General Chemistry

Acquisition and consolidation, by the students, of the basic knowledge of Chemistry related to the nucleus, atomic structure, bonding and with the acid-base and oxidation-reduction processes, which are necessary for them to understand and rationalize the teachings of others chronologically subsequent subjects of the degree in Pharmacy.

Theoretical program
LESSON 1
Bases of the modern theory of the atom. Elementary application of wave mechanics. Quantum numbers. Structure of polyelectronic atoms. Periodicity of atomic electronic structures. Ionization energy. Electronic affinity. Periodic table of elements.

LESSON 2
Bond general approach. Bond in discrete atomic groupings: molecules. Introduction to molecular geometry: some significant examples. Predictive approach: T.R.P.E.C.V. Diatomic molecules: T.O.M. CLOA approach. Electronic structures of some homonuclear molecules. Bond polarity and electronegativity.

LESSON 3
Introduction to the treatment of polyatomic molecules. Justification of the structural aspects of polyatomic molecules. Hybridization. Polarity and dipole moment in polyatomic systems.

LESSON 4
The bond in condensed phases. Ionic bond: structural aspects. Energy considerations: lattice energy.

LESSON 5
Weak bonding forces: different types. Hydrogen bond.

LESSON 6
Chemical equilibrium in solution. Acids and bases: definitions. Acid-base force. Acidity and basicity constants. Equilibrium of self-dissociation of water. Specific examples of strong and weak acids and bases.

LESSON 7
Behavior of salts in aqueous solution: hydrolysis. Buffer solutions.

LESSON 8
Oxidation - reduction reactions. Qualitative aspects and revision of fundamental concepts. Quantitative aspects. Red-ox potentials. Effects of concentration. Specific examples of oxidants and reducers.

LESSON 9:
The nucleus. Nuclear reactions. Radioactivity. Nuclear stability Radioactive series. Nuclear fission and fusion. Units of radioactivity.

Experimental program
Practice 1: Obtaining sodium peroxoborate. Determination of its purity.
Practice 2: Separation of a mixture.
Practice 3: Reactions of species in solution.
Practice 4: Obtaining sodium bicarbonate.

Basic.
• Petrucci R.H., Harwood W.S. y Herring F.G., Química General, 12ª ed.; Pearson, 2017.

Other reading.
• Brown T.L., LeMay H.E. Jr. y Bursten B.E.; Química. La Ciencia Central, 12ª ed., Pearson, 2013.
• Atkins, P. y Jones, L.: Principios de Química, 3ª ed.; Ed. Médica Panamericana, 2006.
• Goldsbsby, K. y Chang, R: Química, 12ª ed.; McGraw-Hill, 2016.
• Masterton, W.L. y Hurley, C.N.: Química. Principios y reacciones, 4ª ed.; Paraninfo Cengage Learning, 2003.
• Kotz, J.C. y Treichel, P.M.: Química y reactividad química, 5ª ed.; Thomson, 2003

Knowledge:
Know 10. Know one's own limitations and the need to maintain and update professional competence, paying special importance to self-learning of new knowledge based on available scientific evidence.
Know 11. Know the physical and chemical characteristics of the substances used to manufacture medicines.
Know 12. Know and understand the characteristics of reactions in solution, the different states of matter and the principles of thermodynamics and their application to pharmaceutical sciences.
Know 13. Know and understand the characteristic properties of elements and their compounds, as well as their application in the pharmaceutical field.
Know 14. Know and understand the nature and behavior of functional groups in organic molecules.
Know 15. Know the principles and procedures for the analytical determination of compounds: analytical techniques applied to the analysis of water, food and the environment.
Know 16. Know and apply the main structural research techniques including spectroscopy.

Skills or abilities:
H/D 07. Select the appropriate techniques and procedures in the design, application and evaluation of reagents, methods and analytical techniques.
H/D 08. Carry out standard laboratory processes including the use of scientific synthesis and analysis equipment, including appropriate instrumentation.
H/D 09. Estimate the risks associated with the use of chemical substances and laboratory processes.

Competencies:
Comp 01. Capacity for analysis and synthesis.
Comp 02. Ability to organize and plan
Comp 06. Information management skills (ability to search and analyze information from diverse sources).
Comp 07. Problem solving.
Comp 08. Decision making.
Comp 10. Critical capacity and self-criticism.
Comp 11. Teamwork.
Comp 18. Ability to apply knowledge in practice.
Comp 20. Ability to learn.

1.Large groups lectures. (EC)
Classes given by the professor on the most relevant aspects of the subject. The teacher can count on the support of computer and audiovisual media. The USC virtual platform will serve as support and complement to the theoretical teaching.

2. Interactive classes in small groups. Seminars, (S)
Theoretical / practical classes dedicated to solving the bulletins of questions and problems that, previously, will be delivered to the students, and that will allow them to determine the degree of use of the personal work carried out. The student must actively participate in these classes. Evaluative tests can be included.


3. Practical laboratory classes. Practices (L)
In these classes the student acquires the skills of a laboratory and consolidates the knowledge acquired in the theory classes. For these practices, the student will have a manual of laboratory practices, which will include general considerations about the work in the laboratory, as well as a script for each of the practices to be carried out, which will consist of a brief presentation of the fundamentals, the methodology to be followed and an indication of the calculations to be carried out and results to be presented. Students must attend each practice session having carefully read the content of this manual and previously carrying out the necessary calculations to be able to carry out the experimental work. At the beginning of each practical session, the student must demonstrate that he understands the work to be carried out in the laboratory. Subsequently, the experimental part will be carried out in the laboratory, collecting in the laboratory diary the development of the practice and the calculations and results that proceed. The results of the practices, as well as the answers to the questions raised in the scripts, will be evaluated.
Attendance at these classes is compulsory. The absences must be justified by documentation. Practices not carried out will be made up, if possible, in agreement with the teacher and within the scheduled time for the subject.
The student will not be evaluated if he does not complete and pass the practices of the subject.
The laboratory practices will be carried out in groups of 20 students.

4. Blackboard tutorials (T)
These tutorials are aimed at solving doubts about theory or practices, but they can also pose problems or exercises to be solved individually or in small work groups. They will be taught in person.

-The student will not be evaluated if he/she does not perform and pass the laboratory practices.
-The subject is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical, which will be evaluated separately.
-The theoretical part of the subject will be evaluated with a final test, which will account for 80% of the final grade. It will consist of short questions and problems aimed at making the student reason about the subject studied, as well as questions related to practices. from laboratory. Evaluation controls may be carried out throughout the course in order to help the student in following the subject.
-The evaluation of the theoretical test will be complemented with the assessment obtained from the student in the aspects related to the performance of the exercises and/or problems suggested by the teacher. The evaluation control tests carried out and participation in seminars and tutorials will be valued, as well as the completion of individual or group work. In the final evaluation these aspects will account for 20% of the final grade. In order to access the qualification corresponding to the continuous evaluation, attendance at the interactive classes is an essential requirement. Exceptionally, students who repeat the subject will not have to attend the interactive seminar classes, if they request it in writing to the teacher. In this case, the grade corresponding to the interactive classes of the previous course(s) will be maintained.

- In the practices, the opinion obtained about the student in the work sessions in the laboratory and his/her practice notebook will be taken into account. Issues related to work in the laboratory will be taken into account on the one hand and those related to the preparation of the laboratory diary on the other. The qualification of the practices will be “passable” or “not suitable”. Students not suitable for internships will fail the subject. The student who does not complete all the practices will be classified as “Failed”. Repeating students will retain the qualification for the practical part for a period of five years.

- The student must obtain five points out of ten and a pass grade in the practices to pass the subject.

- In the second call of the academic year, only the theoretical test exam will be taken, maintaining the grade corresponding to the continuous evaluation obtained during the course. The maximum grade on which the exam will be graded will be the same as in the first call. The requirements of having completed and approved the internship will also be maintained.

In cases of fraudulent completion of exercises or tests, what is included in the "Regulations for evaluating the academic performance of students and reviewing grades" will apply.

The evaluation of the knowledge, skills and competencies acquired in the subject will be carried out through the following means:
In the theoretical exam: Know 10, Know 12, Know 13, Know 14, Know 23. Comp 01, Comp 07, Comp 18.
In laboratory practices: Know 03, H/D 07, ​​H/D 08, H/D 09
In interactive classes: Know. 10, Know. 11, Know. 12, Comp 07, Comp 10, Comp11, Comp. 18, Comp. 20

The face-to-face activities of this subject correspond to 60 hours.
The student must carry out personal work corresponding to 90 hours to complement these activities.

IN-PERSON WORK IN THE CLASSROOM:
-Expository classes in large group: 30 h.
-Interactive teaching seminar: 10 h.
-Tutoring of students: 2 h.
-Interactive laboratory teaching: 14 h
-Exams and review: 4 hours.
-Total hours of face-to-face work in the classroom or laboratory: 60 hours.

PERSONAL STUDENT WORK:
-Individual or group autonomous study: 52 hours.
-Readings and resolution of exercises or other work: 2 p.m.
-Orientation and resolution of doubts: 4 h.
-Preparation of laboratory work and preparation of the practical report: 6 h.
-Exam completion and review: 2 p.m.
-Total personal work hours of the student: 90 h.

-It is advisable to attend the expository classes.
-It is important to keep the study of the subject up to date.
-Once you have finished reading a topic in the reference manual, it is useful to summarize the important points, identifying the basic equations that must be remembered and making sure you know both their meaning and the conditions under which they can be applied
-Problem solving is essential for learning this subject. It may be helpful to follow these steps:
(1) Make a list of all the relevant information provided by the statement. (2) Make a list of the quantities that must be calculated. (3) Identify the equations to use in solving the problem and apply them correctly.
-It is essential to prepare the practices before entering the laboratory. First of all, the important theoretical concepts in each experiment must be reviewed and, then, it is necessary to carefully read the practice script, trying to understand the objectives and development of the proposed experiment. Any questions that may arise should be consulted with the teacher.

Recommendations for evaluation:
Students must review the theoretical concepts introduced in the different topics. The degree of success in solving the proposed exercises is a measure of the students' preparation to face the final exam of the subject. Those students who present significant difficulties when working on the proposed activities must attend tutoring hours in order to be able to analyze the problem and help resolve the corresponding difficulties.

Recommendations for recovery:
The teacher will analyze with those students who do not successfully pass the evaluation process, if they wish, the difficulties encountered in the contents of the subject.


In cases of fraudulent completion of exercises or evaluation tests, the provisions of the "Regulations for evaluating the academic performance of students and reviewing grades" will apply.

The subject is taught in SpanishRecommendations related to the assessment:
The student should review the theoretical concepts of each unit. The number of correct choices in the proposed exercises indicates the students’ preparation to confront the subject’s final examination. Those students that find important difficulties in the proposed activities should use the teacher’s tutorial time to analyze the problem and to help to resolve any difficulties.

Recommendations related to the extraordinary exam:
Together with the students, the teacher will analyze the evaluation process and if so, any difficulties in the learning of the subject contents.

In cases of fraudulent completion of exercises and tests, the provisions of the "Regulations for the validation of academic performance for students and for the review of qualifications" shall apply