Bioquímica Bucodental Avanzada

- Knowledge of the new perspectives of the biochemical parameters obtained from saliva and their diagnostic value.
- Knowledge of the biochemical aspects of both acquired pellicle and plaque.
- Knowledge ofthe biochemical basis of the different therapies used to prevent dental caries.
- Knowledge of the biochemical basis of the strategies used to prevent the formation of dental plaque and associated diseases.
- Knowledge of the biochemical effects caused by fluoride in relation to caries formation and its ability to cuase toxicity and dental stains.
- Knowledge of the biochemical actions of the different components of the products used for oral hygiene.
- Knowledge of the biochemical aspects relating diet, nutrition, and dental caries.

STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE TOOTH. Constituents and structure of the tooth. Mineralized and non-mineralized tissues. Properties of hydroxyapatite, calcium octophosphate pentahydrate, and amorphous calcium phosphates.

ENAMEL. Composition and properties of enamel. Types of enamel. Structural characteristics and properties of enamel mineral. Demineralization and remineralization of enamel.

DENTIN AND PULP. Characteristics of the different types of dentin. Inorganic components of dentin. Organic components o dentine and functions. Characteristics and composition of pulp. Biochemical aspects of pulp aging.

CEMENTUM AND ALVEOLAR BONE. Composition and structural characteristics of cementum. Functions of the cement. Composition and structural features of alveolar bone.

PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT. Structure and molecular composition of periodontal ligament. Functions of the protein constituents of periodontal ligament. Tooth mobility and tooth loss.

BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE SALIVA. General characteristics and functions. Inorganic composition of saliva and salivary buffers. Organic composition of saliva. Biochemical parameters in saliva of clinical utility.

BIOCHEMISTRY OF DENTAL PELLICLE AND PLAQUE. Features and composition of dental pellicle and plaque. Biochemical processes that take place in dental plaque.

BIOCHEMISTRY OF CARIES AND PERIODONTAL DISEASE. Definition of dental caries. Requirements for tooth decay. Effect of pH on hydroxyapatite demineralization of enamel and caries. Biochemical aspects related to nutrition and tooth decay. Biochemistry of periodontal disease.

BIOCHEMICAL ACTIONS OF TOOTHPASTES COMPONENTS. Minimum requirements of toothpastes. Major components, minor components, and optional components in toothpastes. Biochemical mechanism of action of the different components of toothpastes.

BIOCHEMISTRY OF FLUORINE. Properties of fluorine. Dietary sources. Metabolism and toxicity of fluoride. Incorporation of fluorine in the crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite.

Basic bibliography
-RAMOS ATANCE J.R. Bioquímica bucodental. Editorial Síntesis, 1996
-Coscarelli N. Y. Bioquímica del medio bucal. Editorial: Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Aregentina, 2016
-LOZANO J.A., GALINDO J.D., GARCÍA-BORRON J.C., MARTÍNEZ-LIARTE J.H., PEÑAFIEL R., SOLANO F. "Bioquímica y Biología Molecular para Ciencias de la Salud". 3º edición. McGraw-Hill Interamericana, Madrid, 2005.
-Levine L. Topics in Dental Biochemistry. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.
-Ferguson D.B. Oral Bioscience. Churchill Livingstone ed., 1999.
-Ferguson D.B. Oral Bioscience. New Generation Publishing, 2006.

Complementary bibliography
The student will be provide with the literature and documentation needed to address all the contents and activities of the subject.

Knowledge
Con01. Know the biomedical sciences on which Dentistry is based to ensure proper oral-dental care. These sciences must include appropriate content on:
• Embryology, anatomy, histology and physiology of the human body.
• Genetics, Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology.
• Microbiology and Immunology
Con02. Know the morphology and function of the stomatognathic system, including appropriate content on embryology, anatomy, histology and physiology.

Competencies
Comp01. Ability to analyse and synthesize.
Comp02. Ability to organise and plan.
Comp03. Oral and written communication in one's own language.
Comp05. Basic computer skills.
Comp06. Information management skills (ability to search for and analyse information from various sources).
Comp07. Problem solving.
Comp08. Decision making.
Comp09. Critical and self-critical ability.
Comp10. Teamwork.
Comp11. Interpersonal skills.
Comp16. Ethical commitment.
Comp17. Ability to apply knowledge in practice.
Comp18. Research skills.
Comp19. Ability to learn independently.
Comp20. Ability to adapt to new situations.
Comp21. Ability to generate new ideas (creativity).
Comp24. Ability to work independently.
Comp26. Initiative and entrepreneurial spirit.
Comp27. Concern for quality.

Skills or abilities
H/D07. Promote autonomous learning of new knowledge and techniques, as well as motivation for quality.
H/D08. Know how to share information with other health professionals and work in a team.
H/D11. Understand the basic biomedical sciences on which Dentistry is based to ensure proper oral-dental care.
H/D12. Understand and recognize the normal structure and function of the stomatognathic system, at the molecular, cellular, tissue and organic level, at the different stages of life.
H/D18. Understand, critically evaluate and know how to use clinical and biomedical information sources to obtain, organize, interpret and communicate scientific and health information.
H/D19. Know the scientific method and have critical capacity to assess established knowledge and new information. Be able to formulate hypotheses, collect and critically evaluate information for problem solving using the scientific method.

Expository Teaching
Expository teaching is designed to enhance independent learning of students. In the lectures the teacher will present and explain the most important aspects of each topic, helping students to achieve the objectives of the subject. In this teaching it will be use blackboard, audiovisual media, and virtual sources, together with other means that the teacher considers appropriate to facilitate the teaching process.

Interactive teaching
There will be seminars on topics related to the theoretical contents of the subject. The teacher will lead and guide the student in the learning process. In this teaching we will use the blackboard, audiovisual and virtual space of matter, and other means that the teacher considers appropriate to facilitate teaching.

Tutorials
This activity will mainly be used for clarification of doubts about the theory and practice related to the contents of the subject. This activity will make use of media, computers, virtual space and other matter that the teacher deems appropriate.

Continuous evaluation (40% of the final grade)
In the continuous evaluation of the subject, attendance, attitude and participation of the student in the proposed activities will be taken into account. Periodic controls of the content of the subject matter will also be carried out. Passing these controls will allow the student to waive taking the final exam.

Final exam (60% of the final grade)
It will be used as an evaluation test multiple choice test / short question that will cover all aspects related to the contents of the subject.

In cases in which the fraudulent performance of exercises and assessment tests is detected, the provisions of the “Regulations for the evaluation of student academic performance and review of grades” will be applied.

Student class work: 30 hours
Personal work: 45 hours

Attendance to all the classroom activities relating to the teaching of the subject.
Use of tutorials to solve any doubts the student may have in relation to the contents of the subject.
Finally, students must focus their study toward the understanding the concepts and their applications in the dental field and not limit its attention to simply assimilate information.