Human Anatomy

To understand and recognize the normal structure of the human body, at the organic level and at the level of systems and apparatuses, in the different stages of life and in both sexes.

To know and be able to adequately apply the anatomical terminology (anatomical nomenclature).

To acquire the anatomical knowledge that will allow the student to perform a basic physical exploration in the human species in physiological conditions.

Expository teaching (24h)

Thematic unit I:
Topic 1.- Introduction and generalities. Anatomical payroll. Anatomical position. General organization of the human body.

Thematic unit II: Anatomy of the locomotor apparatus
Generalities of the locomotor apparatus: axial and appendicular skeleton. Joints. Muscles.
Topic 3.- Head and neck. Skeleton. Main muscles. Vascularization and innervation.
Topic 4.- Trunk. General study of the spine. Types of vertebras. Skeleton of the thorax. Thoracic muscles. Muscles of the abdomen. Vascularization and innervation of the trunk.
Topic 5.- Upper limb. Shoulder girdle: bones, joints and muscles. Bones of the arm. Muscles of the arm. Bones of the forearm. Elbow joint. Muscles of the forearm. Bones of the hand and fingers. Wrist joint. Joints of the hand and fingers. Muscles of the hand. Vascularization and innervation of the upper limb.
Topic 6.- Lower limb. Bones of the pelvic girdle and lower limb. Pelvic girdle in man and woman. Joints of the lower limb. Muscles of the lower limb. Vascularization and innervation.

Thematic unit III: Anatomy of the cardio-circulatory system
External and internal morphology of the heart. Cardiac structure. Cardionector system. Vascularization and innervation.
Aortic artery system and its main branches. Pulmonary artery system. Cava veins system. Lymphatic system.

Thematic unit IV: Anatomy of the respiratory system
Generalities of the respiratory system. Functional anatomy of the nasal cavities. Paranasal sinuses.
Morphology and structure of the larynx. Trachea. Main bronchi and bronchial tree. Lungs and pleurae. Mediastinum.

Thematic unit V: Anatomy of the digestive tract
Generalities of the digestive system. Mouth. Pharynx. Esophagus. Stomach. Duodenum-pancreas. Jejunum-ileum. Large intestine. Rectum.
Topic 12.- Liver. External configuration and relationships. Bile ducts: hepatic duct, gallbladder, cystic duct and common bile duct. Spleen. Peritoneum.

Thematic unit VI: A Anatomy of the genitourinary system
Topic 13.- Urinary system. Kidneys. Renal pelvis and ureters. Urinary bladder. Male urethra. Female urethra.
Male genital apparatus. Female genital apparatus.

Thematic unit VII: Neuroanatomy
Generalities of the nervous system. Central nervous system. Vegetative nervous system. Peripheral nervous system. Neuronal organization.
Morphology of the spinal cord. External and internal configuration. Spinal nerves. Spinal meninges. Vascularization.
Morphology of the brainstem. External configuration. IV ventricle. Cranial nerves.
Cerebellum. Morphology. Structure and function. Ponto-cerebellar angle.
Morphology of the brain: diencephalon and telencephalon. Concept of diencephalon. III ventricle. Thalamus. Hypothalamus. External morphology of the cerebral hemispheres. Lobules and fissures. Main gray nuclei and commissures.
Vascularization of the brain. Vertebro-basilar system and internal carotid system. Venous sinuses of the dura mater.

Practical teaching (24h)
Study of models and skeletal preparations (and, whenever possible, from cadaver:
- Osteology of the skull.
- Osteology of the spine, osteology of the thorax.
- Osteology of the upper limb. Study of models of the joints and muscles of the upper limb.
- Osteology of the lower limb. Models of the joints and muscles of the lower limb.
- Heart and great vessels
- Respiratory system.
- Digestive tract
- Urogenital system.
- Study of the nervous system. External morphology of brain and medulla.
- Thoracic and bdominopelvic cavity: study in demountable models
- Study of the eye and ear.
- Group work and activities will be carried out during the practical classes.

* Basic
- Drake, A. Wayne y Adam. Gray, Anatomía para estudiantes. Editorial Elsevier 2020. 4a edición (acceso electrónico a la 3ª edición de 2020).
- García Porrero Pérez, J.A. and Hurlé González a J.M.: Anatomía Humana. Ed. Panamericana, 2020.
- Suárez Quintanilla, J., Iturrieta Zazo, I., Rodríguez Pérez, AI., García Esteo, J. Anatomía Humana para estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Ed. Elsevier, 2020.
- Díaz Ruíz, C., Muñoz Patiño, A., Quintáns Rodríguez, M., López Martín, ME. Cuaderno de prácticas de Anatomía humana. Campus na Nube.1a edición 2016.

Atlas of Anatomy (electronic access)
- Netter FH. Atlas de Anatomía Humana. 7ª ed. Madrid: Elsevier. 2019. (Acceso electrónico en ClinicalKey).
- Complete Anatomy. Atlas Anatomía 3D. https://3d4medical.com/es

* Supplementary
- Feneis H, Wolfgang D. Nomenclatura anatómica ilustrada. 11ª ed. Madrid: Elsevier; 2021.
- Schünke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U. Prometheus. Texto y Atlas de Anatomía. 5ª ed. Madrid: Ed. Médica Panamericana; 2022.
- Lippert. Anatomía con orientación clínica para estudiantes. Editorial Marbá. 2a edición, 2019.
- Hansen JT. Netter. Cuaderno de anatomía para colorear. 3ª ed. Elsevier; 2023

Specific competences of the subject (ORDEN CIN/2134/2008)*
1. To know and identify the structure and function of the human body. To understand the molecular and physiological bases of cells and tissues.
2. To identify, name and properly place the different anatomical structures, as well as the different parts of the apparatus and systems of the human body.
3. To acquire some ability to graphically represent the morphology and anatomical arrangement of the different microscopic and macroscopic elements of the human body.
4. To be able to perform a bibliographic search that will allow him/her to adequately access the didactic resources of the department, the faculty or school and the university. Practical activities.

Transversal competences

CT1. Ability to apply knowledge to practice.
CT2. Ability to work in a team.
CT3. Motivation.
CT6. Basic knowledge of the profession.
CT7. Capacity for analysis and synthesis.
CT8. Concern for quality.
CT9. Capacity for decision making.
CT11. Interpersonal skills.
CT12. Planning and time management.
CT13. Ability to work autonomously.
CT14. Information management skills (ability to search and analyze information from different sources).

Expository teaching
The exposition of the theoretical contents of the program by the teachers will be carried out in the classroom with the help of the blackboard and audiovisual media, in addition to a bibliographical orientation of each topic will be made, emphasizing the basic concepts of the subject and that at the same time, may involve greater difficulty of understanding. Student participation in the classes will be encouraged.

Interactive teaching
It will be necessary the previous preparation of the contents of the program that will be developed in the practical classes.
The student will carry out activities in an autonomous way and in team, under the supervision of the teaching staff.

* In the practical part of the course, students will acquire ability and skill in the identification, recognition and proper use of anatomical terminology (anatomical nomenclature) to name the anatomical structures in models, pieces and cadavers. In addition, they will acquire the ability to make schematic drawings of the details and anatomical structures studied, as well as the relationships between them. They will have the opportunity to develop the ability to work autonomously and to collaborate with other classmates for a more effective and creative learning. They will also be exposed to situations that require them to interpret anatomical images and explain them to their classmates. Students will be introduced to the use of bibliography related to the subject.
* For the practical classes each student should bring the corresponding notes, an atlas of anatomy, drawing material, and white lab coat. Students are requested to be careful with the practice material.

Tutorials

Tutorials will be held to guide learning, to solve doubts about the subject and for the preparation and supervision of activities to be developed in the practical sessions.
Through the virtual classroom students will have access to the information and material necessary for the development of the course.
In addition, a public tutoring forum will be made available to students in the virtual classroom to raise and solve doubts that may be of general interest to the rest of the students.

In order to be evaluated, class attendance is mandatory (80%), as well as the active participation of the students.

1) Evaluation of the knowledge acquired in the expository and practical classes:
It will be carried out with a multiple choice test and single correct answer. The passing level is 60% of the correct questions. In order to pass the course, the theoretical exam must be passed.

2) Evaluation of the skills and abilities acquired in the identification, recognition and proper use of anatomical terminology (anatomical nomenclature) to name the details and anatomical structures studied:
A practical exam will be conducted, to pass the exam you must have 60% of the questions correct. In order to pass the course, the practical exam must be passed.

The final tests (theoretical and practical) will be presential.
The test and the practical exam will account for up to 90% of the final grade.

3) Continuous evaluation: The following will be assessed: 1) Attendance and active participation in the lectures and practical classes. 2) The realization of individual and group activities that can be carried out in the classes.
The continuous evaluation will be carried out through presential and remote activities using the resources of the institutional platforms (Virtual Classroom-Moodle and Microsoft Teams).
Continuous assessment will account for up to 30% of the final grade.

"For cases of fraudulent performance of exercises or tests, the Regulations for the evaluation of the academic performance of students and grade review will apply" (Resolution of June 15, 2011, DOG of July 21, 2011).

Lectures: 24h
Interactive laboratory classes: 24h
Small group tutorials: 1,5h
Individualized tutorials: 1,5h
Exams and revision of exams: 2h

Individual study: 48h.
Personal work for the preparation and realization of activities, readings and bibliographic search: 24h.
Team work for the elaboration of activities to be developed in the practical classes: 18h.
Total autonomous work: 90 hours

Use of the notes and anatomy atlases is recommended.
Exercises and drawings of the structures and their relationships (recommended in the lectures and practical classes).
Visualization of the videos recommended in the theoretical classes.
Use of specific computer programs of the subject.

For the maximum benefit of the subject, it is advisable that the students have previous knowledge related to Biology, as well as of English for the handling of the didactic bibliography/resources and of computer science at user level. The students will have at their disposal a virtual classroom of the course in the Moodle platform, with the resources and communication channels offered. In addition, the Microsoft Teams application and e-mail can be used as a means of teacher-student communication.