Pharmacology

1. Due to its methodology and content, pharmacology contributes to the better understanding and strengthening of the biological bases of Medicine (Physiology and Biochemistry) and Pathology.
2. Introduction to understanding the general mechanisms of action of drugs (Pharmacodynamics) and their destination in the body (Pharmacokinetics).
3. Know the main classes of drugs, their clinical use, and their effects at the level of tissues, organs, or systems, acquiring a reasonable knowledge of their pharmacological profile, mechanisms of action, adverse reactions, and the consequences of drug interactions.

LECTURES
PART I: GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF ACTION OF DRUGS
Lesson 1: Pharmacology. Basic concepts. Division and importance from a medical point of view.
Lesson 2: Pharmacokinetics: Passage of drugs through biological membranes. Routes of drug administration. Absorption. Distribution.
Lesson 3: Pharmacokinetics: Biotransformation and excretion of drugs.
Lesson 4: Pharmacokinetics: General concepts. Pharmacokinetic models.
Lesson 5: Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of action of drugs. Drug-receptor interaction. Dose-response curve
Lesson 6: Adverse reactions: Classification. Mechanisms.
Lesson 7: Drug interactions: Mechanisms. Interactions with higher significant clinical relevance.

PART II: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE MOTOR PLATE
Lesson 8: Introduction to the pharmacology of the autonomic and peripheral nervous system.
Lesson 9: Adrenergic agonist and antagonist drugs.
Lesson 10: Cholinergic agonist and antagonist drugs.
Lesson 11: Muscle relaxant drugs.
Lesson 12: Local anesthetics.

PART III. PHARMACOLOGY OF INFLAMMATION, PAIN, AND FEVER
Lesson 13: Mediators of inflammation. Pharmacological targets.
Lesson 14: Non-steroidal analgesic-anti-inflammatory drugs.
Lesson 15: Anti-gout drugs. Antirheumatic drugs.
Lesson 16: Opioid analgesic drugs.

PART IV: CNS PHARMACOLOGY
Lesson 17: General anesthetic drugs.
Lesson 18: Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs.
Lesson 19: Antidepressant and antimanic drugs.
Lesson 20: Antipsychotic drugs.
Lesson 21: Anticonvulsant and antiepileptic drugs.
Lesson 22: Pharmacology of neurodegenerative disorders.

PART V: CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
Lesson 23: Diuretic drugs.
Lesson 24: Pharmacology of arterial hypertension.
Lesson 25: Drugs useful in the treatment of heart failure.
Lesson 26: Antiarrhythmic drugs.
Lesson 27: Antianginal drugs.
Lesson 28: Lipid-lowering drugs.

PART VI: BLOOD PHARMACOLOGY
Lesson 29: Antianemic drugs. Hematopoietic growth factors.
Lesson 30: Platelet pharmacology, coagulation and fibrinolysis.

PART VII: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Lesson 31: Bronchodilator and anti-asthmatic drugs. Mucolytics and expectorants. Antitussives.

PART VIII: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Lesson 32: Pharmacology of gastrointestinal secretion.
Lesson 33: Pharmacology of gastrointestinal motility. Pharmacology of vomiting. Laxative and antidiarrheal drugs.

PART IX: PHARMACOLOGY OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Lesson 34: Pharmacology of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus.
Lesson 35: Thyroid hormones. Antithyroid drugs.
Lesson 36: Pharmacology of bone metabolism and its regulation.
Lesson 37: Pharmacology of diabetes.
Lesson 38: Hormones of the adrenal cortex: Glucocorticoids. Mineralocorticoids.
Lesson 39: Sexual hormones: Estrogens and progestogens. Androgens. Hormonal contraceptives. Urogenital pharmacology.

PART X: NEOPLASM AND IMMUNITY
Lesson 40: Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs.
Lesson 41: Antineoplastic drugs.

PART XI: PHARMACOLOGY OF INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Lesson 42: Antibacterial drugs.
Lesson 43: Antiviral drugs.
Lesson 44: Pharmacology of mycobacterial infections. Antifungal drugs. Antiparasitic drugs


SEMINARS
Seminar 1: Use of drugs in particular situations.
Seminar 2: Writing medical prescriptions and preparing a treatment order.

PRACTICES
Practice 1: Computer simulation of an isolated organ experiment to analyze dose-response curves.
Practice 2: Effect of drugs on blood pressure and heart rate. Explanatory video and computer simulation.
Practice 3: Actions of drugs in the Central Nervous System.

BOOKS
- Ritter JM, Flower R, Henderson G, Kong Loke Y, MacEwan D, Robinson E, Fullerton J (eds.). Rang & Dale Pharmacology, 10th ed. Elsevier, 2023.
- Brunton L, Knollmann BC (eds.). Goodman & Gilman's Las bases Farmacológicas de la Terapéutica, 14ª ed. Mc Graw Hill, 2023.
- Wecker L, Ingram S (eds.). Brody's Human Pharmacology. Mechanism Based Therapeutics, 67th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences Division, 2024.
- Stevens CA (ed.). Brenner and Stevens’ Pharmacology, 6 ed. Elsevier, 2022.
- Florez J. Armijo JA, Mediavilla A (eds). Farmacología Humana, 6ª ed. Elsevier-Masson, 2013.
- Lorenzo Fernández PL, Moreno González A, Leza Cerro JC, Lizasoain Hernández I, Moro Sánchez MA, Portolés Pérez A (eds). Velázquez. Farmacología Básica y Clínica, 19 ed. Editorial Panamericana, 2018.

WEBSITES
- National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (UK) http://www.nice.org.uk
- Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios http://www.agemed.es
- European Medicines Agency http://www.ema.europa.eu
- Food and Drug Administration (USA) http://www.fda.gov
- NIH Pubmed http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
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COMPETENCIES OF THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE SUBJECT CONTRIBUTES:
- Understand the basis of action, indications, and effectiveness of therapeutic interventions based on possible scientific evidence.
- Know, critically evaluate, and know how to use clinical and biomedical information sources to obtain, organize, interpret, and communicate scientific and health information.
- Know how to use information and communication technologies in clinical, therapeutic, preventive, and research activities.

SUBJECT-SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES:
- Know the main groups of drugs, doses, routes of administration, and pharmacokinetics.
- Interactions and adverse effects.
- Pharmacology of the different devices and systems.
- Analgesic, antineoplastic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory drugs.

EXPOSITIVE, INTERACTIVE SEMINAR CLASSES AND TUTORIALS
- Expositive: in person in the classroom.
- Seminar interactives: face-to-face in the classroom.

PRACTICAL CLASSES
- Practices: in person in the Pharmacology Department Laboratory Classroom.

CONTINUOUS EVALUATION (will represent 30% of the final grade)
- Continuous evaluation of knowledge and class participation throughout the course (it will represent 10% of the final grade).
- Seminars (will represent 10% of the final grade): A continuous evaluation of specific skills will be carried out through tutoring of the student's work at the teacher's proposal. Attendance at all seminars is mandatory to pass the subject.
- Practical classes (will represent 10% of the final grade): The acquisition of some specific skills will be evaluated. Attendance at all practices is mandatory to pass the subject.

FINAL EXAM (will represent 70% of the final grade):
- The multiple-choice exam will have four answer options and only one true answer. For each wrong answer, 0.33 will be deducted from the correct answers. It is necessary to obtain a grade equal to or greater than 5 out of 10 in the exam to pass the subject. The student must pass at least 25% of the grade corresponding to each teacher's subject.
- In the second call, the type of exam and the score to pass the subject will be the same as in the first call.

IN-PERSON: 68 hours distributed in:
- Expository classes: 47
- Interactive Seminars: 4
- Interactive Laboratory: 6
- Tutorials: 9
- Evaluation test: 2
STUDENT PERSONAL WORK: 82 hours

- Attendance at all face-to-face activities related to the teaching of the subject.
- Monitoring and periodic reading of the texts and other materials the teacher recommends.
- Use of tutorials to resolve doubts the student has concerning the contents taught.
- Finally, the student must focus their study on understanding the concepts taught and their possible application in the medical field, never limiting themselves to simply assimilating the information.