Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy

1. Understanding the conceptual aspects of the development of a medicine, and the methodological bases of evaluating human drugs (clinical trial, pharmacovigilance).
2. Develop attitudes for the prescription and rational use of medications, assimilate the concepts of safety, efficacy, and effectiveness, and acquire critical capacity for evaluating scientific literature related to clinical drug research.
3. That the student understands that Pharmacotherapy is based on very diverse knowledge and information about the diagnosis, the characteristics of the patient (physiological and pathological), and the pharmacological profile (efficacy, effectiveness, and safety) of the pharmacological treatments, to carry out an adequate selection of them.

LECTURES
DRUG EVALUATION
Lesson 1. Discovery and development of new drugs. The Clinical Trial.

PRESCRIPTION
Lesson 2. Medication selection criteria. Bioequivalence. Monitoring. Therapeutic compliance. Personalized medicine. Security. Simulation models. Pharmacoepidemiology, Pharmacoeconomics.
Lesson 3. Genetic factors that condition the response to medications.
Lesson 4. Physiological factors that modify medication response: age, pregnancy, lactation.
Lesson 5. Pathological factors that influence the response to medications.

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Lesson 6. Use of medications in cardiovascular pathology (I): Arterial Hypertension
Lesson 7. Use of medications in cardiovascular pathology (II): Heart Failure
Lesson 8. Use of medications in cardiovascular pathology (III): Ischemic Heart Disease
Lesson 9. Use of medications in cardiovascular pathology (IV): Dyslipidemia

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
Lesson 10. Use of medications in diseases of the respiratory system

IMMUNE DISEASES
Lesson 11. Use of medications in immune diseases.

DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Topics 12. Use of medications in digestive pathology.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Lesson 13. Use of medications in neurodegenerative diseases.
Lesson 14. Use of medications in psychiatric pathologies.

HEMATOLOGY
Lesson 15. Anaemia.
Lesson 16. Blood coagulation.

PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH AGING.
Lesson 17. Menopause and Andropause.
Lesson 18. Management of diabetic patients.
Lesson 19. Osteo-articular degenerative processes.

PAIN
Lesson 20. Pharmacological treatment of pain.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Lesson 21. Essential criteria for anti-infective therapy
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SEMINARS:
SEMINAR 1 and 2. Life Support
SEMINAR 3. Adverse reactions to medications: Evaluation of imputability and communication to pharmacovigilance systems. Clinical cases.
SEMINAR 4. Practical seminar on clinical cases of infectious diseases.
SEMINAR 5. Drug interactions: resolution of clinical cases using databases and bibliography.

BOOKS
Ritter JM, Flower R, Henderson G, Kong Loke Y, MacEwan D, Robinson E, Fullerton J (eds). Rang & Dale Pharmacology, 10th ed. Elsevier, 2023.
Brunton L, Knollmann BC (eds). Goodman & Gilman's Las bases Farmacológicas de la Terapéutica, 14ª ed. Mc Graw Hill, 2023.
Wecker L, Ingram S (eds). Brody's Human Pharmacology. Mechanism Based Therapeutics, 67th ed. Elsevier Health Sciences Division, 2024.
Zeind CS, Carvalho MG, Cheng JW, Zaiken K, LaPointe T. Applied Therapeutics. The clinical use of drugs, 12th ed. Wolters Kluver, 2023.
Schwinghammer TL, DiPiro JT, Ellingrod VL, DiPiro CV. DiPiro, Pharmacotherapy Handbook, 12th ed. McGraw-Hill Medical, 2023.
García Gil D, Benítez Macías JF, Domínguez Fuentes MB, Mensa Pueyo J (eds). Terapéutica Médica en Urgencias, 6ª ed. Médica Panamericana, 2021.

WEBPAGES
National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (UK): http://www.nice.org.uk
Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios: http://www.agemed.es
European Medicines Agency: http://www.ema.europa.eu
Food and Drug Administration (USA): http://www.fda.gov
NIH Pubmed: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
Guía terapéutica en atención primaria: basada en la selección razonada de medicamentos. Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria. https://www.guiaterapeutica.net

COMPETENCIES OF THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE SUBJECT CONTRIBUTES:
- Understand the basis of action, indications, and effectiveness of therapeutic interventions based on the available scientific evidence.
- Indicate the most appropriate therapy for the most prevalent acute and chronic processes and patients in the terminal phase.
- Know, critically evaluate, and know how to use clinical and biomedical information sources to obtain, organize, interpret, and communicate scientific and health information.
- Know how to use information and communication technologies in clinical, therapeutic, preventive, and research activities.

SUBJECT-SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES:
- Assess the risk/benefit relationship of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
- Interactions and adverse effects.
- Prescription and pharmacovigilance.
- Know how to use the various drugs properly.
- Correctly write medical prescriptions adapted to each patient's situation and legal requirements.

EXPOSITIVE, INTERACTIVE SEMINAR CLASSES AND TUTORIALS
- Lectures: in person in the classroom.
- Interactive seminars: face-to-face in the classroom.

CONTINUOUS EVALUATION (will represent 30% of the final grade):
- Continuous evaluation of knowledge and class participation throughout the course (represents 20% of the final grade).
- Seminars (represents 10% of the final grade): A continuous evaluation of specific skills will be carried out by tutoring the student's work at the teacher's proposal. Attendance at all seminars is mandatory to pass the subject.

FINAL EXAM (will represent 70% of the final grade):
The multiple-choice exam will have four answer options and only one true answer. For each wrong answer, 0.33 will be deducted from the correct answers. It is necessary to obtain a grade equal to or greater than 5 out of 10 in the exam to pass the subject. The student must pass at least 25% of the grade corresponding to each teacher's subject. In the second call, the type of exam and the score to pass the subject will be the same as in the first call.

IN-PERSON: 43 hours distributed in:
- Expository classes: 30
- Interactive Seminars: 10
- Tutorials: 2
- Evaluation test: 1
STUDENT PERSONAL WORK: 32 hours

- Attendance at all face-to-face activities related to the teaching of the subject.
- Monitoring and periodic reading of the texts and other materials the teacher recommends.
- Use of tutorials to resolve doubts the student has concerning the contents taught.
- Finally, the student must focus their study on understanding the concepts taught and their possible application in the medical field, never limiting themselves to simply assimilating the information.