Propaedeutic Clinic

With the study of Clinical Propaedeutic the students will know the exploratory techniques in different animal species and begin the interpretation of the results thereof. Through contact with the animal, and using the different methods and techniques for collecting samples, the student will interpret the signs of the disease and grouped them into syndromes, in order to make an accurate diagnosis of the disease the animal has

Theoretical contents (22 hours): Structured as exposed below:
1. Handling and general examination of the animal (1 hours): Methods of examination. General plan of examination and medical history (1 hour). Clinical thermometry and lymphatic system examination (1 hour). Examination of the layer, skin and mucous membranes (1 hour)
2. Examination of the head and neck (3 hours): Semiology and semiotics of the examination of the head (ears, nose, eyes, mouth, salivary glands, paranasal sinuses) and complementary examination methods: sample collection, laboratory analysis, imaging and functional tests. Clinical applications (2 hours).
Examination of the neck. Semiology and semiotics of the examination of the neck: examination of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, guttural pouches, thyroid, oesophagus, jugular veins and neck musculature (1 hour).
3. Exploration of the respiratory apparatus: Semiology and semiotics of the respiratory apparatus and complementary methods: sample collection, laboratory analysis, imaging and functional tests. Clinical applications (2 hours).
4. Exploration of the cardiovascular system: Semiology and semiotics of the cardiovascular system and complementary methods: sample collection, laboratory analysis, imaging and functional tests. Clinical applications (2 hours).
5. Examination of the digestive system: Semiology and semiotics of the digestive and complementary methods: sample collection, laboratory analysis, imaging and functional tests. Clinical applications (4 hours).
6. Examination of the genitourinary apparatus and mammary gland: Semiology and semiotics of the urinary tract, genital system and mammary gland, and complementary methods: sample collection, laboratory analysis, imaging and functional tests. Clinical applications (3 hours).
7. Examination of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems. Semiology and semiotics of the musculoskeletal and nervous system (bones, muscles, joints, CNS and Motor Neuron): complementary methods, sample collection, laboratory analysis, imaging and functional tests. Clinical applications (2 hours).
8. Clinical pathology: Study of haematology and urinalysis in veterinary science. (2 hours).

Clinical practices (37 h). Structured in 12 sessions, cows (18 hours), horses (6 hours) and dogs (13 hours), addressing the following contents:
PROPE C1. Management, general exploration and exploration of the head and neck in bovines.
PROPE C2. Examination of the cardio-respiratory system in bovines.
PROPE C3. Management and examination of head and thorax in horse.
PROPE C4. Examination of the digestive tract in bovines.
PROPE C5. Examination of the genitourinary, mammary and locomotor apparatus in bovines.
PROPE C6. Examination of the digestive system, mammary system and locomotive in horse.
PROPE C7. General handling and exploration of small animals.
PROPE C8. Examination of the head and neck in small animals.
PROPE C9. Examination of the cardiorespiratory system in small animals.
PROPE C10. Examination of the locomotor and nervous system in small animals.
PROPE C11. Digestive and genitourinary tract examination in small animals.
PROPE C12. Clinical examination of bovines on the farm

Tutorials: PROPE T1 (1 hour): Introduction to the method of study of Clinical Propaedeutic.

Basic bibliography
Birchard, S.J., Sherding, R.G. (2002) Manual clínico de procedimientos en pequeños animales. Mcgraw.Hill-Interamericana, Madrid.
Cebrián, LM.; Pastor, J.; Ramos, JJ., Ferrer, LM. (2005). La exploración clínica del ganado vacuno. Editorial Servet, Zaragoza.
Fernández Casanovas, A.; Conde, T, y Fondevila, J. (2011). La exploración clínica del caballo. Ed. Servet, Zaragoza.
García Partida, P., Prieto Montaña, F., Gutiérrez Panizo, C., Mayer Valor, R. (1999). Exploración clínica veterinaria. Ed. Universidad de León, León.
Jaksch, W., Glawischnig, E. (1978) Propedéutica clínica de las enfermedades internas de la piel de los animales domésticos. Acribia, Zaragoza.
McCurnin, D.M., Bassert, J.M. (2001) Clinical textbook for veterinary technicians. 5th ed. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
McCurnin, D.M., Poffenbarger, E.M. (1991) Small animal physical diagnosis and clinical procedures. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
Pastor Meseguer, J. (2006). Manual de Propedéutica y Biopatología Clínicas Veterinarias. 3ª ed. Mira Editores, Zaragoza.
Rijnberk, A., Vries, H.W. (1997) Anamnesis y exploración corporal de pequeños animales. Acribia, Zaragoza.
Rosenberger, G. (1994) Exploración clínica de los bovinos. 3ª ed. Hemisferio Sur, B. Aires.
Smith, BP (2009) Large animal internal medicine. 4th ed. Mosby, St. Louis.
Speirs, V.C., Wrigley, R.H., Mueller, G.E. (1997) Clinical examination of horses. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia.

Complementary bibliography.
Burk, R., Ackerman, N. (1996) Small animal radiology and ultrasonography: A diagnostic atlas and text. 2nd ed. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
Goddard, P.J. (2000) Ecografía veterinaria. Acribia, Zaragoza.
Gómez Piquer, J., y col (1992) Manual Práctico de Análisis Clínicos en Veterinaria. Mira, Zaragoza.
Kaneko, J.J., Harvey J, Bruss, M. (2008) Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals.6th ed. Academic Press, San Diego.
Kittleson, M.D., Kienle, R.D. (2000) Medicina cardiovascular de pequeños animales. Multimédica, Barcelona.
Liste, F (2010) Atlas veterinario de diagnóstico por imagen. Ed. Servet. Zaragoza.
Locke, P.H., Harvey, R.G., Mason, I.S. (2001) Manual de dermatología en pequeños animales. Colección BSAVA. Ediciones S, Barcelona.
Martin, M. (2001) ECG en Pequeños Animales. Una guía introductoria Ed. Inter-Médica, Buenos Aires
Radostits, O.M., y col. (2002) Examen y diagnóstico clínico en veterinaria. Harcourt. Madrid.
Reagan, W.J., Sanders, T.G., De Nicola, D.B. (1999) Hematología Veterinaria. Ed., Barcelona.
Salvat (1992) Diccionario Terminológico de Ciencias Médicas. 13ª ed. Salvat, Barcelona.
Sodikoff, CH. (2002) Pruebas diagnósticas y de laboratorio en pequeños animales. Una guía para el diagnóstico de laboratorio. 3ª ed. Harcourt, Madrid.
Tams, T.R. (1999) Small animal endoscopy. 2nd ed. Mosby, St. Louis.
Thrall, D.E. (1998) Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology. 3rd ed. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia.
Tilley, L. P. (1992) Essentials of canine and feline electrocardiography. 3rd ed. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
Ynaraja, E. y Montoya, J.A. (2012) Manuel de electrocardiográfica clínica canina. 2ª edición Ed. Grupo Asís Biomedia, S.L. Zaragoza

INTERESTING URL
http://www.ivis.org
http://argos.portalveterinaria.com/
http://albeitar.portalveterinaria.com/
http://www.rvc.ac.uk/Review/ocular_reflexes/
http://www.rinderskript.de
http://en.wikivet.net/Veterinary_Education_Online
http://www.usc.es/es/servizos/pfid/gruinodoc/propevet/index.html
http://www.consultavet.org/

General skills
GVUSC01. Ability to learn and adapt.
GVUSC02. Capability for analysis and synthesis.
GVUSC04. Planning and work management.
GVUSC05. Capability to put knowledge into practice.
GVUSC06. Capability to work both independently and as part of a team.

Disciplinary skills
CEDVUSC 01. General knowledge of the animals, its behaviour and the bases of its identification.
CEDVUSC 02. Structure and function of healthy animals.
CEDVUSC 03. Livestock breeding, genetic improvement, management and animal welfare.
CEDVUSC 07. Knowledge of the changes in the structure and function of the animal organism.
CEDVUSC 16. To know the basic analytical techniques and its interpretation.

Professional competences
D1VUSC 01. Obtain an accurate and relevant medical history and perform a complete clinical examination of the animal.
D1VUSC 02. Collect and send specimens with the corresponding reports.
D1VUSC 03. Perform standard laboratory tests, and interpret clinical, biological and chemical results.
D1VUSC 04. Diagnose common diseases using complementary protocols and diagnostic techniques.
D1VUSC 08. Prescribe, manage and administer properly veterinary medicines.
D1VUSC 17. Perform technical reports specific to veterinary competencies.

Academic competences
CEAVUSC 01. Analyse, synthesize and solve problems and make decisions within the scope of the Veterinary profession.
CEAVUSC 02. Be aware of the ethical responsibilities of the veterinary profession in relation to the society.
CEAVUSC 03. Disclose information obtained during the Veterinary professional practice in an easy oral and written way, with other colleagues, authorities and society in general.
CEAVUSC 04. Search and manage information related to veterinary practice.
CEAVUSC 05. Know and apply the scientific method in professional practice, including evidence-based medicine.
CEAVUSC 08. Being aware of the need to keep professional skills and knowledge up-to-date through a process of lifelong learning.

Transversal skills
CTVUSC 01. Capacity for reasoning and argument.
CTVUSC 02. Ability to obtain adequate, diverse and updated information by various means such as literature and Internet information, and critically analyse it.
CTVUSC 03. Ability to develop and present an organized and understandable text.
CTVUSC 04. Ability to make a clear, concise, and consistent public presentation
CTVUSC 05. Skill in the use of ICTs.
CTVUSC 06. Use information in a foreign language.
CTVUSC 07. Ability to solve problems through the Integration and application of knowledge.

Teaching methodology
Theoretical contents: in the first part of the theoretical classes (corresponding to each thematic area) the learning structure for each thematic area will we presented (large and small animals). The second part of each session will deal with the study of additional or complementary techniques (not seen during the practical lessons) by using audiovisual material. During each session, questions may be asked to evaluate the student's learning progression of each of the contents taught during the session, and which will contribute to the final continuous assessment grade. Class dispensation is not applicable.
Clinical practices: students will have a guide and videos containing all the materials needed to start the clinical examination of the different organs and systems in large and small animals. Before the practical session, the student would autonomously work with these materials, so that each practical session will mainly focus on learning on the animal the different exploratory mechanisms. During each clinic session, the student would demonstrate the degree of learning by repeating the learned practical procedures, as well as to develop the strategy or protocol to follow on different clinical situations. At the end of each session, questions may be asked to evaluate the student's learning progression of each of the contents taught during the session, which will contribute to the final continuous assessment grade. The PROPE C1 - PROPE C11 practices will be held at the Cebiovet facilities, the PROPE C12 practice at the Gayoso Castro farm. Class dispensation is not applicable.
Tutorial: The tutorial session will consist on the introduction of the subject, the objectives and methodology, the mechanisms of evaluation and bibliography.
A Virtual Learning Environment for the course will be available for the students at the University’s virtual campus; where teachers will upload different files for the theoretical and practical contents. As well as supplementary materials such as further reading suggestions, clinical cases, images and videos galleries, links to websites… In addition, forums will be created to resolve doubts and to make suggestions.

The assessment of the subject will be based on a system of continuous assessment (40%) and a final exam (60% of final mark).
In the continuous assessment the student must demonstrate the skills acquired in the physical examination of the animals. To do this, in each practice guide a list of the skills that students must acquire in the practice will be given. Depending on the characteristics of each practice, at the end or during the next one, the student will be assessed by an Objectively Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) on those skills. The results of each OSCE will be given on a 5-point Likert Scale: 0 = FAIL, 1 = WEAK, 2 = FAIR, 3 = GOOD, 4 = VERY GOOD. The results will be reflected on a form that students will keep throughout the semester and present at every practice for the signature of the teacher. Once all the practical sessions have been completed, teachers will collect the clinical forms and compute the results obtained throughout the semester and calculate the overall mark of the continuous assessment, and students will be informed . For those students who passed the continuous assessment but failed to pass the subject, their qualification will be maintained the next year.
The final examination test will consist of 60 multiple choice questions, or short answer questions (definitions, completing phrases or looking relationship between concepts) or images/videos/sounds where the theoretical knowledge acquired both in theoretical (in the classroom) and in practical sessions (examination room/stables/laboratory) will be assessed. If long essay questions are presented in the exam, each one long question will substitute to ten multiple choice or short questions. The student will pass the subject (i) if the sum of the marks of continuous and written assessments is above 5.0 on a 0-10 scale, and (ii) the student achieved at least the 50%.
During each activity, questions may be asked to evaluate the student's learning progression of each of the contents taught during the activity, which will contribute to the final continuous assessment grade. Class dispensation is not available.
For cases of fraudulent performance of exercises or tests, the provisions of article 16 of the Regulations for the Evaluation of Academic Performance and Qualification Review on plagiarism in the tests will be applicable.
The exam schedule, approved by the Board of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at its meeting will be available (room, data and hour) at the institutional webpage. For the call of July, exposed in the institutional webpage, it is only possible to improve the mark obtained in the written part of the assessment, maintaining the mark obtained in the continuous assessment.

IN CLASSROOM WORKLOAD (6Oh)
Lectures: 22h
Clinical practices: 37h
Tutorials in small groups: 1h

SELF DIRECTED LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL STUDY OF THE STUDENT (90h)
Individual study: 35h
Practices reports: 40h
Use of learning resources: 4h
Clinical cases resolutions: 6h
Assessment 5 h

TOTAL (150h)

Students are encouraged to have basic knowledge of disciplines such as anatomy, ethnology and physiology and other disciplines of the first cycle, which will help to accelerate student learning and understanding in this matter. We recommend a basic knowledge of English, since much of this literature is language.

For cases of fraudulent performance of exercises or tests, the provisions of article 16 of the Regulations for the Evaluation of Academic Performance and Qualification Review on plagiarism in the tests will be applicable.