Toxic and Medicinal Plants and Fungi for Animals

The subject aims to provide sufficient and useful information for the identification and knowledge of the characteristics of the main species of vascular plants (herbaceous, shrubby and woody) and fungi that may have a medicinal use or present antinutritive characteristics for different animal species, with special reference to the species found in Galicia. Content on the possibilities of medicinal use of spontaneous and introduced plants in Galicia is also included. Factors related to the plant, climate, soil, cultivation conditions, and utilization and preservation techniques (grazing, haymaking and silage) that can influence the composition of plants will be studied.

TEACHING PROGRAM
1. Incidence of the interaction of animals with plants and fungi. Circumstances that favor their ingestion: factors that depend on the plant or animal. 1 h
2. Main secondary compounds of plants. 1 h
3. Characteristics of the ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. Main bioactive species. 1 h
4. Active principles of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. 1 h
5. Filamentous fungi. Main bioactive species. Incidence in cultivated plants. 1 h
6. Active principles in filamentous fungi. 1 h
7. Bioactive spontaneous plants I. Incidence in forage crops. 1 h
8. Active principles in spontaneous plants I. 1h
9. Bioactive spontaneous plants II. Incidence in forage crops. 1 h
10. Active principles in spontaneous plants I. 1h
11. Bioactive crop plants for fodder and grain.1 h
12. Active ingredients in cultivated plants. 1 h
13. Bioactive ornamental trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants. 1 h
14. Active principles of ornamental plants. 1 h
15. Active principles of medicinal plants. 1 h

SEMINAR PROGRAM
1. S1-S2. Seminar on mycotoxigenic fungi: 2 h
2. S3-S4. Seminar on bioactive plants: 2 h
3. S5-S6. Seminar on medicinal plants: 2 h

FIELD PRACTICE PROGRAM
1. LB1-LB2. Recognition and identification of the main bioactive ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. 2 h
2. LB3-LB4. Recognition and identification of bioactive spontaneous and cultivated plant species. 2 h
3. LB5-LB6. Recognition and identification of bioactive ornamental woody and herbaceous plants. 2 h

Basic and complementary bibliography
BASIC BIBILIOGRAPHY

Bruneton J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Medicinal Plants. 2ª Edición. Springer.
Debelmas A.M., Delaveau P. 1983. Guide des plantes dangereuses. Ed. Maloine, Paris.
Equipo Susaeta. 2014. Atlas Ilustrado de Plantas Medicinales y Curativas. Ed. Susaeta.
Evans W.C., Trease G.E., Evans D. 2009. Trease and Evans’ Pharmacognosy. 16ª Edición. Saunders Elsevier.
Font i Quer P. 1993. Plantas medicinales: el Dioscórides renovado. Ed. Labor, Barcelona.
Hails M.R. 1986. Plant poisoning in animals. CAB International.
Klingman G.C., Ashton F.M. 1980. Estudio de las plantas nocivas. Principios y prácticas. Ed. Limusa, México.
Thomson W.A. 1980. Guía Práctica Ilustrada de las Plantas Medicinales. Ed. Blume, Barcelona.
Verona P.L. 1984. Planta tossiche e damnose agli animali. Ed. Edagricole, Bolonia.
Villar, D., Ortiz, J.J. 2006. Plantas tóxicas de interés veterinario. Ed. Masson, Elsevier. Barcelona

COMPLEMENTARY BIBLIOGRAPHY

JOURNALS
Journal of Ethopharmacology
Journal of Etnobotany Veterinary
Albeitar

GENERAL SKILLS
GVUSC01 Ability to learn and adapt.
GVUSC02 Capacity for analysis and synthesis.
GVUSC03 General knowledge of the work area.
GVUSC04 Work planning and management.
GVUSC06 Ability to work independently and in teams.
GVUSC09 Ability to communicate in different areas.

DISCIPLINARY SPECIFIC SKILLS (KNOWING)
CEDVUSC 11 Understanding the basis for operation and optimization of animal and plant production systems and their impact on the environment.

SPECIFIC ACADEMIC SKILLS
CEAVUSC 01 Analyze, synthesize, solve problems and make decisions in the field of the veterinary professionals.
CEAVUSC 04 Find and manage information related to the activity of the veterinarian.

CROSS-POWERS
CTVUSC 01 Capacity for reasoning and argumentation.
CTVUSC 02 Ability to obtain adequate, diverse and updated information by various means such as bibliographic information and the Internet, and analyze it critically.
CTVUSC 03 Ability to prepare and present an organized and understandable text.
CTVUSC 04 Ability to make a presentation in public in a clear, consistent and concise manner.
CTVUSC 05 Skill in the use of information and communication technologies (ICT).
CTVUSC 06 Use of information in foreign languages.
CTVUSC 07 Ability to solve problems through the integrated application of their knowledge.

The theoretical content will be developed through 50-minute master classes taught by the teacher. During classes, or at the end, students may ask questions about the matter explained. To facilitate the comprehension of the contents, the slide projection by means of a cannon and the blackboard will be used in the classes.
The practical contents will be taught in modules of 20 students. Each practical class will begin with an introduction by the teacher and later the students will develop the practice with the constant supervision and help of the teacher. The duration of each practice will be two hours. Field trips will be made to search for and identify bioactive plants and fungi.
The training activities related to face-to-face work in the classroom will consist of 15 hours of expository teaching and 15 hours of interactive teaching, divided into 6 hours of seminars, 6 hours of practices and 3 hours of tutorials in small groups (10 students per group).
The practices will serve to illustrate the theoretical contents of the subject and will be fundamentally oriented towards the student acquiring practical skills and experience. All the tasks of the student (work, study, reading) will be guided by the academic staff in the tutoring sessions.

The qualification of each student will be made through continuous evaluation and the completion of a face-to-face or virtual final exam.
In the continuous evaluation, the interest and active participation of the student in the expository classes and especially in the interactive ones will be valued.
In the evaluation of the subject, the following aspects will be taken into account, which will contribute to the final grade:
1. Continuous evaluation: 45%
a) Participation and completion of work in seminars. Participation and work done in each 2-hour seminar will contribute 9% to the final grade. There are three seminars, therefore these works will account for up to 27% of the final grade.
b) Participation and completion of activities/works in practices. The activity/work carried out in each 2-hour practice will contribute 4% to the final grade. There are three practices, therefore these activities/work will account for up to 12% of the final grade.
c) Participation in expository classes. It will contribute up to 6% to the final grade.
The minimum mark to pass this continuous evaluation will be 2 points out of a total of 4.5.

2. Theoretical written exam: 55%
The exam will be written (test questions and/or short questions and/or topics), or oral if deemed necessary, and on the contents of the expository classes. It will be valued out of 10 points and the minimum mark to pass it will be 5 points.
If the student does not reach the minimum required both in the theoretical written exam (5/10) and in the continuous evaluation (2/4.5), this will imply not passing the subject in the corresponding call.
In cases of fraudulent completion of exercises or tests, the provisions of the "Regulations for evaluating student academic performance and reviewing grades" will apply.
The expository classes, seminars and practices are only given during the academic period. Therefore, if the minimum required in the continuous evaluation is not reached during this period, the subject cannot be passed neither in the first nor in the second opportunity.
Evaluations are not kept from one course to another.
Class attendance cannot be dispensed.

PRESENTIAL WORK Hours
Expository teaching 15
Laboratory practice 6
Seminars 6
Tutorials in small groups or individualized 3
Total hours of face-to-face work 30

PERSONAL WORK OF THE STUDENT Hours
Individual study 22,5
Elaboration of works 13
Literature review, library, etc. 5
Resolution of cases / issues 2
Oral presentations 0,5
Examinations 2
Total hours of personal work of the student 45

TOTAL HOURS OF THE STUDENT 75

The main recommendation is to attend the expository and interactive classes, which allows the continuous evaluation of the student and greatly facilitates the fixation of the exposed concepts and their immediate practical application, not being necessary to memorize them.