Veterinary Anatomy II

It is intended that the student acquire adequate knowledge about the anatomical organization of domestic mammals using a systematic, comparative and topographic approach. You must learn the fundamentals of Animal Anatomy oriented to clinical applications, production and hygiene and food industrialization.

At the end of the course the student must be able to (measurable and evaluable learning achievements):
• Recognize the organization and constitution of the circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, genital and endocrine systems.
• Transfer the anatomical knowledge acquired to the living animal, to identify and locate the constituents of each of these devices and systems.
• Correctly handle basic surgical instruments - tweezers, scissors and scalpel - after having performed a dissection based on access to body cavities.
• Recognize the texture and consistency of tissues and organs: skin, fascia, muscles and tendons, bones and ligaments, lymph nodes, vessels and nerves, hollow and parenchymal organs.
• Will adequately handle anatomical terminology, as well as position planes and terms. THIS LEARNING OBJECTIVE IS EVALUATED AND IS ESSENTIAL TO PASS THE SUBJECT (CD1-1.5).

THEORETICAL PROGRAM: it is developed in 37 expository sessions of 50 minutes and a group tutorial at the beginning of the course.

SUBJECT 1.- SPLACHNOLOGY. Introduction and generalities. Constitution and organization of the visceral systems.
UNIT 2.- Thoracic cavity and pleura.
SUBJECT 3.- Abdominal and pelvic cavities. Peritoneum.
SUBJECT 4.- ANGIOLOGY. Introduction and generalities. Pericardium. Heart: location, shape and relationships.
SUBJECT 5.- Heart: constitution. Vessels and nerves of the heart.
UNIT 6.- Blood system. Constitution and types of vessels. Main arterial and venous trunks.
UNIT 7.- Lymphatic system. Main lymphatic vessels. Organs of the lymphatic system: lymph nodes.
SUBJECT 8.- Location and topography of the main lymph nodes.
SUBJECT 9.- Organs of the lymphatic system (continuation): spleen, thymus, bone marrow and diffuse lymphatic tissue.
UNIT 10.- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. Introduction and generalities. Constituents. Nose and nasal cavity. Paranasal sinuses.
SUBJECT 11.- Larynx: laryngeal muscles and laryngeal cavity. Trachea and bronchi.
SUBJECT 12.- Lungs. Morphology and constitution. Vessels and nerves of the respiratory system.
UNIT 13.- DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. Introduction and generalities. Constituents. Oral cavity: cheeks, lips and palate. Salivary glands. mucous tunic.
SUBJECT 14.- Teeth: types, morphology and constitution. dental formula.
UNIT 15.- Language: morphology and constitution. Tongue muscles. Vessels and nerves of the oral cavity.
SUBJECT 16.- Pharynx: location, shape and relationships. Pharyngeal mucosa and musculature. Vessels and nerves of the pharynx.
SUBJECT 17.- Alimentary canal. Constituents. Simple stomach and esophagus.
UNIT 18.- Composite stomach.
SUBJECT 19.- Small intestine.
UNIT 20.- Large intestine. Constitution of the alimentary canal.
UNIT 21.- Pancreas and liver. Situation, form and relations. Constitution.
UNIT 22.- Vessels and nerves of the alimentary canal.
SUBJECT 23.- URINARY SYSTEM. Introduction and generalities. Kidneys: location, shape and relationships. Constitution.
UNIT 24.- Renal pelvis, ureter and urinary bladder.
SUBJECT 25.- General considerations of the urethra. female urethra. Vessels and nerves of the urinary system.
UNIT 26.- GENITAL SYSTEM. Introduction and generalities. Male genital organs. Testicle.
SUBJECT 27.- Male genital organs (continuation). Epididymis, vas deferens, and spermatic cord. Scrotum.
UNIT 28.- Male penis and urethra. Foreskin.
UNIT 29.- Accessory genital glands. Vessels and nerves of the male genital organs.
SUBJECT 30.- Female genital organs. Ovary, oviduct, uterus and vagina.
SUBJECT 31.- Female genital organs (continuation). Vaginal vestibule, vulva and clitoris. Vessels and nerves of the female genital organs. perineum
SUBJECT 32.- GLANDS WITHOUT DUCT. Introduction and generalities. Thyroid, parathyroid, pancreatic islets, adrenal, pituitary and epiphysis.
SUBJECT 33.- Topographic anatomy of the head and neck.
UNIT 34.- Topographic anatomy of the thoracic cavity.
SUBJECT 35.- Topographic anatomy of the abdominal cavity.
SUBJECT 36.- Topographic anatomy of the pelvic cavity.

PRACTICAL PROGRAM: it is developed in 12 interactive sessions (10 sessions of 3 hours and 2 sessions of 3.5 hours), corresponding to the dissection of the head, neck and thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities, as well as the study of organs and viscera corresponding. All practices take place in the dissection room of pavilion 3, basement floor.

- Practices LB1 to LB3: Head and neck dissection (3 sessions of 3 hours). The student will work on the heads of dogs, horses, cows and/or small ruminants, carrying out a regulated dissection to discover the different structures of interest in these regions. You will also have at your disposal material from the bone library and anatomical preparations related to the theme of the sessions.
- Practices LB4 to LB10: Study of the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities together with the examination of the corresponding organs and viscera and angiology (7 sessions of 3 hours). The student will have at his disposal the viscera that are housed in the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities, both of carnivores and domestic ungulates, as well as anatomical pieces for the study of topographic and comparative anatomy. In this way, the organs that make up the digestive, circulatory, respiratory and genitourinary systems are analyzed, carrying out a systematic and topographic study of each organ/viscera.
- Practice LB11: Review of contents and approach to the study of topographic anatomy (3.5 hours). This session is dedicated to reviewing the contents covered in previous sessions and to the regulated dissection of domestic animal corpses (carnivores, suidae, equines and/or ruminants), where the student will access the body cavities for the in situ study of the organs. they contain, achieving a better understanding of the topographic anatomy.
- Practice LB12: Completion of the final practice exam (3.5 hours). This last session is devoted entirely to carrying out a final exam on the content covered in the interactive sessions.

Basic bibliography:
BALJIT S. (2017). Dyce, Sack and Wensing's Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 5th ed. Elsevier.
CLAYTON H.M. & FLOOD P.F. (nineteen ninety six). Color Atlas of Large Animal Applied Anatomy. Ed. Mosby-Wolfe.
EVANS H.E., DE LAHUNTA, A. (2013). Miller's Anatomy of the Dog. 4th ed. Ed. Saunders.
KÖNIG H.E. & LIEBICH H.G. (2009). Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Color Atlas. 4th ed. Ed. Schattauer.
KÖNIG H.E. & LIEBICH H.G. (2004). Anatomy of domestic animals. Locomotor Apparatus, 2nd ed. Pan American Medical Ed.
KÖNIG H.E. & LIEBICH H.G. (2005). Anatomy of domestic animals. Volume 2. Organs, Circulatory System and Nervous System. Pan American Medical Ed.
NICKEL R., SCHUMMER A. & SEIFERLE E. (1986). The Viscera of the Domestic Mammals. 2nd ed. Ed. Paul Parey.
NICKEL R., SCHUMMER A. & SEIFERLE E. (1986). The Anatomy of the Domestic Mammals. Vol. 3: The Circulatory System, the Skin and the Cutaneous Organs of the Domestic Mammals. Ed. Paul Parey.
POPESKO P. (1998). Atlas of Topographic Anatomy of Domestic Animals. 2nd ed. Volumes 1, 2 & 3. Ed. Masson.
RUBERTE J. & SAULET J. (1995, 1996, 1998). Atlas of Dog and Cat Anatomy. Volume 1: Head and Neck. Volume 2: Thorax and Thoracic Limb. Volume 3: Abdomen, Pelvis and Pelvic Member. Ed. Multimédica.
RUBERTE J. & SAULET, J. (1996). Atlas of Dog and Cat Anatomy. Volume 2: Thorax and Thoracic Limb. Ed. Multimédica.
RUBERTE J. &. SAULET, J. (1998). Atlas of Dog and Cat Anatomy. Volume 3: Abdomen, Pelvis and Pelvic Member. Ed. Multimédica.

Complementary bibliography:
Free access to e-books from the McGraw-Hill Access Medicine platform (Username: univsc, Password: Medicine2019): https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/
IVALA Learn | 3D Veterinary Anatomy & Clinical Learning (spectacular 3D reconstructions, FREE for students): https://www.ivalalearn.com/
Splanchnology - IMAIOS (splanchnology of different species): https://www.imaios.com/en/vet-Anatomy/Vet-Anatomical-Part/Splanchnology
Videos of visceral systems of the University of Murcia: https://www.um.es/web/anatvet/docencia/recursos-docentes/videos-anatomia
Planar Anatomy (topographical antomy on sections): http://vanat.cvm.umn.edu/cadavSlabs/index.html

In the presentation of the subject a detailed breakdown of the recommended bibliography will be made.

We recommend the use of both basic and complementary internet resources specified in the Bibliography section, as well as that electronic access bibliography available at the USC Library. A BUSC EN LIÑA (https://busconline.gal). Also, through portico (http://sfx.bugalicia.org/san/az) and EZproxy (https: // ezbusc), managed by BUGalicia, it will be possible to search for scientific journals and electronic books (with the credentials of the USC). For specific topics, teachers may provide open access articles or recommend searching through PubMed or Google Schoolar.

Generic competences:
To acquire:
GVUSC01- Capacity to learn and adaptation.
GVUSC02- Capacity to analyze and synthesize.
GVUSC05- Capacity to put knowledge to practical use.
GVUSC06- Capacity to work autonomously and in group.

Specific competences of the subject:
CEDVUSC 02- To acquire knowledge on the structure and function of healthy animals.

Professional competences:
DIVUSC01- To obtain a medical history and perform a clinical examination of the animal. (For this competence, the subject participates by providing essential knowledge of body regions, position terms and specific nomenclature, as well as the topography of devices and systems in body cavities).
DIVUSC12- To perform the inspection of animals ante and postmortem and of foodstuff for human consumption. (For this competence, the subject participates by providing the necessary knowledge regarding the normal appearance of organs and viscera).

Academic competences:
CEAVUSC 08- To realize the need of bringing up to date knowledge, abilities and attitudes by means of a permanent process of education.

Transversal competences:
CTVUSC 02- Capacity to obtain appropriate, varied and up-to-date information using different resources, such as bibliographic information and internet, and to analyze it from a critical point of view.
CTVUSC 03- Capacity to elaborate and present an organized and understanding text.

• Expository sessions: 37 master classes lasting 50 minutes in the classroom established in the schedule published by the center (see academic calendar for the exact chronology), with systematic use of the Virtual Campus as teaching support and a means of direct communication with the student body. You must attend the presentation sessions regularly.

• Interactive Sessions: 37 hours of face-to-face practical work divided into 10 sessions lasting 3 hours and 2 sessions lasting 3.5 hours. The interactive sessions take place in the dissection room, pavilion 3, basement floor, and attendance is mandatory in order to take the final exam of the subject.

The autonomous in-person practical work will be carried out in small groups of students under the supervision of a teacher using the biological material and/or the anatomical models corresponding to each thematic block. During the practices, the notes taken in the expository classes will be used, as well as the practice guides and content related to the topics covered in the classes, available in the virtual classroom of the subject. Printed or electronic atlases are highly advisable to help resolve specific doubts so that the student can begin using specialized bibliography.

During the development of the interactive classes, the different anatomical pieces will be used to guarantee the knowledge, understanding and application of the anatomical terminology, as well as the planes and position terms, related to the SKILL of competition 1.5 on day 1 of the Federation of European Veterinarians: “Communicate effectively with clients, the public, professional colleagues and responsible authorities, using language appropriate to the public concerned and fully respecting confidentiality and privacy.” THE LEARNING OBJECTIVE WILL BE EVALUATED.

In the days prior to each week of practice, a voluntary self-assessment test may be carried out in the virtual classroom, related to the specific contents that will be worked on during the week.

Both on the Virtual Campus and at the entrance to the dissection room there are the basic safety rules that students must observe on campus; Any questions in this regard will be resolved by the teaching staff present in each practical session. In addition to the hygiene measures that may be established by the authorities, it is necessary to observe the SPECIFIC RULES OF THE SUBJECT:
• To access the practice room, the use of a white laboratory coat, disposable gloves and rubber boots is mandatory, given the
characteristics of the work to be carried out.
• It is highly recommended to use safety glasses and a hygienic facial protection mask.
• For individual work it is essential to have basic dissection material consisting of a scalpel, tweezers and scissors.
• Likewise, any other instructions that the teaching staff indicates regarding safety regulations and personal protective equipment will
apply.

• Tutorials: In the current curriculum there are two types of tutoring: group and individual. The group session, where the general rules that will govern the subject are explained, is only one and will take place for all students in the classroom at the beginning of the semester. The second is the traditional model, highly recommended to clarify any doubts and difficulties that may arise during the development of teaching. It is necessary to set a date before attending this tutorial, which will take place in the teacher's office, or if agreed, virtually through the official MS Teams platform.

• Attendance at scheduled practical activities is MANDATORY, where a continuous evaluation of the work performed and the knowledge acquired will be carried out. Not attending the practical sessions - except due to force majeure, which will have to be duly justified in a documentary manner and can never be more than 5 practices - results in not being able to pass the subject in any of the final exam opportunities.

• Mastery of theoretical and practical knowledge through continuous evaluation during the development of the practices: 50% of the overall grade. During the continuous evaluation of the practices, the involvement and attitude of each student, the skill acquired with manual work and the knowledge demonstrated during the sessions will be taken into account. On the other hand, periodic recognition and identification tests will be carried out on the anatomical pieces, in addition to a final practical knowledge exam. During these tests, the correct use of anatomical nomenclature and knowledge of position terms is absolutely essential to pass the subject (CD1-1.5).

• Mastery of global knowledge through a final exam of the entire subject, mandatory and complementary to the continuous evaluation: 50% of the global grade. The exam will be in person and will consist of a combination of multiple choice questions, short questions, figures and images to complete/identify, and development questions. To pass this final exam, the student has two opportunities whose official dates are set in the academic calendar of each year.

For repeating students, the practice grade will be kept for subsequent courses, unless they voluntarily express the desire to repeat the practices, which implies giving up the score obtained.

Waiver of attendance for this subject is not applicable.

In case of plagiarism, fraud or improper use of technologies during the completion of telematic tests, the provisions of the “Normativa de avaliación do rendemento académico dos estudantes e de revisión de cualificacións” will apply.

PRESENTIAL WORK:
- Lectures: 37 hours
- Practical sessions: 37 hours
- Tutorials: 1 hour
Total hours of presential work: 75 hours

AUTONOMOUS WORK OF THE STUDENT:
- Independent study: 55 hours
- Bibliographic review, library, etc.: 7 hours
- Examinations: 4 hours
- Other tasks proposed by the lecturer: 9 hours
Total hours of autonomous work of the student: 75 hours

TOTAL HOURS: 150

Regular attendance to lectures is recommendable for understanding the subject. The attendance to practical sessions is mandatory to pass the subject.
It is of great value to make use of the tutorial classes to solve the potential doubts.