highlighting their usefulness in clinical situations. They valued the ability to access information without interrupting patient care and the improvement in team communication. However, they also noted drawbacks such as technical issues, physical discomfort, and concerns regarding patient privacy. - CONCLUSIONS: Smart glasses are perceived as a promising tool in nursing, provided that their implementation is supported by training and technical assistance. Nevertheless, there are limitations in their implementation that require further research and adaptation to real-world practice.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, ANTONIO (Tutorships)

Court
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Member)

Summary
Introduction. The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the University Clinical Hospital of Santiago lacked a specific welcome guide for families admitted to the unit. In order to move towards the humanization of care, a guide for families was implemented to help them during hospitalization. It is important to evaluate the families' satisfaction with the guide during the hospital stay in order to ensure its usefulness and improvement in future versions. Objective. To analyze the level of satisfaction of the families with respect to the welcome guide provided to them on admission to the unit. Material and methods. Prospective observational study aimed at mothers, fathers and legal guardians of children admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. It was carried out in March and April 2025. The convenience sampling technique was used. A total of 30 questionnaires of 16 questions were distributed, which evaluated the following variables on a scale of 1 to 10: understanding, organization and usefulness of the guide, information on the unit, impact and emotional and format. Results. The sample consisted of 21 participants. The items that evaluated the comprehension, organization and usefulness of the guide obtained a mean score of 9.2 or higher. The evaluation of the information about the unit obtained a mean of 9.1-9.5. Those evaluating the communicative and emotional impact obtained mean scores of 8.3-8.6. Including new formats obtained a mean of 8.3. Conclusions. The degree of satisfaction with the guide is high. It is considered that the information provided covers the basic needs of the families and helps them during the hospitalization process. The results obtained show that the guide is a useful tool that will be habitually incorporated to improve the quality of care and promote the humanization of care.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, ANTONIO (Tutorships)

Court
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRPs) aim to improve the survival and quality of life of cardiac patients, addressing psychological and sexual aspects, social relationships, and increasing the rate of return to work, while preventing readmissions. Objectives: To assess the clinical relevance of nursing care in this field, identify potential areas for improvement in nurse-led CRPs, and compare online versus in-person follow-up. Methods: A literature review was conducted on publications from 2020 to 2025 using various databases such as Scielo, Scopus, Medline, and CINAHL. Results: Nursing interventions in these patients help reduce mortality, hospital readmissions, length of hospitalization, and complication rates. They also significantly improve quality of life by enhancing physical, psychological, and social parameters. However, there is still a need to strengthen nurse training in this field and to develop innovative strategies to improve adherence. Despite technological limitations, the results suggest that online CR can be an effective, flexible, and inclusive alternative. Conclusion: The nursing role is essential in CRPs, not only in clinical practice but also as a manager and innovator in the design and adaptation of CR models. To achieve this, specific and ongoing training for these professionals is crucial so that patients can receive the maximum benefit.

Direction
FERNANDEZ VARELA, JUAN MANUEL (Tutorships)

Court
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU) are a potential complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), representing the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations and imparing patients quality of life. Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) has emerged alongside other advanced therapies as a treatment option for hard-to-heal wounds, and its aplication in DFUs has been increasinly studied in recent years. Objective: To determine the efficacy of NPWT in the treatment of DFUs Methodology: A literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 statement, using the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cinahl and Dialnet. Results: Most of the studies reviewed indicate NPWT is significantly superior to other treatment modalities in the evaluated indicators: granulation tissue formation, wound area reduction, percentage of patients achieving healing and time required to reach the latter. Conclutions: NPWT has demonstrated superiority in the evaluated efficacy indicators, but further studies are needed in healthcare contexts more similar to the Spanish reality, as well as qualitative studies to explore patients opinions and experiences with NPWT treatment.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, RAQUEL (Tutorships)

Court
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite strong evidence supporting cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs, their implementation remains suboptimal. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of CR in reducing mortality, hospital readmissions, and improving quality of life in post-infarction patients. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A bibliographic search was performed from January to April 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE and ScienceDirect. Studies published between 2020 and 2025 in English or Spanish were included. Inclusion criteria were based on the PICOS model. Results: Twelve studies with a total of 119,301 patients were included. CR was associated with a reduced risk of mortality (specially in women), fewer hospital readmissions and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and significant improvements in physical, emotional, and social quality of life. Discussion: While some studies presented methodological limitations or heterogeneity, overall evidence supports the systematic implementation of CR as an effective post-AMI strategy. Conclusion: CR is associated with a substantial reduction in mortality and rehospitalizations, and improves quality of life, particularly when started early. Funding: No external funding declared. Registration: Not applicable

Direction
FERNANDEZ VARELA, JUAN MANUEL (Tutorships)

Court
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder resulting from the interaction between genetic endowment and various neurobiological and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors, the use of psychoactive substances plays a relevant role. In this paper, special attention is paid to cannabis use, in order to analyse to what extent it may act as a risk factor or trigger in the development of schizophrenia. Objective: to analyse the influence of cannabis use on the development of schizophrenia and to determine the risk factors associated with its use. Methodology: a literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Google Scholar and SciELO databases, in addition to journals such as The Lancet and Translational Psychiatry, and documents from surveys and reports published by official bodies such as the Ministry of Health. From a total of 383 articles, 12 were selected for final analysis. Results: The studies reviewed point to a significant association between cannabis use and the development of schizophrenia, especially in genetically predisposed individuals. Recent evidence suggests a possible causal relationship, while others highlight a complex interaction between environmental and biological factors. Variables such as frequency, cannabis potency and age of onset emerge as key elements in modulating risk. Conclusion: Cannabis use is not a direct cause of schizophrenia, but acts as an environmental factor that may influence its onset in predisposed individuals. Evidence suggests that variables such as early onset, frequency and potency of use shape a profile of increased vulnerability. This multifactorial perspective highlights the importance of implementing preventive measures aimed at sensitive populations.

Direction
ANTELO MARTELO, MONICA (Tutorships)

Court
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA COUCEIRO, NURIA (Member)

Summary
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is used in neurology for diagnosis early dementia including AD. For this type in particular PET FDG, amyloid PET and tau PET are used. Objectives: The general objective of this review is to assess the scientific evidence of PET in AD and as specific objectives to evaluate the effectiveness of PET in the diagnosis of AD and to study the information provided by each of the FDG PET, amyloid PET and PET techniques. PET tau.

Direction
Aguiar Fernández, Pablo (Tutorships)

Court
FARALDO ROCA, PEDRO (Chairman)
JORGE SOTO, CRISTINA (Secretary)
MUÑOZ PATIÑO, ANA MARIA (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Occupational stress in nursing arises as a response to demands that exceed an individual's capacities, particularly in high-pressure environments. This situation leads to emotional exhaustion and both physical and psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Furthermore, it also affects the quality of care, increasing the risk of medical errors and reducing patient satisfaction. Burnout directly impacts nurses’ well-being and overall professional performance. Objectives: The main objectives of this review were to identify risk factors associated with stress among nursing staff and to evaluate the effectiveness of different interventions aimed at reducing stress. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to assess studies on stress among nurses in medical-surgical units. The literature search includes articles in both English and Spanish from the PubMed, Scopus, SciELO and WOS databases. 12 relevant studies were selected using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The New Castle Ottawa and CASPe tools weres used to ensure the quality of the selected articles. Results: Nurse burnout is influenced by various factors, including self-fulfillment, ageism, personality traits, job satisfaction, and sleep-related issues. Studies show that negative work environments, lack of professional fulfillment, and personal experiences of stress and discrimination can increase the risk of burnout. Interventions such as artificial intelligence tools, mindfulness, relaxation techniques, yoga, and educational programs have proven effective in reducing stress and improving well-being. These strategies not only help alleviate emotional exhaustion but also promote nurses’ quality of life both at work and in their personal lives. Conclusion: Burnout in nursing is a complex phenomenon shaped by personal, professional, and social factors. Interventions must address both individual well-being and workplace conditions, fostering an inclusive and flexible environment. Self-fulfillment, compassion satisfaction, and work-life balance are key protective factors in preventing burnout.

Direction
VARELA LEMA, MARIA LEONOR (Tutorships)

Court
COSTA BESADA, MARIA ALICIA (Chairman)
Vidal Martínez, Sandra (Secretary)
Iglesias Vázquez, Jose Antonio (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative, progressive, and incurable condition, typically affecting individuals over the age of 65. As it progresses, it causes cognitive deterioration that impacts the physical, psychological, and social spheres of the person affected. In many cases, patients are cared for in nursing homes, where nurses play a key role in delivering personalized and humanized care. Objectives: The main objective is to describe nursing care strategies for the appropriate management of patients with moderate or severe AD. Additional objectives include identifying the characteristics of effective interpersonal communication with patients and proposing nursing interventions and activities based on the most frequently identified diagnoses. Methodology: This study is a systematic literature review using the databases PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Dialnet, WoS, and Medline. The MeSH terms Alzheimer disease, nurs care*, nursing homes, and communication, along with their DeCS equivalents, were combined using Boolean operator AND to construct the search equations. Results: The review highlights nursing interventions at the residential level, addressing the physical, psychological, and social domains to ensure appropriate patient care. As AD is a progressive and incurable disease, the definition of palliative care plans that preserve comfort and dignity is essential. Likewise, effective professional-patient communication is crucial, requiring specific strategies and adaptations. Conclusion: Providing humanized and individualized care is essential in managing patients with AD. Nurses must apply a holistic approach to meet the evolving needs of each patient as the disease advances. Non-pharmacological interventions can positively impact several aspects of the disease and help ensure a dignified and comfortable experience for the patient.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, RAQUEL (Tutorships)

Court
COSTA BESADA, MARIA ALICIA (Chairman)
Vidal Martínez, Sandra (Secretary)
Iglesias Vázquez, Jose Antonio (Member)

Summary
INTRODUCTION: In Europe and Spain, out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest (OHCA) is one of the main causes of mortality. Rapid and effective intervention based on BLS techniques is essential to increase survival rates significantly, as well as the early use of AED devices, increasing the probability of survival by 70% when defibrillation is performed early. In this context, the educational environment represents a strategic and fundamental environment to apply these competencies to the population, promoting them from an early age. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the progress of the skills and competencies acquired by schoolchildren during the training program on the use of AEDs in three consecutive academic years. METHODS: A controlled simulation study was carried out with a quasi-experimental design, composed of 168 secondary school students who received initial practical training on BLS and the use of AED, in addition to annual training by the Physical Education teacher as reminders, during the three editions carried out. There were two 50-minute sessions per edition. Data were collected through a standardized evaluation sheet to assess the performance of schoolchildren in the same simulation scenario. RESULTS: Significant improvements were reflected in some dimensions as the edition progressed. The AED request (D1) (p less than 0.001), positioning after arrival (D2) (p less than 0.001), applying compressions while loading (D6) (p=0.002), and unloading (D8) (p=0.021), were the skills that improved significantly. There were no large significant differences by gender and course. CONCLUSIONS: The training program demonstrated some effectiveness in progressively improving the skills of schoolchildren in the handling of the AED. However, it did not obtain statistically significant improvements in all dimensions. The importance of continuing to reinforce the contents of BLS and the use of the AED in schoolchildren is emphasized.

Direction
MARTINEZ ISASI, SANTIAGO (Tutorships)

Court
COSTA BESADA, MARIA ALICIA (Chairman)
Vidal Martínez, Sandra (Secretary)
Iglesias Vázquez, Jose Antonio (Member)

Summary
A birth plan is a tool that allows pregnant women to write down their wishes regarding childbirth. This document serves as a link between the professional and the patient, facilitating respect for the autonomy of the parturient. Ideally, the plan would be developed between the future mother and the midwife during a nursing examination between weeks 28 and 32 of pregnancy. This work is a systematic review of Spain´s public system available birth plans, in order to compare the different plans between autonomous communities. The objective is to explore their similarities and differences, focusing on the most controversial and debated aspects and explaining the role of nursing in creating the birth plan and its intervention at the different stages. The most relevant ethical issues will also be analyzed, mainly related to the limits of patient autonomy and professional conduct.

Direction
TABERNERO DUQUE, MARIA JESÚS (Tutorships)

Court
COSTA BESADA, MARIA ALICIA (Chairman)
Vidal Martínez, Sandra (Secretary)
Iglesias Vázquez, Jose Antonio (Member)

Summary
GLP-1 (glucagon-like-peptide-1) is an incretin hormone released by L-cells in the blood or colon, which acts through receptors found in various parts of the body in response to food intake, playing a key role in regulating glucose metabolism. Interest in GLP-1 (GLP-1RA) receptor agonists has increased due to their role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (DM2) and obesity. Both conditions are closely related to other pathologies such as cardiovascular, neurological or hepatic, which is why the aim is to determine the impact of this treatment on these pathologies. To this end, the PubMed, Cochrane and Medline databases were reviewed, obtaining a total of 14 clinical trials that met the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on this, we can indicate that GLP-1RA has been shown to be effective not only for glycemic control and body weight, but also in the incidence of cardiovascular events or neuroprotection. Similarly, treatment with GLP-1RA has been shown to be a favorable option in certain cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, where therapeutic alternative is scarce. It can be concluded that GLP-1RA treatments have demonstrated a potent antihyperglycemic effect with low risk of hypoglycemia, reducing weight in overweight or obese patients and providing cardiovascular and kidney protection. However, its use may be limited mainly by its high cost and subcutaneous administration, with the exception of Semaglutide which can also be administered orally. However, current data support the use of GLP-1RA in a variety of pathologies, opening the door to new therapeutic options, positioning these drugs as a promising option beyond metabolic control.

Direction
GARCIA ALONSO, ANGEL (Tutorships)

Court
COSTA BESADA, MARIA ALICIA (Chairman)
Vidal Martínez, Sandra (Secretary)
Iglesias Vázquez, Jose Antonio (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Aphasia is a language impairment acquired after brain damage that affects both functional communication and the psychosocial well-being of those who suffer from it. Given the importance of communication between patients and nursing staff to ensure good clinical management and to promote a positive emotional state in patients, it is important to analyze and reflect on the role of nursing in interventions designed for patients with aphasia. Objective: To analyze the interventions used in the management and rehabilitation of adult patients with aphasia, with special attention to the role of nursing within them. To determine whether it would be necessary to strengthen the involvement of nursing staff. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, consulting the PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases using search equations based on the PIO research question. Primary studies published between 2014 and 2025 in English or Spanish were included. The methodological quality of these studies was assessed using CASPe and JBI tools. Results: Thirteen studies with results and five protocols were selected. The most effective interventions were those that were personalized, intensive, and functionality-focused. Nursing involvement was limited, although qualitative studies revealed a willingness among nursing staff to participate more actively in the rehabilitation process. Conclusion: The management of aphasia is an active field of research, and there is currently no universal therapeutic strategy, requiring individualized treatment. With the current approach, nursing plays a secondary role, however, due to the importance of their work, training and inclusion of nursing staff in care guidelines in this area is necessary. This would allow for the provision of quality care and contribute to the rehabilitation process of patients.

Direction
VIEITES PRADO, ALBA (Tutorships)

Court
COSTA BESADA, MARIA ALICIA (Chairman)
Vidal Martínez, Sandra (Secretary)
Iglesias Vázquez, Jose Antonio (Member)

Summary
Introduction Stroke ranks among the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, often resulting in motor sequelae and neuropsychiatric complications, including cognitive impairment and depression, which significantly impact quality of life and hinder functional recovery. Objective To analyze cognitive status and depressive symptoms in patients who have experienced an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Methodology Analytical, observational, cohort and prospective study conducted in the Neurology and Neurosurgery Unit of the Lucus Augusti University Hospital. Results The sample consisted of 36 patients (83.3% with ischemic stroke and 16.7% with transient ischemic attack), with a mean age of 69.17 years (+/-11.71), of whom 27.8% were women. The mean scores at discharge and follow-up consultation were as follows: depression (8.03+/-9.63 and 6.08+/-6.83), cognitive status (26.7+/-3.62 and 28.31+/-2), and functional dependence (95.14+/-13 at both time points). Significant correlations were observed between functional dependence at discharge and at follow-up (p=0.001), as well as with depressive symptoms (p=0.001) and cognitive impairment at discharge (p=0.013) and follow-up (p=0.012). Functional dependence at follow-up was also correlated with depressive symptoms at discharge (p=0.001) and follow-up (p=0.001), as well as with cognitive status at discharge (p=0.047) and follow-up (p=0.022). Additionally, depressive symptoms at discharge were correlated with symptoms at follow-up (p=0.044) and with cognitive status at discharge (p=0.047) and follow-up (p=0.022). Conclusion The analysis suggests improvements in cognitive status and reductions in depressive symptoms from discharge to the follow-up visit. The significant correlations observed between functional dependence, cognitive status, and depressive symptoms emphasize the interconnectedness of these factors in the recovery process. These findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive assessment to optimize functional outcomes.

Direction
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Tutorships)
Bermello López, Mª Lourdes (Co-tutorships)

Court
COSTA BESADA, MARIA ALICIA (Chairman)
Vidal Martínez, Sandra (Secretary)
Iglesias Vázquez, Jose Antonio (Member)

Summary
Introduction: A 33,6% of high-performance athletes experience anxiety symptoms, but research on non-professional athletes are scarce. The Concello de Vedra has numerous adult teams and there were not any significant reports about mental illness in the town council. Objectives: To design and to establish the efficacy of an educative intervention to control stress and anxiety on non-professional athletes in Vedra. Methods: This is a prospective study that evaluatesthe effectiveness of an intervention plan designed to provide participants with strategies to manage stress and anxiety levels, while also increasing their performance. The plan is based on cognitive-behavioural therapy, and it consists of 7 sessions distributed across the end of the previous season and the beginning and ending of the following season. To measure the study variables, the DASS-21 survey, the Perceived Stress Scale and a survey developed by the study team will be used. These will be filled out at the end of the previous season and at the end of the intervention season.

Direction
ORDOÑEZ MAYAN, LUCIA (Tutorships)

Court
SACO LOPEZ, PEDRO JOSE (Chairman)
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Secretary)
GARCIA GARCIA, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
INTRODUCTION: Ischemic wounds of the lower limbs represent a pathology that affects a high portion of the population, in consequence a decreasing quality of life. For this reason, in the past years, new methods have been studied for early diagnosis and prevention of these type of wounds. The ITB and Doppler Ultrasound are two non-invasive and highly used methods for prevention and diagnosis. Weight control and avoiding tobacco are also studied as preventive measures against this type of wound. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After establishing an inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles were selected by critical reading. Various databases were used for the search, along with keywords combined with Boolean operators OR and AND to find relevant articles. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 13 articles were included, which allowed, by some data analysis, to assess the severity of the wounds, the type of care, and the most effective prevention methods to avoid ischemic wounds of the lower limb. CONCLUSION: The ITB and Doppler Ultrasound are effective for diagnosing ischemic wounds of the lower limbs. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that daily habits, such as avoiding tobacco and proper footwear use, help prevent their occurrence. Furthermore, it is shown that damp cure remains the best approach for proper healing.

Direction
FERNANDEZ VARELA, JUAN MANUEL (Tutorships)

Court
SACO LOPEZ, PEDRO JOSE (Chairman)
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Secretary)
GARCIA GARCIA, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Over time, neonatal care in NICUs has evolved significantly. Today, the focus is on optimizing the neurological potential and development of premature newborns to ensure a better quality of life in the future. Within this context, Developmentally and Family-Centered Care has emerged, promoting a respectful approach tailored to the needs of the newborn and encouraging the direct involvement of families. Objective: To conduct a systematic review on humanized care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Methods: A systematized literature review was carried out by consulting scientific databases (PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane Library), scientific journals (Elsevier), websites of professional associations and official organizations, and Google Scholar. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 articles were selected for analysis. Results: Humanized care provides several benefits for the newborn, such as greater physiological stability, reduced stress, improved neurological development, and better sleep patterns. Parental involvement in care supports emotional bonding and facilitates adaptation to the newborn’s condition. Nursing professionals are primarily responsible for implementing this methodology and lead most of the interventions. On the other hand, several challenges were identified, including a lack of training, work overload, and environmental limitations. Conclusions: Humanized care in NICUs is essential for delivering comprehensive care, but it must be supported with proper training and resources to be effectively implemented.

Direction
GANDOY CREGO, MANUEL (Tutorships)

Court
SACO LOPEZ, PEDRO JOSE (Chairman)
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Secretary)
GARCIA GARCIA, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
Introduction: in recent years, the prevalence of STIs has increased worldwide. In this context, adolescents constitute a vulnerable group for adopting risky sexual behaviors. They point to the Internet and pornography as sources of sex education, but pornography consumption is related to a higher propensity for risky sexual practices and sexual dissatisfaction. Objectives: to analyze the impact of information about sexuality on the Internet on the adoption of risky sexual behaviors among the adolescent population. In addition, to identify which behaviors are being adopted and the main sources of health education they use. Methodology: a cross-sectional descriptive study was proposed. A total of 1,867 students (n=1.867) between 12 and 18 years old enrolled in educational centers in the province of Lugo participated. The data, corresponding to the first wave of the SEGcohort project, were collected through surveys administered between January and June 2024. Independent variables such as demographic, socioeconomic data, pornography consumption, and health information were analyzed, as well as dependent variables related to sexual health. Results: a high percentage of participants adopt risky sexual behaviors, such as not using condoms or consuming alcohol and drugs in sexual contexts. The most frequently mentioned sources of health education are parents or legal guardians, followed by the Internet and social media, and healthcare professionals. In addition, girls who reported consuming pornography show a higher prevalence of sexual relations under the influence of alcohol and drugs [RP=1.41; 95%CI (1.08-1.84)]. Conclusions: the results obtained highlight the lack of sex education during adolescence, making it urgent to implement affective-sexual education programs and to incorporate the school nurse, in order to provide adolescents with the necessary tools to live their sexuality in a more informed and safer way.

Direction
DIAZ GEADA, AINARA (Tutorships)
González Casals, Helena (Co-tutorships)

Court
SACO LOPEZ, PEDRO JOSE (Chairman)
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Secretary)
GARCIA GARCIA, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Due to the need for mechanical ventilation and other painful procedures, critically ill patients in the ICU are subjected to analgesic sedation regimens. This is a combination of drugs intended to reduce pain, agitation and anxiety in severely sick patients. Doses must be adjusted based on pain and sedation levels, through continuous assessment using valid and reliable scales to avoid drug underdoses and overdoses. Aims: The main goal is to link the use of action protocols and the implementation of multidisciplinary interventions with improved clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. Methodology: This systematic review examines the relationship between the use of intervention protocols and improved clinical outcomes. Studies conducted in adults aged 18 years and older between 2015 and 2025 were included. Four databases were searched using MeSH and DeCS terms combined with boolean operators. Articles were screened by title, then by abstract and full text, and finally by quality assessment. Results: Thirteen articles were selected for the systematic review. The results show the effectiveness of intervention protocols with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, as well as the use of additional analgesics and sedatives and a lower incidence of delirium. Opioids are particularly important as the main analgesics, and propofol, dexmedetomidine or ketamine are the most used sedatives, avoiding the administration of benzodiazepines due to their association with increased delirium. Conclusions: Thanks to all the information gathered, it can be stated that a good regimen of analgesia supplemented with continuous light sedation is essential in the analgesic sedation process. This practice helps reduce the time on mechanical ventilation, the need for additional medications and decreases the occurrence of delirium in the ICU.

Direction
Vidal Martínez, Sandra (Tutorships)

Court
SACO LOPEZ, PEDRO JOSE (Chairman)
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Secretary)
GARCIA GARCIA, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Within a multidisciplinary team, the specialist nurse carries out care that goes beyond the physicak and biological pathology. The mental health patient is characteristic among other, the psyquichiatric pathology in most of the cases is chronic, therefore, the care provided by the mental health professions will be supported by social and interpersonal skills that help to stabilise the disease and community and family reintegration. Objectives: the systematic review focuses mainly on the seacrh and investigation of the origin of the figure of the psyquiatric nurse, the fundamental care and interventions carried out by the same and the risk factors that lead to frequent hospital readmissions from the nursing perspective. Methodology: the search was made by using databases as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scielo and Dialnet, having as final number 12 articles that met the inlusion criteria. Results: The figure of the nurse in phychiatry has emerged thanks to the appearance of theories and theoretical models that place value on their work, which is why, within mental health, they are considered a fundamental pillar for the patient´s recovery. The care provided by these professionals is based on social skills and interpersonal relationships. In addition, low therapeutic adherence is considered a main factor in frequent psychiatric hospital readmissions, which from the nursing perspective, is a problem to be considered and investigated carefully. Conclusions: this study revelas that the figure os the mental health nurse as a cornerstone in the patient´s recovery, as through psychoeducational and psycotherapeuthic intrventions we manage to forge a relationship with the patient, creating a space in which they feel confident and comfortable. In this way we avoid the phenomenon of the “revolving door”, which is a great burden fot the individuals as well as for the community.

Direction
ANTELO MARTELO, MONICA (Tutorships)

Court
SACO LOPEZ, PEDRO JOSE (Chairman)
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Secretary)
GARCIA GARCIA, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
Introduction: Thrombosis is a potentially serious complication during pregnancy, associated with a significant increase in maternal morbidity and mortality. The physiological hypercoagulable state of pregnancy, combined with factors such as advanced maternal age, obesity, or cesarean delivery, increases the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Objectives: The main objective of this study is to analyze the primary preventive interventions aimed at reducing the risk of thrombosis during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Specific objectives include identifying the most relevant risk factors and proposing evidence-based nursing interventions. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, using databases such as PubMed, Dialnet, and CINAHL. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, focusing on publications from the last decade in Spanish or English. Results: The most common risk factors identified were cesarean delivery, obesity, maternal age greater than 35 years, history of VTE, and physical inactivity. Preventive strategies included moderate physical exercise, the use of compression stockings, a balanced diet, proper hydration, and smoking cessation. In high-risk women, prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin is recommended. Additionally, a nursing care plan was proposed based on NANDA, NOC, and NIC taxonomies. Conclusions: Thrombosis during pregnancy requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach, with nursing playing a key role in early detection, health education, and the implementation of effective preventive measures to ensure maternal and fetal safety.

Direction
RODRIGUEZ GONZALEZ, RAQUEL (Tutorships)

Court
SACO LOPEZ, PEDRO JOSE (Chairman)
CARBALLO FAZANES, AIDA (Secretary)
GARCIA GARCIA, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Member)

Summary
This literature review focuses on understanding the benefits of integrating school nursing in Spain, a profession with very limited and unequal implementation between Autonomous Communities. To this end, a review, search and analysis was conducted. Topics examined in depth include health education for pupils, the inclusion of pupils with special needs in schools, routine emergency care and its relationship with reducing the healthcare system overload, and the impact of promoting healthy habits from an early age for pupils' health and that of the population that it indirectly influences, such as parents and teachers. The bibliographic research for this review was carried out using the following databases: Google Scholar, MedlinePlus and PubMed.

Direction
ANTELO MARTELO, MONICA (Tutorships)

Court
MEAÑOS MELON, ENRIQUE RAMON (Chairman)
PEGO PEREZ, EMILIO RUBEN (Secretary)
GARCIA VARELA, LARA (Member)