Patología y Terapéutica Dental I

- Define the concept and scope of Dental Pathology and Therapeutics.
- Recognize the nosological entities that affect the hard tissues of the tooth.
- Describe how to conduct a medical history and the different examination methods and complementary tests appropriate for each pathological entity.
- Name the causes and explain the existing theories regarding the development of caries.
- Explain the histopathology and epidemiology of caries.
- Enumerate the clinical and topographical forms of caries.
- Describe the etiology of pulpal pathology.
- Differentiate the symptoms associated with caries, pulpitis, and periodontitis.
- Perform the differential diagnosis of the different types of pulpitis.
- List the degenerative pulpal processes and describe their histopathology.
- Differentiate acute and chronic apical periodontitis.
- Recognize endo-periodontal processes.
- Recognize and describe the specific instruments used in Dental Pathology and Therapeutics.
- Describe how to correctly isolate the operative field.
- Indicate the types and properties of composite resins and cite the problems associated with the technique and material.
- Define the different classes of cavities for composite resins.
- Describe the basic operative dentistry techniques on models: cavity preparation.
- Cite the phases of composite resin obturation.
- Name the anatomical regions and main histological components of the dental pulp.
- Describe the changes that occur in the pulp and dentin with age.
- Explain the internal dental anatomy of each tooth and the most frequent variations.
- Enumerate the basic radiological sequence in an endodontic treatment.
- Cite the nosological entities that affect the dental pulp and recognize for each: the causes (etiology), the incidence in the population (epidemiology), the disease mechanism (pathogenesis), the alterations of normal function (pathophysiology), and the morphological lesions (histopathology).
-Evaluate the data obtained in the clinical history to make a good diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic planning for each nosological entity affecting the pulp.
- Enumerate the indications and contraindications of endodontic treatment.
- Identify the instruments used in endodontics.
- Explain the endodontic access cavity preparation in each dental group.
- Enumerate the stages of instrumentation.
- Cite the different existing obturation techniques.
- Indicate the accidents and complications that may occur during endodontic treatment.
- Define the clinical sequence of endodontic treatment.
- Recognize, describe, and apply all the materials used in endodontics.

Block I: Dental Pathology
Topic 1. Introduction to Dental Pathology and Therapeutics
Topic 2. Tooth developmental Anomalies
Topic 3. Dental Caries I: Concept, History, and Etiology
Topic 4. Dental Caries II: Pathogenesis, Physiology, and Pathological Anatomy
Topic 5. Dental Caries III: Topographical Forms, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis
Topic 6. Non-carious lesions: Attrition, Abrasion, Erosion, Abfraction
Topic 7. Alterations in tooth colour
Topic 8. Pulpal Pathology
Topic 9. Periapical Pathology of Pulpal origin
Topic 10. Endo-Periodontal Pathology
Clinical Case Seminar

Block II: Operative Dentistry
Topic 11. Preparation and Isolation of the Operative Field
Topic 12. Methods for Caries Removal
Topic 13. Principles of Cavity Preparation for Composite Resins
Topic 14. Composite Resins I: Composition, Classification, and Properties. Polymerization
Topic 15. Composite Resins II: Technical and Material Problems
Topic 16. Class I and II Cavities for Composite Resins
Topic 17. Class III, IV, and V Cavities for Composite Resins
Topic 18. Adhesion for Composite Resins
Topic 19. Filling, Finishing, and Polishing of Composite Resins
Topic 20. Other Materials Used in Dental Therapeutics: Bioactive Materials, Direct and Indirect Pulp Capping
Topic 21. Vital tooth bleaching
Clinical Case Seminar

Block III: Endodontics
Topic 22. Internal Dental Anatomy
Topic 23. Clinical and Radiological Diagnosis in Endodontics
Topic 24. Introduction to Endodontic Treatment
Topic 25. Endodontic Access Cavity Preparation
Topic 26. Cleaning and Shaping of the Root Canal System
Topic 27. Obturation of Root Canal System
Topic 28. Accidents and Complications in Endodontics
Topic 29. Evaluation of Endodontic Results
Clinical Case Seminar
Preclinical Practices
Preclinical practices include cavity preparation for composite resins on dental models and extracted natural teeth mounted in plaster bases, and endodontic practices on natural teeth mounted in acrylic resin blocks.
Practice 1. Mounting Teeth in Work Models
Practice 2. Isolation of the Operative Field
Practices 3-7. Preparation and Restoration of Class I, II, III, IV, and V Cavities
Practice 8. Construction of Educational Blocks
Practice 9. Openings in Endodontics
Practice 10. Canal Localization and Working Length Determination
Practice 11. Manual Instrumentation
Practice 12. Mechanical Rotary Instrumentation
Practice 13. Root Canal Filling

Clinical Practices
Initial patient contact in real scenarios, following the completion of preclinical practices.

- Patología y Terapéutica Dental. Javier García Barbero. (2ª ed). Elsevier. 2015
- Operatoria Dental: Integración Clínica. Barrancos J. (4ª ed). Editora Médica Panamericana. 2006
- Arte y Ciencia de la Odontología Conservadora. Studervant R. (5ª ed.). Elsevier. 2007
- Shortcuts en Odontología Estética: una nueva visión sobre TIPS.Ronaldo Hirata. Quintessence Publising España, 2018

- Endodoncia. Técnicas clínicas y Bases Científicas. Carlos Canalda, Esteban Brau. (4ª ed). Elsevier, 2019.
- Solución de Problemas en Endodoncia. Gutmann, J. Ed. Elsevier 2007
- Vías de la Pulpa. Cohin S. Ed. Elsevier. (10ª ed.). Elsevier, 2002
- Manual de Practicas. Patología Terapéutica Dental. Endodoncia. Rodriguez-Ponce López, A. 2013.
- Endodoncia. Principios y Practicas. Mahmoud Torabinejad y Richard Walton.(4ª ed.). Elsevier, 2010.
- Endodoncia para Todos. Protocolos Clínicos Necesarios en Endodoncia y en la Reconstrucción del Diente Endodonciado. Martín Biedma B, Castelo Baz P. Ed Peldaño, 2022.

Knowledge

Con34: Perform basic treatments for buco-dental pathology in patients of all ages. Therapeutic procedures should be based on the concept of minimal invasion and a global and integrated approach to buco-dental treatment.

Con36: Take and interpret X-rays and other imaging procedures relevant to dental practice.

Con37: Create diagnostic models, mount them, and take inter-occlusal records.

Con38: Determine and identify the patient's aesthetic requirements and the possibilities to satisfy their concerns.

Con43: Apply loco-regional anesthesia techniques.

Con44: Prepare and isolate the operative field.

Con50: Treat dento-alveolar trauma in both primary and permanent dentitions.

Con52: Evaluate and treat patients with caries or other non-carious dental pathology and be capable of using all materials aimed at restoring the shape, function, and aesthetics of the tooth in patients of all ages.

Con53: Design, prepare teeth, prescribe, record, conduct clinical tests, and place and commission indirect restorations: inlays, veneers or aesthetic laminate facings, and single crowns.

Con54: Operatively treat destructive processes and traumatic dento-alveolar lesions.

Con55: Perform endodontic treatments and apply procedures to preserve pulp vitality.

Con56: Perform conventional aesthetic procedures from a multidisciplinary perspective.

Competences

Comp01: Capacity for analysis and synthesis.

Comp02: Capacity to organize and plan.

Comp03: Oral and written communication in the native language.

Comp05: Basic computer skills.

Comp07: Problem-solving skills.

Comp08: Decision-making skills.

Comp09: Critical and self-critical capacity.

Comp10: Teamwork skills.

Comp11: Interpersonal skills.

Comp14: Appreciation of diversity and multiculturalism.

Comp16: Ethical commitment.

Comp17: Ability to apply knowledge in practice.

Comp19: Capacity for autonomous learning.

Comp20: Ability to adapt to new situations.

Comp27: Concern for quality.

Comp28: Motivation for achievement.

Skills or Abilities

H/D07: Promote autonomous learning of new knowledge and techniques, as well as motivation for quality.

H/D08: Know how to share information with other health professionals and work in a team.

H/D09: Understand the importance of maintaining and using patient records for further analysis, preserving data confidentiality.

H/D15: Be familiar with the general pathological characteristics of diseases and disorders affecting organ systems, specifically those with oral repercussions.

H/D17: Understand and recognize the principles of ergonomics and safety at work (including control of cross-infections, radiological protection, and occupational and biological diseases).

H/D18: Know, critically evaluate, and know how to use clinical and biomedical information sources to obtain, organize, interpret, and communicate scientific and health information.

H/D19: Know the scientific method and have critical capacity to evaluate established knowledge and new information. Be able to formulate hypotheses, collect and critically evaluate information for problem-solving, following the scientific method.

H/D20: Obtain and compile a clinical history that contains all relevant information.

H/D21: Know how to perform a complete oral examination, including appropriate radiographic and complementary exploration tests, as well as obtaining adequate clinical references.

H/D22: Know how to perform a complete oral examination, including appropriate radiographic and complementary exploration tests, as well as obtaining adequate clinical references.

H/D25: Know and apply the basic treatment of the most common buco-dental pathology in patients of all ages. Therapeutic procedures should be based on the concept of minimal invasion and a global and integrated approach to buco-dental treatment.

H/D27: Formulate and propose appropriate preventive measures for each clinical situation.

H/28: Acquire clinical experience under appropriate supervision.

Theoretical Program:

Lecture: Presentation of the main content of the program supported by image and clinical video presentations to support theoretical knowledge.

Problem Solving/Case Study: Interactive response systems will be implemented to encourage participation.

Preliminary Study - Virtual Classroom: Support for theoretical-practical teaching applying basic principles of self-learning. Through this platform, documents, guidelines, regulations, and tasks related to the subject will be provided. It is recommended that students periodically access it to check for any content or notices that may have gone unnoticed.

Laboratory Practices:

Laboratory practices
Simulation
Portfolio/Dossier
Based on the information from the Practice Notebook (Virtual Classroom), the student will apply the acquired knowledge on simulation models and record each activity in a portfolio.

Clinical Practices:

First contact with patients in real scenarios. These will take place in the clinical boxes on the first floor during the second semester.
Only students who have passed the preclinical laboratory practices of the 1st semester will have access to clinical practices with patients.

This subject includes both theoretical and practical content, weighted as follows:

Theoretical Content: 50% of the final grade
Practical Content: 50% of the final grade

IMPORTANT: Both the theoretical and practical components must be passed independently to pass the subject. A failure in one component cannot be compensated by a good grade in the other.

Theoretical Content (50%)
Attendance: Mandatory (80%), with obligatory justification for absences.
Evaluation: Through a written test at the end of the course covering all the material.

Practical Content (50%)

Attendance: Mandatory, with obligatory justification for absences. Practical sessions are generally non-recoverable outside their scheduled day and time. Three unjustified absences will result in failing this part of the course. Even justified absences do not guarantee the acquisition of competencies, and the faculty will determine how to compensate for this aspect.

Daily Evaluation Criteria for Preclinical and Clinical Practices:

- Punctuality
- Participation
- Instrumentation (sufficient, appropriate, and in good condition for the practice)
- Knowledge of the practice to be performed
- Execution of the practice (order, cleanliness, time management)
- Outcome of the work performed
- Care of the facilities

Fraudulent execution of exercises and tests will be subject to the provisions in the USC's regulations on student academic performance evaluation and grade review.

In addition to attending all in-person activities for the subject, it is recommended that students dedicate at least 90 hours to personal study and work. The suggested distribution is as follows:

Individual study of lecture and seminar content: 45 hours
Preparation for laboratory practices: 15 hours
Preparation for clinical practices: 24 hours
Recommended readings, library activities, or similar: 6 hours

Group Study: Take advantage of theoretical classes to resolve doubts in groups.
Tutoring Sessions: Use tutoring hours effectively.
Weekly Review: Review the knowledge acquired each week. The time dedicated to the subject depends on the level of understanding and engagement achieved during classes.
Voluntary Assessments: Participate in voluntary assessment tests.
Consult Recommended Bibliography: Use recommended bibliography, and consider class notes only as guiding outlines.

Preferred Communication Channels:
The preferred means of communication between faculty and students is through the messaging system of the Virtual Classroom and the corporate email of USC.

Personal Email:
Students who prefer to use their personal email are advised to redirect their USC email to their personal email to avoid missing any important information.

Faculty Email Addresses:
Faculty email addresses can be found in the corresponding section of the course on the USC website.