Radiology I

To know the fundamentals of the physical agents used in Radiology and Physical Medicine.
To know the structure and functions of the human body, from the radiological anatomo-functional point of view, in such a way that they constitute the base of the knowledge of imaging diagnosis applicable to all branches of medicine.
To know the fundamentals of the elemental pathological images observable with the different methods of imaging diagnosis.
To know the possibilities, limitations and main indications of the therapeutic methods used by Radiology and Physical Medicine.
To know with precision the basic terminology of Radiology and Physical Medicine.
To know the current trends in Radiology and Physical Medicine.

Contents

PROGRAMME.
Section I: General introduction to Radiology and Physical Medicine.
Section II: Fundamental physical and biological aspects of the physical agents used in Medicine.
Section III: Fundamentals of the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques by physical agents:
Paragraph I: Of the physical and biological fundamentals of the diagnostic techniques by physical agents.
Paragraph II: O f the physical and biological fundamentals of the therapeutic techniques by physical agents.
Section IV: Protection against the action of physical agents.
Section V: General semiology of imaging diagnosis.
DESCRIPTORS: Radiodiagnostics, Radiobiology, Radiotherapy, Nuclear Medicine, Physical Medicine, Medical Physics.


Radiobiology. Nuclear medicine.
1.- Molecular imaging: Nuclear Medicine as an example
2.- Radiopharmaceuticals and instruments
3.- Biological aspects of ionizing radiation
4.- Dosimetry of explorations in Nuclear Medicine. Comparison with diagnostic radiology
5.- Biological concepts as the basis for new explorations in Nuclear Medicine: cell cycle, apoptosis, telomerase activity, angiogenesis, hypoxia, stem cells, cancer susceptibility, regional and distant metastasis, tumor macrophages
6.- Explorations in Nuclear Medicine. lung, osteoarticular, endocrine, cardiac, renal, infectious, neurological, others.
7.- Sentinel node, ROLL, SNOLL
8.- Therapeutics with radionuclides. radioimmunotherapy
9.- Positron emission tomography (PET): concept, radionuclides, main applications and examples thereof
10.- The cyclotron
11.- Future of molecular imaging. The multimodal image
12.- Advances in PET scans

- Cabrero Fraile FJ. Imagen Radiológica. Principios físicos e instrumentación. Masson. Barcelona. 2004.
- Carreira Villamor JM, Maynar Moliner M. Diagnóstico y terapéutica endoluminal. Radiología intervencionista. Masson. Barcelona. 2002.
- del Cura, Aquerreta, Sendra, Carreira. Radiología básica. Ed médica panamericana. 2021.
- Fleckenstein P. Bases anatómicas del diagnóstico por imagen. Harcourt. Madrid. 2002.
- Herring W. Radiología Básica. Tercera Edición. Elsevier. Barcelona. 2015.
- Pedrosa CS. Diagnóstico por Imagen. Segunda edición. McGraw –Hill. Madrid. 1997.
- Sendra F. www.ameram.com. Universidad de Málaga.
- Souto Bayarri M. Introducción a la Radiología Cardiotorácica. Ed. Andavira. 2015.

The student will be able to identify, differentiate and discern each of the elements of the different structures of the human body observable in diagnostic imaging documents.
The student will be able to analyze if there are alterations in the shape, structure or relationships of these elements that suggest the existence of pathology.
The student will be able to understand the therapeutic methods of Radiology.
The student will distinguish the different imaging techniques: structural and molecular; the different multimodal imaging options
The student will know the biological effects of IR, its repair mechanisms at the DNA level and its clinical repercussions (higher risk groups). In addition, you will have a base on the biological bases of radiosensitivity.

The subject is taught in the first semester of the course:

Hours of theory/Seminars per week. Many of the classes with projection of radiological images.
Clinical practices rotating through the sections of the Radiodiagnosis, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy services of the Clinical Hospital / INTERACTIVE CLASSES.
Activities to be carried out in small groups, in laboratory and hospital practices: Identification of anatomical structures, identification of radiological signs, problem solving, etc.
1.- Ultrasounds.
2.- Rx. Simple, CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the chest.
3.- Rx. Plain and with contrast, CT and MRI without and with contrast of the abdomen/pelvis.
4.- Rx. Simple, CT and MRI without and with contrast of skeletal muscle.
5.- Nuclear Medicine.


Three thematic blocks. First, physical bases of the different diagnostic imaging methods / Radioprotection / Radiotherapy; second, Radiobiology / MN; third, general semiology of diagnostic imaging.

Final exam (theoretical-practical), which includes short questions, short-answer questions about images and/or test questions (about images or not).

The final exam will be unique. It will consist of two blocks of questions, fundamentally,
1 (test): Radioprotection, Radiobiology, MN, RT.
2 (short question): Chest radiology, musculoskeletal radiology, abdominal radiology.
Each of the two blocks will be valued from zero to ten points.

The student will pass the final exam when he obtains five points, taking into account that at least a three-point qualification is required in each of the two blocks.



In cases of fraudulent completion of exercises or tests, the provisions of the Regulations for evaluating student academic performance and grade review will apply.

Hours of theoretical-practical class at the Faculty.
Hospital practices: in the morning in the Radiodiagnosis, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy services.
Practice time on the computer dedicated to the study of radiological imaging materials edited by the professors of the area (virtual classroom, etc.).
Time spent studying books.

The student must attend theoretical classes, seminars and practical classes.
The student must dedicate study time to the recommended books.
The student can dedicate study time to the following web addresses:

- www.learningradiology.com
- www.ameram.com.

The previous sections refer fundamentally to a face-to-face teaching scenario.