Fruit Farming I

Course objectives
A.- GENERIC OBJECTIVE: That the students of Fruit Culture know the foundations and the applicable technologies to the production and acquire the abilities and competitions necessary to plan, design and execute projects of fruit crops, as well as management of integral and sustainable form productive business processes, through meaningful and constructivist learning.
B.- SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: The specific objectives, cognitive and procedural, are to:
- Recognize fruit species and understand the current problems and new crop trends.
- Apply botanical knowledge and plant physiology to fruit species and deepen the processes of vegetative development, flowering, pollination, fertilization and fruit development.
- Analyze, forecast and interpret the possible effects of the ecological environment on crops and their influence on the decision-making related to the establishment and management of fruit plantations.
- Know the plant material used in the fruit crop, being able to select species, patterns and varieties for each specific situation and assess the importance of the conservation of plant genetic resources.
- Know the techniques of soil preparation and planting of fruit species.
- Review the fundamentals and apply the knowledge on techniques of propagation of fruit species, so that it acquires skill in the realization of grafts and cuttings.
- Know the different cultivation techniques applicable to fruit plantations and be able to choose, program and apply the most appropriate to each case, depending on the agronomic conditions.
- Know the development habits, criteria and techniques applicable to the formation and production of fruit species and properly handle the precise tools.
- Know the problems of the harvest and the criteria of fruit quality.
- Value scientific research as a way to solve problems.

The Memory includes the following contents for this subject: Morphology and physiology of the fruit tree. Environment and ecology of the fruit tree orchards. Multiplication and propagation of fruit species. Design and establishment of plantations. Cultivation techniques. Technical-economic management of the fruit exploitation. Legal aspects involved in the fruit activity.
These contents will be developed according to the following agenda:
THEMATIC BLOCK I. INTRODUCTION TO FRUIT. 3 h P (presential) and 3 h NP (non presencial)
Topic 1. CONCEPT OF FRUIT.
THEMATIC BLOCK II. FRUIT BIOLOGY. 7 h P (presential) and 7 h NP (non presencial)
Topic 2. ORGANOGRAPHY OF FRUTAL: RADICAL SYSTEM AND AIREAL PART.
Topic 3. VEGETATIVE AND PRODUCTIVE FORMATIONS.
Topic 4. ANNUAL CYCLES OF FRUIT TREES.
Topic 5. MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF FLOWERING.
Topic 6. PHYSIOLOGY OF FERTILITY AND FRUCTIFICATION.
Topic 7. SETTING, DEVELOPMENT AND MATURATION OF FRUIT.
THEMATIC BLOCK III. THE ENVIRONMENT. 7 h P (presential) and 7 h NP (non presencial)
Topic 8. THE SOIL.
Topic 9. CLIMATE AND FRUIT CROPS.
THEMATIC BLOCK IV. PROPAGATION OF VEGETABLE MATERIAL.
Topic 10. VEGETABLE MATERIAL
Topic 11. METHODS OF PROPAGATION OF FRUIT SPECIES.
5. THEMATIC BLOCK V. TECHNOLOGY OF FRUIT PRODUCTION: ESTABLISHMENT OF CULTURAL PLANTATIONS AND WORK. 7 h P (presential) and 7 h NP (non presencial)Topic 12. DESIGN AND ESTABLISHMENT OF PLANTATIONS.
Topic 13. MAINTENANCE OF THE SOIL. Topic 14. THE PRUNING: PURPOSE, PRINCIPLES AND TYPES.
6. THEMATIC BLOCK VI. INTERACTIVE HOURS (SEMINARS AND PRACTICES). 18 h P (presential) and 18 h NP (non presencial)
Practice 1. Visit to the fruit crop collections of the EPS. Field practice.
Practice 2. Morphology of fruit trees. Field and laboratory practice.
Practice 3. Propagation: seeds, grafts, cuttings, layering. Field practice.
Practice 4. Pruning. Field practice.
Practice 5. Criteria of quality and maturation of the fruits. Laboratory practice.
SEMINAR 1. SEXUAL PROPAGATION
SEMINAR 2. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
SEMINAR 3. PRUNNING I.
SEMINAR 4. PRUNING II.
SEMINAR 5. Projects of fruit plantations.

Individual works: 12 h P (presential) and 12 h NP (non presencial)
Individual work: Project of fruit plantations.
Individual work: Ellaboration of a glosary of terms Gallician/Spanish/English

Field trip. 6 h P (presential) and 6 h NP (non presencial). Visit to fruit plantations in Lugo, where blueberries, raspberries, blackberries and strawberries are currently produced in the soil and in hydroponic conditions with the latest varieties and technology. The visit is mandatory and evaluable with an individual summary of the content of the visit: plant material, soil preparation, plant design, machinery used, fertilization, phytosanitary treatments, pruning, marketing.

BLOCK 1-5. Competences CG1, CEG5, CT1, CT12, HJ8, HJ1, HJ2, MC1
BLOCK 6. Competences CG1, CEG5, CT1, CT2, HJ1, HJ2, HJ4, HJ5, HJ8, MC1
Works. CT1, CT2, CT12, CG1, CEG5, CEG6, HJ4, HJ5, HJ8, MC1

Basic:
Sansavini, S., Costa, G., Gucci, R., Inglese, P., Ramina, A., Xiloyannis, C., and Desjardins,Y., eds. (2019). Principles of Modern Fruit Science (Leuven, Belgium: ISHS), pp.421. ISBN 978-94-6261-204-4.
AGUSTÍ, M. 2010. Fruticultura. Ed. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid.
FERNANDEZ-ESCOBAR, R. 2019. Planificación y diseño de plantaciones frutales. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid. CAFR 484
GIL-ALBERT, F. 1996. Tratado de Arboricultura Frutal. Vol. I: Morfología y fisiología del árbol frutal. Ed. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid. CAFR 12
GIL-ALBERT, F. 1998. Tratado de A. Frutal. Vol. II: La ecología del árbol frutal. Ed. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid. CAFR 20
GIL-ALBERT, F. 1995. Tratado de Arboricultura Frutal. Vol. IV: Técnicas de mantenimiento de suelo. Ed. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid. CAFR 196

Complementary:
BALDINI, E. 1992. Arboricultura General. Ed. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid. CAFR 337
BADENES, M.L.; BYRNE, D.H. 2012. Fruit breeding / Springer Series “Handbook of Plant Breeding” (M.L. Badenes and D. Byrne eds.), XVI, Springer, 875 pp.
BECCARO Gabriele, Alberto Alma, Giancarlo Bounous, José Gomes-Laranjo. The chestnut handbook. Crop and forest management. . CRC Press, 53-119. 2020. ISBN -13:978-1-138-33402-1 (Hardback)BRETAUDEAU, J.; FAURE, Y. 1992. Atlas d’arboriculture fruitière. Ed. Tech. et Doc., Lavoisier, Paris. CAFR 88
BRUCE MACDONALD. 2006. Practical Woody Plant Propagation for Nursery Growers. Timber Press. ISBN-10: 0881928402. ISBN-13: 978-0881928402
COLETO, J. M. 1995. Crecimiento y desarrollo de las especies frutales. Ed. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid. CAFR 267
COUTANCEAU, M., 1.997. Fruticultura. Ed. Oikos-Tau, Barcelona. CAFR 364
COQUE, M.; DÍAZ, M. B. 2005. Poda de frutales y técnicas de propagación y plantación. Ed. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid. CAFR 282
DÍAZ, M. B.; RAMOS A. M.; PEREIRA, S. 2007. Estudio comparativo de los principales cultivares de manzano "Malus x domestica" de Asturias, País Vasco y Galicia. Ed. INITAA, Madrid.
DÍAZ-HERNÁNDEZ, M.B.; CIORDIA-ARA, M.; RAMOS-CABRER, A.M.; PEREIRA-LORENZO, S. 2009. Cultivares de castaño (Castanea sativa Mill.) de Asturias. SERIDA, 1-81 (2009). ISBN: 978-84-8367-063-7
Díaz Losada, E.; Orriols Fernández, I.; Rego Martínez, F.; Tato Salgado, A.; Ramos-Cabrer, A.M.; Pereira-Lorenzo, S. 2012. La colección de vid de la Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia. Xunta de Galicia, 2012, 383 pp. ISBN:978-84-453-5003-4. http://83.165.217.41/ebooks/156843643/index.html#/4/zoomed
HIDALGO, L. 1999. Tratado de viticultura general. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid, 1172 p.
GAUTIER, M. 1988. La culture fruitière. Ed. Technique el Documentación, Lavoisier, Paris.
MICHAEL A. Dirr (Autor), CHARLES W. HEUSER (Autor). 2009. Reference Manual of Woody Plant Propagation: From Seed to Tissue Culture. Timber Press; Edición: 2nd edition (5 de enero de 2009). ISBN-10: 1604690046. ISBN-13: 978-1604690040
Nuez, F.; Llácer, V. 2001. La Horticultura española Sociedad Española de Ciencias Hortícolas, 382-385.
PEREIRA-LORENZO, S.; FERNANDEZ-LOPEZ, J. 1997. Los cultivares autóctonos de castaño (Castanea sativa Mill.) en Galicia. Monografías I.N.I.A., Madrid, 99, 1-533
PEREIRA-LORENZO, S.; ASCASÍBAR-ERRASTI, J.; RAMOS-CABRER, A.M.; PIÑEIRO-ANDIÓN, J. 2002. Colección de cultivares autóctonos gallegos de manzano (Malus x domestica) del Banco de Germoplasma de Mabegondo. Monografía INIA-Serie Agricultura, 9, 1-466
PEREIRA-LORENZO, S.; RAMOS-CABRER, A.M. 2003. Características morfológicas e isoenzimáticas de los cultivares de castaño (Castanea sativa Mill.) de Andalucía. Monografías INIA: Agrícola, 13, 1-160
Pereira-Lorenzo, S.; Ramos-Cabrer, A.M.; Fischer, M. 2009. Breeding apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.). In: Breeding Plantation Tree Crops: Temperate Species Springer (S.M. Jain, P.M. Priyadarshan eds.), 33-83 (2009). ISBN: 978-0-387-71202-4. Springer Science+Business Media, DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71203-1_2.
Pereira-Lorenzo S.; Díaz-Hernández, M.B.; Ramos-Cabrer, A.M. 2009. Spain. In: Following chestnut footprints (Castanea sativa L.) (Damiato and Bounous eds.). 2009. Scripta Horticulturae n° 9, 143-148. International Society for the Horticultural Science. ISBN: 978-90-6605-632-9.
Varios. 2020. The chestnut handbook. Crop and forest management. Edited by: Gabriele Beccaro, Alberto Alma, Giancarlo Bounous, José Gomes-Laranjo. CRC Press, 53-119. 2020. ISBN -13:978-1-138-33402-1 (Hardback)

BASIC and GENERAL
CG1 - Knowledge of basic, scientific and technological subjects that allow continuous learning, as well as an ability to adapt to new situations or changing environments.
TRANSVERSAL
CT1 - Analysis and synthesis capacity
CT2 - Ability for reasoning and argumentation
CT11 Use of informatio in foreign language
CT12 - Ability to solve problems through the integrated application of their knowledge.
SPECIFIC
CEG5 - Ability to write and sign rural development, environmental impact and waste management studies for the agri-food industries, agricultural and livestock farms, and spaces related to gardening and landscaping.
CEG6 - Ability to work in multidisciplinary and multicultural teams.
HJ1 - Ability to know, understand and use the principles of technology of Fruit and Vegetable Production
HJ2 - Ability to know, understand and use the basic principles and technology of horticultural, fruit and ornamental propagation and production. Quality control of fruit and vegetable products. Commercialization.
HJ4 Ability to know, understand and use the engineering principles of green areas, sports spaces and fruit and vegetable farms.
HJ5 Ability to know, understand and use the principles of civil works, facilities and infrastructures of green areas and protected areas. Electrification. Irrigation and drainage. Horticulture and gardening machinery.
HJ8 - Ability to know, understand and use the principles of plant material: production, use and maintenance.
MC1 - Ability to know, understand and use the principles of plant and animal production technologies: plant breeding; biotechnology and plant breeding; crops; crop protection; gardening and landscaping. Sport zones.

1. Lectures with ICT support and the systematic use of the Virtual Campus as support teaching. CG1, CEG5, CT1, CT2, CT11,CT12, HJ1, HJ2, HJ4, HJ5, HJ8, MC1

Interactive sessions will be held in small groups to achieve greater interaction with the student, and attendance will be considered mandatory.
Preparation of an individual project for a fruit plantation.
Preparation of a glossary of Galician / Spanish / English terms in groups.
With the "Assessment-Papers" tools, it will be possible to examine the offer, the guidelines and the deadline for submissions.
The face-to-face tutoring also "online" is carried out using the virtual communication tools of the USC.


Presential lectures will require the application of hygiene measures determined by the authorities (hydrogel, mandatory mask, minimum safety distance). Exceptionally, classroom teaching may be combined with virtual teaching up to 10% of the total hours of the subject.
Expository teaching: : P (presential) 24 hours. NP (non presential) 24 hours

1. THEMATIC BLOCK I. INTRODUCTION TO FRUIT CULTURE. 3h P and 3h NP
2. THEMATIC BLOCK II. BIOLOGY OF THE FRUIT TREE. 7h P and 7 h NP
3. THEMATIC BLOCK III. THE ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 7h
4. THEMATIC BLOCK IV. PROPAGATION OF PLANT MATERIAL. 7h P and 7 h NP
5. THEMATIC BLOCK V. TECHNOLOGY OF FRUIT PRODUCTION: ESTABLISHMENT OF PLANTATIONS AND CULTURAL WORKS. 7h P and 7 h NP


2. Practical sessions: 100% presence. CT1, CT2, CT11,CT12, CG1, CEG5, CEG6, HJ4, HJ5, HJ8, MC1

6. THEMATIC BLOCK VI. INTERACTIVE HOURS SEMINARS (8h P and 8h NP), FIELD TRIP (6h P and 6h NP) AND PRACTICES (10h and 10h NP).

Interactive classroom teaching: 24 hours P and 24 h NP

Projects: 12 h P and 12 h NP

Short rotations are made. They are carried out in the classroom (and also in the Practice Field) assigned to the group, according to the schedule established by the academic calendar.

Attendance to the practices is obligatory and essential to sit the final exam. Non-attendance –except in duly justified circumstances of force majeure–supposes not performing the final exam of the part (or parts) of the subject related to said absence.

3. Tutoring
Tutoring will be mainly face-to-face, nevertheless virtual sessions can be scheduled but respecting the time slots shown in the 2020-21 course calendar.

There are two types of tutoring in the current curriculum: group and individual tutoring. The group session will take place on the date set by the academic calendar and usually serves to assess the outcome of the practical task.
The second one is the traditional tutorial, highly recommended to clarify any doubts and difficulties that may arise during the semester. It is necessary to set a date with the lecturer beforehand. It usually takes place at lecturer’s office.

The final test will be face-to-face (evaluations of 1st and 2nd opportunity) by sitting a written exam whose marks represents 70% of the overall score. Continuous assessment essentially based on practical work accounts for the remaining 30%.

- 70% THEORETICAL CONTENTS
CG1, CEG5, CT1, CT2, CT11,CT12, HJ1, HJ2, HJ4, HJ5, HJ8, MC1
- 30% PRACTICES (5%), FIELD TRIP (5%) and WORKS (20%)
CT1, CT2, CT11,CT12, CG1, CEG5, CEG6, HJ4, HJ5, HJ8, MC1

Repeating students and students granted with a waiver of attendance will be examined of the total contents of the subjects The teaching activities of compulsory and inexcusable attendance for students who have been granted the exemption from attendance will be the PRACTICES, TRAVEL and WORKS.

In cases of fraudulent performance of exercises or tests, the provisions of the Regulations for the evaluation of the academic performance of students and the review of grades will apply. We review plagiarism in the works presented.

FACE-TO-FACE WORK IN THE CLASSROOM ..54 hours

- Expository sessions .................. 24
- Interactive sessions ................. 24
- Tutorials .................................... 3
- Realización de exames .............. 3

STUDENT PERSONAL WORK ..... 74 Hours
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Reading and preparation of topics ......... 24
Previous preparation of practicals and
later work on the same .......................... 10
Later work on the seminars…………………….8
Preparation and later work on the field trip …6
Preparation of course work .................... 12
Preparation of assessment tests …………...14

It is advisable to attend regularly to lectures as well as consulting the suggested literature.
Besides, it is advisable to attend to the tutorials in order to solve the questions that may arise while studying for the exam. Lecturers are available for any consultation by appointment.