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Works presented

Molecular characterization of bacteremic Escherichia coli belonging to the serogroups O4, O6, O18 and O75
Authorship
A.G.S.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
E. coli is the main causative agent of bacteremia in humans, which has been increasing significantly worldwide in recent decades. In addition, this clinical concern is compounded by the emergence of high-risk clones that present multiple antimicrobial resistance and complicate the clinical treatment of patients. In this work, phenotypic (serotyping and antibiogram) and molecular (conventional PCR and Sanger sequencing) characterization of 53 bacteremic strains isolated in the HULA between 2020 and 2022 has been carried out. The results indicate that serogroups O4, O6, O18 and O75 strains have a significant prevalence among bacteremic E.coli in our healthcare area in the period 2020-2022, with serogroup O6 strains being the most numerous. Comparing these data with the previous study conducted at the LREC-USC between 1989 and 2011, we observed no significant differences in terms of the prevalence of these four serogroups. The level of antimicrobial resistance detected in serogroups O4, O6 and O18 strains is relatively low, and only O75 strains stand out for their significant resistance to quinolones. In contrast, the vast majority of the strains of these four serogroups possess a high number of virulence genes typical of the ExPEC pathotype, reflecting a significant pathogenicity potential undoubtedly responsible for their success as pathogens. In addition, the presence of the emerging clone ST1193 among the strains belonging to serogroup O75 studied in this work supports other previous studies, but it does not seem to have a significant prevalence in our health area. The high incidence of serogroups O4, O6, O18 and O75 strains, together with their high number of virulence genes, fully justifies their inclusion in preventive vaccines against ExPEC.
Direction
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
VERA RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Evaluation of bacterial signature in fecal DNA samples as a complementary tool for early detection of colorectal cancer
Authorship
R.C.A.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:15
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, highlighting the importance of early detection to improve patient survival rates. In this context, a research project was conducted using RAID-CRC Screen analysis, an innovative technique that combines fecal DNA extraction with bacterial signature analysis via qPCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). The main objective of this research was to evaluate whether the incorporation of RAID-CRC Screen analysis (fecal DNA qPCR for bacterial signature) could improve the characteristics of the Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT), potentially reducing the need for invasive tests. The central hypothesis posited that alterations in the fecal bacterial signature could differentiate between true positive CRC cases and false positives induced by other factors, such as minor gastrointestinal bleeding. To achieve this objective, samples were obtained from patients who consented to participate in the study, followed by fecal DNA extraction and bacterial signature analysis via qPCR. This allowed for the identification of possible imbalances in the gut microbiota associated with CRC. The results concluded that microbiota analysis only improves sensitivity but does not provide a significant improvement over the FIT. Additionally, a significant difference in diagnoses was found in only one of the five bacterial groups studied, suggesting the need to modify the bacteria studied to improve the test.
Direction
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
Regueiro Expósito, Cristina (Co-tutorships)
Cubiella Fernández, Joaquin (Co-tutorships)
Court
Bouza Fernandez, M Carmen (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
VELOSO FREIRE, JAVIER (Member)
Analysis of the specificity in the inhibition of the ribonuclease H activity of HIV
Authorship
R.E.B.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:15
Summary
The reverse transcriptase (RT) activity of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is essential for its replicative cycle due to its two main activities, ribonuclease H (RNase H) and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RDDP). For this reason, more and more antiretroviral drugs are being developed that inhibit these essential activities of the virus, such as the antiviral agent in development, YCL2-155. This inhibitor has a dual activity, that is, it inhibits both activities of RT (RNase H and RDDP), which is why it would be a very interesting and innovative proposal on the market. For this reason, tests were carried out with YCL2-155 in representative strains, wild type (WT), of HIV-1: group M subtype B (BH10) and group O (ESP-49) to verify its effectiveness. The results showed that ESP-49 was three times more resistant to RNase H inhibition and two times more resistant to RDDP inhibition compared to BH10. Due to these results, the structural variations at the amino acid level of the alignment of both strains were observed in a molecular modelind program (ChimeraX 1.4) in order to find a binding site which would explain the results obtained. For RNase H, four possible binding sites of the inhibitor to its active center in BH10 were identified: E449, T477, I482, Y483. For RDDP, it was concluded that the site that had the highest probability of binding was a non-nucleoside analogue site, Y181, which is one of the mutations that RT suffers due to the presence of NNRTIs (non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, such as YCL2-155) and that would explain this difference in resistance. Finally, the effectiveness of the dual YCL2-155 inhibitor could be promising for HIV antiretroviral therapy, but more research is needed in molecular modeling and mutant assays to corroborate the binding sites.
Direction
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
Menéndez Arias, Luis (Co-tutorships)
Court
Bouza Fernandez, M Carmen (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
VELOSO FREIRE, JAVIER (Member)
Food safety: integrated monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
Authorship
P.G.A.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:15
Summary
In a world where the artificial intelligence revolution looks set to change everything, the silent pandemic of antimicrobial resistance is, along with climate change, one of the greatest threats to humanity. In fact, the challenges of combating global warming and AMR are closely linked. This is why the World Health Organisation (WHO) states that priorities such as these or food security must be addressed under a One Health approach to maintain the ecosystems balance. This perspective is based on the fact that human, animal and environmental health are totally interrelated. Animals are reservoirs of zoonotic and/or antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, and food acts as a vehicle for their transmission. In this respect, wild boar (Sus scrofa) is an ideal sentinel species due to its increasing abundance, distribution and epidemiological relevance, because of its proximity to urban and rural environments. Moreover, it is a source of game meat, an increasingly popular gastronomic habit, whose microbiological quality, based on the results of the present work, was unsatisfactory in 20 % of the foodstuffs. In this study, 29 samples of wild boar meat were analysed. Two of them (6,9 %) were found to carry both potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli pathotypes, EPEC and ExPEC, pointing to a possible human origin in the handling. In addition, 27,6 % were positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae recovery. The resistance study by PCR and the disc-plate diffusion method also determined that 20,7 % of the food carried multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli, and that 10,3 % were positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. In conclusion, wild boar meat may be a source of dangerous enterobacteria for the consumer, such as ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Therefore, game meats should be included in control programmes for resistant bacteria and information on proper handling should be provided to ensure food safety.
Direction
MORA GUTIERREZ, AZUCENA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
GARCIA MENENDEZ, VANESA (Co-tutorships)
Court
Bouza Fernandez, M Carmen (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
VELOSO FREIRE, JAVIER (Member)
Development of biocompatible polymer-based delivery systems and their evaluation on wound healing
Authorship
A.I.G.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:15
Summary
The use of essential oils and their compounds in biomedical applications is increasingly in demand, but their handling or direct application is limited due to their physicochemical characteristics such as: their volatility, degradation or loss of antioxidant capacity, when exposed to atmospheric conditions. To solve this limitation, in this work the active agent of interest (carvacrol) has been encapsulated in two polymers (sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate) using a novel encapsulation technique such as the formation of microcapsules by means of a dispersion coaxial vibration nozzle… The results obtained in this work suggest that this formulation could be a good option when used as a wound dressing due to its shown properties of swelling and release that would allow maintaining a moist environment without exudates; However, further studies are needed to fully elucidate its behaviour and characteristics for wound treatment and its routine use as a novel dressing.
Direction
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA M. (Tutorships)
Court
Bouza Fernandez, M Carmen (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
VELOSO FREIRE, JAVIER (Member)
Development and validation of an adenosine and inosine titration method by HPLC
Authorship
J.N.C.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:15
Summary
Due to the large number of beneficial effects associated with the metabolites adenosine and inosine, in this work we have developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method in reversed phase and gradient elution with the objective of assessing their presence in a frequently consumed food such as milk, and more specifically, milk generated in Galicia, taking into account the growing importance attributed to the consumption of foods of good nutritional quality with the aim of preventing the appearance of long-term diseases. The use of this method with different milk samples has allowed us to obtain chromatograms formed by multiple peaks, among which we have been able to distinguish those of adenosine and inosine thanks to the study of the retention times, estimated by injecting standards, performing overloads and analyzing the UV absorption spectrum, finally reaching the conclusion that this method is suitable for simultaneously assessing both metabolites.
Direction
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Tutorships)
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
Bouza Fernandez, M Carmen (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
VELOSO FREIRE, JAVIER (Member)
Xenograft assays in zebrafish as a model for studying primary glioblastoma tumors
Authorship
D.P.O.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:15
Summary
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor in adults and one of the most aggressive and invasive tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite the continuous efforts of the scientific community to develop new therapies, the current standard of treatment; maximum surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolamide (TMZ), only offers limited improvements in the median survival duration of GBM patients, which reaches 14.6 months after treatment. These characteristics make this pathology one of the greatest challenges faced by neuro-oncology today. The recent development of molecular techniques has revealed the inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of GBM and its direct association with disease prognosis, underscoring the need for new therapeutic approaches aimed at personalized treatments. In this context, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a promising model organism in cancer research due to its biological, genetic, economic, and ethical advantages. Xenotransplantation of human GBM cells into zebrafish embryos has proven to be a valuable preclinical model for studying in vivo tumor growth, invasion, and response to therapies, as well as tumor-microenvironment interactions, providing critical insights into the pathophysiology of GBM. In this study, we explore the utility of zebrafish xenotransplantation as a preclinical model to evaluate personalized medicine strategies for GBM treatment. Our findings support how zebrafish can offer a unique platform to rapidly assess the efficacy and resistance of targeted therapies based on the specific molecular profiles of GBM cells. By bridging the gap between molecular characterization and clinical application, this model has significant potential to accelerate the development of more effective and individualized treatments for patients with this pathology.
Direction
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
Court
Bouza Fernandez, M Carmen (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
VELOSO FREIRE, JAVIER (Member)
Neurochemical study of sensory communication in the dog: analysis of the olfactory and vomeronasal system at perinatal stage
Authorship
E.S.V.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:15
Summary
Chemical communication, both between individuals of the same species and with other elements of the environment, plays a fundamental role for the survival of all organisms. The main olfactory system and the vomeronasal system (VNS) are responsible for detecting and processing these chemical signals, which include pheromones and kairomones. Neuroreceptors, located in the olfactory mucosa and vomeronasal organ (VNO), capture the information and send afferences to the main olfactory bulb and accessory olfactory bulb, respectively, which act as integration centers. Despite recent efforts at neurochemical characterization of these systems in both the dog and wild canids, there is a significant gap in scientific knowledge about their degree of development at the perinatal stage. The vomeronasal system regulates numerous aspects of the socio-sexual life of animals, from sexual behaviors to predator detection and avoidance, so it is of great interest to study its development in newborn puppies in order to clarify its possible role in maternal-filial communication. In this work we used histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques to characterize the olfactory and vomeronasal systems of the perinatal dog from a morphological and functional point of view. The extensive range of markers employed has allowed us to determine the functionality of the receptor structures and integrating centers of these systems. Likewise, we have been able to confirm the existence of a viable communication between the vomeronasal organ and the nasal and oral cavities, through the incisive duct, which opens the door to the existence of a chemical communication from the moment of birth. Finally, the study of a puppy with cleft palate shows that this malformation can result in atrophy of the VNO that would foreseeably translate into future behavioral alterations, especially related to its socio-sexual behavior.
Direction
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
Court
Bouza Fernandez, M Carmen (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
VELOSO FREIRE, JAVIER (Member)
Prevention of atopic dermatitis by modulating maternal microbiota during pregnancy
Authorship
S.A.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that appears mainly in children. Its pathophysiology is complex and multifactorial. Among the factors involved in it we have : genetic factors, an altered immune response and the altered microbiological balance of the skin and intestinal barriers. In this work we have carried out a bibliographic review with the aim of expanding knowledge about the possibility of preventing atopic dermatitis in offspring by modulating the mother's microbiota during pregnancy. The human microbiota is responsible, among other things, for regulating the immune system, leading to the idea that early colonization that occurs in life may be crucial to control the maturation of the immune system and the development of allergies in children. The immunological development of the fetus begins before birth and is probably driven by the translocation of the microbiota or its metabolites, from the maternal intestine to the maternal-fetal unit or other mucosal surfaces. It has been proposed that the reciprocal influence of the intestinal and skin microbiota, The so-called “gut-skin axis” also plays a role in the development and symptoms of AD. Dysbiosis plays an important role in the development of atopic dermatitis. Given the direct relationship between the maternal microbiota and the initial colonization of the child's intestine, we know that there are a series of perinatal factors that can influence it, such as: maternal health status, maternal diet, gestational age, genetics, mode of birth, consumption of antibiotics by the mother and/or offspring and the child's diet. Prebiotics, probiotics, and certain aspects of the diet such as increasing the intake of omega- 3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are some of the promising strategies to regulate the maternal microbiota.
Direction
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Tutorships)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
RAMIL NOVO, LUIS ALBERTO (Chairman)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Secretary)
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Member)
Nutritional management of mucositis derived from oncological treatments
Authorship
M.D.C.A.L.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Mucositis is the inflammation of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus, originating mainly as a side effect of antineoplastic treatments for cancer. Cancer treatments have side effects and cause different types of toxicity, particulary mucositis, which corresponds to early toxicity and appears days or weeks after chemotherapy. The most used option for the classification of mucositis is the World Health Organization (WHO) system. In this bibliographic review, the literature on the most effective prevention and treatment methods for this pathology is reviewed, according to the MASCC/ISOO Guidelines, which are applied to avoid the interruption of oncological treatment. In turn, foods, nutrients and nutritional supplements that can improve this condition have been examined. Among the latter, honey, certain medicinal plants such as Aloe vera or chamomile, some amino acids such as glutamine, an elemental diet, or probiotics stand out. Particularly interesting is the usefulness of so-called therapeutic ice cream, a dietary alternative that provides different amounts of energy, proteins, carbohydrates and fats that could enhance the effects of cryotherapy and support the patient's nutritional status. In addition, dietary recommendations and advice are provided for patients with mucositis based on the guidelines of the SEEN and the SEEO, with the aim that patients do not interrupt their treatment and at the same time improve their quality of life.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
RAMIL NOVO, LUIS ALBERTO (Chairman)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Secretary)
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Member)
Influence of estrogens on calcium absorption and female bone health
Authorship
L.B.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
This literature review paper introduces calcium metabolism and then explores how female hormones and gut microbiota are able to modulate it. It also examines how menopause, which leads to a decrease in estrogen levels, negatively affects both intestinal and renal calcium absorption and thus increases the risk of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. The critical role of estrogen in calcium absorption and its impact on female bone health is discussed. Certain dietary factors, such as calcium, phosphorus, zinc, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins A, C, D or K, and prebiotics, may promote calcium absorption. On the contrary, other components of the diet, such as sodium, potassium, strontium or magnesium, cause a decrease. There are also other food components with a similar structure to estrogens, the phytoestrogens, which can have a positive or negative influence, depending on the amount of female hormones circulating in the plasma. Physical exercise improves and reduces the complications of osteoporosis due to estrogen deficits, while the consumption of alcohol or tobacco increases bone weakness. Finally, a nutritional approach with a qualitative menu is proposed to mitigate calcium deficits and their risk to female bone health, which are caused by this underlying loss of estrogen in postmenopausal women.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Co-tutorships)
Court
RAMIL NOVO, LUIS ALBERTO (Chairman)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Secretary)
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Member)
Is kombucha an alternative to the consumption of commercial beverages?
Authorship
L.D.L.S.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for the deaths of 41 million people each year. Among the factors that increase the risk of dying from NCDs is a poor diet. That is why the WHO establishes different measures and recommendations to avoid this problem and, among them, the recommendation to reduce the intake of free sugars to less than 10 % of the total energy intake. Due to the high sugar content of soft drinks, energy drinks and fruit juices and nectars, different functional beverages such as kombucha are being introduced in the market. Therefore, this Final Degree Project studies the consumption of soft drinks, energy drinks and commercial juices by the population and evaluates whether kombucha, which is a beverage traditionally made from the fermentation of black or green tea, is an alternative to the consumption of these industrial beverages. The personal survey method was used, in which 260 people participated, and it was found that more than 50 % of them consumed soft drinks, only about 10 % consumed energy drinks, 50 % consumed juices and only 40 % had tried kombucha. The survey found that, in general, participants were aware of the high sugar content of these beverages and the potential drawbacks of them. Furthermore, they were open to try or consume more of the kombucha beverage. However, there is a need to standardize, regulate and legislate the manufacture of kombucha to ensure a quality product that preserves the beneficial effects of this beverage in order to consider it as an alternative to current commercial beverages.
Direction
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Court
RAMIL NOVO, LUIS ALBERTO (Chairman)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Secretary)
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Member)
Advertising: Friend or enemy of healthy eating?
Authorship
P.F.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The aim of this research is to know the content of television food advertising and to study its possible influence on consumer's diets. For two weeks, the channels Antena 3, Telecinco, and Televisión de Galicia were analysed, in the time slots from 4:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. and from 9:00 p.m. to 12:00 p.m. A total of 7,025 advertisements were registered in this period, of which 2,077 were food advertisements, which represents 31% of the total advertising. Food advertisements were classified based on the NOVA system, observing that most are dedicated to encouraging the consumption of ultra-processed products, as they account for 70% of food advertisements. These foods often have a composition that differs from the recommendations of experts and health institutions that must be followed to eat a healthy diet and to prevent non-communicable diseases. On the other hand, the relationship of consumers' favourite food, supermarket and restaurant chain brands with television advertising was studied, obtaining as a result that the brands of preference of these are, on many occasions, the most promoted on television. Likewise, an aspect that should be taken into account is that food supplements/complements are also present in television advertising. Therefore, strategies should be included to turn television advertising into an ideal medium to promote a conscious and varied diet, with the participation of Dietitians-Nutritionists.
Direction
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Court
RAMIL NOVO, LUIS ALBERTO (Chairman)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Secretary)
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Member)
Evaluation of the diet of female athletes in the fixed bench rowing modality
Authorship
L.F.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Fixed bench rowing is a non-olympic modality, which consists of moving a boat between thirteen rowers and a skipper, covering a distance of 2778 m in competitions. The different technical aspects of this sport make it necessary to investigate the physiological needs of athletes to optimize performance, starting with nutrition. The objective of this project was to evaluate the diet of a female fixed bench rowing team before and after giving them a series of nutritional recommendations. Through a frequency questionnaire and a three-day registry, information was collected from 16 rowers. Following the recommendations, the consumption of foods rich in complex carbohydrates increased, as well as the consumption of fruits, vegetables and protein foods low in saturated fat. All of this was accompanied by a reduction in the total body weight and fat mass of the athletes. This project highlights the importance of collaborative work between the coach and the nutritionist to obtain benefits for the athlete's health, avoid injuries and improve performance.
Direction
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Tutorships)
Cepeda Sáez, Alberto (Co-tutorships)
Court
RAMIL NOVO, LUIS ALBERTO (Chairman)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Secretary)
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Member)
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Authorship
I.P.F.V.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease of the esophagus caused by an immune response to food antigens upon contact with the esophageal mucosa. Symptoms of this disease include dysfunction and inflammation of the esophageal mucosa. Recently, there has been a considerable increase in the amount of scientific evidence regarding the epidemiological, pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of this disease. The treatment of EoE includes the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), topical corticosteroids, and dietary therapy. To identify the foods causing EoE, an empirical six-food elimination diet is used, which involves removing the six most commonly allergy-associated foods (cow's milk protein, wheat, egg, soy, nuts, fish, and shellfish) from the diet, thus achieving histological remission of the disease.
Direction
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Co-tutorships)
Court
RAMIL NOVO, LUIS ALBERTO (Chairman)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Secretary)
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Member)
Gut microbiota and its relationship with health and disease
Authorship
P.L.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
This literature review addresses the importance of the intestinal microbiota in human health and its impact on various diseases. The intestinal microbiota plays a key role in the digestive process and metabolic regulation of the host; and it is acquired already in the early stages of life. It highlights how the composition of the microbiota is influenced by genetic, dietary and lifestyle factors, establishing its fundamental role from birth to adulthood. This work allows us to highlight the key functions of the microbiota in digestion, nutrient absorption, vitamin synthesis, protection against pathogens and modulation of the immune system. The relationship between dysbiosis, an imbalance in the composition of the microbiota, with gastrointestinal, metabolic, cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric diseases is examined, showing a significant link. In addition, strategies for modulation of the microbiota were analyzed, highlighting their therapeutic potential. The aim of this work is to raise awareness of the importance of the microbiome in the body and to highlight the need for further research to better understand the complex relationship between the gut microbiota and health-disease and to develop effective therapies that utilize the gut microbiota.
Direction
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Tutorships)
Court
RAMIL NOVO, LUIS ALBERTO (Chairman)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Secretary)
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Member)
Supramolecular association study in biomolecules.
Authorship
A.C.L.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:00
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that represents the most prevalent cause of dementia. Since a definitive treatment has not yet been identified for this disease, there are multiple active lines of research searching for potential therapeutic proposals. Currently, the most established hypothesis regarding the pathogenesis of AD is based on the accumulation of b-amyloid peptides (Ab) in the brain, which leads to the formation of neurotoxic aggregates. This theory underpins an emerging treatment initiative aimed at reducing cerebral Ab levels, based on an uncertain interaction mechanism between these peptides and human serum albumin (HSA). In this context, this work aims to explore and clarify this interaction by studying the complexation of Ab-40 and Ab-42 monomers labeled with a fluorophore and bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a model for the human protein. The results obtained in this study using steady-state fluorescence, fluorescence anisotropy and time-resolved fluorescence techniques fit a 1:1 binding model. Furthermore, the corresponding supramolecular association constants (K) were quantitatively determined, with K values of (2,5 +/- 0,2) 104 M-1 and (2,12 +/- 0,02) 104 M-1 for Ab-40 and Ab-42, respectively. These results indicate a high affinity of b-amyloids for serum albumin, such that a significant portion of the peptide would be bound to the transport protein under physiological conditions. Therefore, this work represents a further step towards understanding the interaction mechanism between Ab and serum albumins, which could potentially facilitate the development of an effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease in the future.
Direction
AL-SOUFI , WAJIH (Tutorships)
Cora Calvo, Diego (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
MANEIRO MANEIRO, MARCELINO (Secretary)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Member)
Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the interaction of a dipeptide with a model cell membrane
Authorship
A.L.G.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:00
Summary
In this work, the influence of a peptide on the stability of a lipid membrane is studied. The selected peptide is diphenylalanine and the membrane phospholipid 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), used as model molecules in this study. Several samples with different components were prepared using two types of chloroform for the preparation of the vesicles, one containing ethanol and another containing amylenes as an impurity. These samples were visualized in optical, confocal and electron microscopy and the NMR spectra of diphenylalanine alone, DMPC alone and the respective combinations of both were analyzed. With the results obtained from these experimental techniques, the conclusion was drawn that diphenylalanine interacts through the carboxyl group with the trimethylamine of DMPC, being located on the outside of the vesicle membrane. When chloroform contains ethanol as an impurity, the DMPC vesicles with diphenylalanine on the outside have free movement, however, when the impurity of chloroform is amylenes, the vesicles aggregate and cause them to lose their movement. The way in which amylene interacts with diphenylalanine depends on its concentration, since at low concentrations a form of aggregation predominates and when we use amylene in large volume for the formation of vesicles, the NMR and microscopy results obtained indicate that it causes changes in the way phospholipids are packed, making the membrane less packed and the DMPC molecules more free. Taking into account all the changes that occur in the different samples, in the end a model is proposed that would explain the interaction of these molecules when they coexist.
Direction
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
MANEIRO MANEIRO, MARCELINO (Secretary)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Member)
Study of detoxification in aquatic environments for the elimination of decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX), using magnetic nanoparticles.
Authorship
C.L.R.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:00
Summary
The proliferation of algal blooms, including harmful cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, leads to an increase in harmful toxins in both marine ecosystems and freshwater environments, with direct implications for human health. Among the toxins produced by these microalgae are PSP, one of the most potent neurotoxins responsible for paralysing shellfish syndrome. While there is a European regulation of PSP in marine seafood, there is no regulation in force in freshwater. Recently, in Spain, PSP toxins have been detected in freshwater bodies. The water treatment systems present in drinking water treatment plants are not sufficient for the elimination of these toxins and there are no data on the chronic effects of exposure to PSP toxins. Therefore, even the presence of low concentrations in drinking wáter might represent a significant problem. In the present work, a method of freshwater detoxification using magnetic nanoparticles is presented. Eight types of nanostructured particles made of sodium alginate and magnetite were used together with different adsorbent materials such as activated carbon, graphene, mesoporous carbon CMK3 and esterified pectin. The efficacy of the particles for the detoxification of decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) in aqueous solution was evaluated. The results obtained suggest that the activated carbon particles are efficient in removing dcSTX from freshwater. Although this new method is presented as effective and innovative for removing PSP toxins from water, further research will be needed.
Direction
BOTANA LOPEZ, ANA MARIA (Tutorships)
CAO CANCELAS, ALEJANDRO (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
MANEIRO MANEIRO, MARCELINO (Secretary)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Member)
Optical and transmission electron microscopy study of the interaction of a dipeptide with a model cell membrane.
Authorship
D.M.F.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:00
Summary
Using microscopic techniques such as clear-field optical microscopy, confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vesicles previously prepared with DMPC and diphenylalanine have been studied, all under different conditions, obtaining a total of four different samples that will be worked with throughout the project. Two fluorescent dyes were used for confocal microscopy, from which the ideal concentration of each was calculated: Rodamine B, which is associated with DMPC, and Fast Green FCF, which is associated with diphenylalanine. All these analyses are supported by spectroscopic techniques, which provide nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR), COSY and ROESY to understand in more detail the structure of the molecules. Once the corresponding studies were carried out, the four samples previously used were stored, in order to later reanalyse them with the techniques of light field optical microscopy (this time also applying a polarized light filter) and confocal microscopy. In this way, it will be possible to see how the samples have evolved after the storage period. All the conclusions of the discussion on the results generated are collected in its corresponding section, at the end of the project.
Direction
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
MANEIRO MANEIRO, MARCELINO (Secretary)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Member)
Longitudinal characterization of the membrane composition of the blood cells of bovine cattle
Authorship
C.M.S.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:00
Summary
Blood is a specialized type of connective tissue made up of cellular elements and a liquid matrix called plasma. These cellular blood components are exposed to the metabolic changes that occur in the plasma and in the body. In terms of their abundance in the blood, erythrocytes constitute the largest volume, followed by a much smaller fraction of leukocytes and platelets. Their interaction with the external environment is mediated by a plasma membrane with a particular content, in which fatty acids stand out as components that indicate the state of health of these elements and the organism through which they circulate. The composition of the membrane is dependent on the environment, which in turn depends on multiple factors, both endogenous and exogenous. In this experimental work, the composition of fatty acids of the membrane of two blood cell components, erythrocytes and leukocytes, in dairy cattle in intensive regime, is analysed. A gas chromatography equipment coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) is used. The objective is to perform the longitudinal characterization of the membrane fatty acids of bovine erythrocytes and leukocytes, to understand their nature and variability. It has been observed that the main factors that produce changes in the erythrocyte’s membrane are environmental temperature and gestation stage of the animal. Likewise, it can be concluded that profiles and pattern of change of fatty acids in membranes are different between the two types of blood cells, possibly due to differences in their half-life and cell function. Finally, it has been observed that veterinary treatments that enhance milk production based on recombinant somatotropin do not significantly influence membrane composition despite having an impact on the lipid metabolism of the animal.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Amezaga Mariezcurrena, Javier (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
MANEIRO MANEIRO, MARCELINO (Secretary)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Member)
Study of genetic polymorphisms involved in micronutrient balance
Authorship
M.R.P.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:00
Summary
Personalized nutrition focuses on adapting the diet based on individual characteristics. To do this, nutrigenetics is responsible for studying the way in which genetic variants, mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), influence an individual's response to diet. Some of these variants are associated with different responses to the dietary intake of micronutrients, essential elements that living beings require in small quantities to perform vital metabolic and physiological functions. The objective of this work is to prepare a nutrigenetic report for a volunteer, focusing on those polymorphisms related to micronutrient levels (vitamins and minerals). To do this, classic nutritional assessment tools were used, such as anthropometry and bioimpedance, a 24-hour dietary recall and a questionnaire on the volunteer's physical activity and dietary habits. On the other hand, a salivary nutrigenetic test was performed and 24 SNPs related to the metabolism of vitamins and minerals were selected and analyzed. The results obtained from the volunteer's diet reflected imbalances in the levels of vitamins and minerals consumed. Levels of vitamin A, D, K1, B3 and C were low while those of vitamin E, B12 and folates were high. As for the mineral values, they were high in all cases. In addition, the volunteer presents some polymorphisms related to imbalances in the levels of these micronutrients. This is the case of the SNP rs14654748, which is associated with low levels of vitamin B6 in the blood; SNP 1570669, associated with greater degradation of the active form of vitamin D and SNPrs855791, related to low iron absorption. Based on the results obtained, a nutrigenetic report was prepared with dietary recommendations aimed at regulating the levels of vitamins and minerals to guarantee optimal health and the prevention of certain diseases.
Direction
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Tutorships)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
MANEIRO MANEIRO, MARCELINO (Secretary)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Member)
Study of genetic polymorphisms involved in macronutrient balance
Authorship
N.V.L.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:00
Summary
The relationship between nutrition and health has evolved throughout history thanks to advances in medicine and dietary optimization. The current trend is to achieve optimal nutrition to prevent metabolic disorders, which are increasingly common due to reduced consumption of healthy foods and lifestyle changes. The development of genomic techniques and a better understanding of the interaction of dietary nutrients with genetic variants has led to the emergence of nutrigenetics. The aim of this work is to perform a nutrigenetic report of a volunteer focusing on genetic variants related to macronutrient metabolism. To this end, the study volunteer underwent a nutrigenetic test on a saliva sample. From the battery of 700,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms analyzed, 30 related to macronutrient balance (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) were chosen. In addition, an assessment of the individual's nutritional status was also performed, using anthropometry and bioimpedance, and information obtained from the volunteer by means of a 24-hour dietary recall and a questionnaire on physical activity and dietary habits. The results of the nutrigenetic test show some SNPs that alter satiety and others that increase the risk of metabolic disorders, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. This added to the fact that the volunteer ingested more energy than he would need for his total energy expenditure, highlighting the high values of saturated fatty acids and proteins in his diet, leads to the conclusion that he should improve the balance of macronutrient intake, as well as the timing of intakes of these to regulate satiety.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
MANEIRO MANEIRO, MARCELINO (Secretary)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Member)
Design of a method based on the LAMP molecular technique for the detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authorship
I.B.F.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium that is included in the ESKAPE group and one of the main opportunistic pathogens causing nosocomial diseases. The spread of strains that combine hypervirulence with multidrug resistance, makes it necessary to develop rapid methods for the detection of this pathogen. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a method based in the molecular technique LAMP for the rapid detection of this pathogen in three biological matrices: blood, urine and milk. To this end, four different simple methods for DNA extraction were tested and compared. The assay was optimised with chelex as the selected method for DNA extraction, and after a 6 hours enrichment of the samples, a limit of detection of 95% (LOD95) close to 2 CFU/mL was obtained for milk and urine, and close to 5 CFU/mL for blood. Finally, this method was applicable to colorimetric LAMP with SYBR Green I as the detection method, achieving a LOD95 close to 1 CFU/mL in blood and urine, and 3 CFU/mL in milk. This allowed the LAMP assays to be carried out in less than a working day and with equipment as simple as a thermal block, making the technique suitable for point-of-care applications.
Direction
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Tutorships)
GARRIDO MAESTU, ALEJANDRO (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Member)
Development of a LAMP-based method for the detection of Salmonella serotypes in samples of poultry origin.
Authorship
A.D.E.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Salmonella spp. is one of the main foodborne pathogens worldwide, especially in poultry products, requiring rigorous control throughout the food chain to protect the consumer. The reference method for its detection is ISO 6579: 2017, a culture-dependent method. Although it is a robust method, it requires several days to determine the sample as positive and determine the Salmonella serotype isolated, which slows down the operation of the food industry and the response to food outbreaks. To overcome these limitations, alternative methods such as those based on nucleic acid amplification have been developed in recent years. In this work, a rapid method for the detection of the main Salmonella serotypes (Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Infantis, Virchow, Hadar) in poultry products was developed, combining rapid enrichment of the sample with the use of the isothermal molecular technique LAMP. The results were compared with the reference method based on ISO 6579:2017, applying serotyping by LAMP at the following points: preenrichment (peptone water), selective enrichment (MSRV), selective and differential agar (XLD and RAPID'Salmonella). For the pre-enrichment samples, DNA extraction was performed by thermal lysis. For the rest, the analysis was performed without prior DNA extraction. It was possible to determine serotyping at all points tested. It was also possible to perform LAMP from the selective media without prior DNA extraction, although there were differences in amplification times between the different media. The use of a colorimetric version of LAMP allows serotyping using only a thermoblock as a single instrument. This means that the method can be applied directly at points of interest, such as poultry farms.
Direction
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Tutorships)
GARRIDO MAESTU, ALEJANDRO (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Member)
Genetic bases of perkinsosis resistance in japanese clam (Ruditapes phillipinarum)
Authorship
J.F.V.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
This study aims to understand the genomic components associated with the resistance to Perkinsus olseni in japanese clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) populations. For this purpose, a genetically heterogeneous population of 1000 individuals was established and subjected to a controlled challenge with the protozoan parasite. The response of the clams was subsequently assessed by accurately estimating the parasite load of each individual by qPCR where a correlation between clam size and level of infection was observed. Simultaneously, challenged individuals were genotyped using a multispecies Axiom SNP-chip developed by the ACUIGEN group, which includes 8019 japanese clam SNPs. This information was used to perform the family assignment of individuals using a paternal assignment software called FAP, specifically 31 families were determined from crosses between 1 male x 1 female. Subsequently, through a genome-wide association study, genetic markers associated with resistance to P. olseni were identified and nearby genomic regions associated with resistance/tolerance to the parasite were investigated by genetic mining. Specifically, three genes possibly related to phenotypes associated with resistance to this intracellular parasite were identified: RPHI1A040444, RPHI1A016912 and RPHI1A020365, the first two of which have associated GO with plasma membrane integrity and transmembrane transport and the last one, Go terms linked to proteolytic processes. As a result of the identification of these QTLs, genes and allelic variants potentially responsible for this resistance, it is intended to provide a starting point for the development of selective breeding strategies in japanese clams.
Direction
MARTINEZ PORTELA, PAULINO (Tutorships)
MARTINEZ SAMBADE, INÉS (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Member)
Comparative neurochemical study of the vomeronasal organ of exotic mammals: red panda, bat and hedgehog
Authorship
A.F.O.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The vomeronasal system (SVN), consisting of the vomeronasal organ and its brain projections, plays a crucial role in detecting chemical signals, primarily pheromones and kairomones. In mammals, this system has adapted to the different habitats, from continental aquatic zones to extreme climates and urban areas, which has caused substancial morphological modifications that challenge the extrapolation of studies between species. Comparative studies, especially of models with limited system differentiation, have the added value of helping us understand and approach the SVN in humans, which is a major scientific question, likely because its morphological organization follows a different pattern than the most studied species. The main objective of this work is to study the vomeronasal organ (VNO) of three exotic mammal models: the red panda, bats and hedgehogs, in order to better understand the differentiation and evolution process of the VNO in mammals. Special attention will be paid to the morphological variations that the organ presents between the species under study and in comparison with other groups of mammals, even those phylogenetically close, to elucidate how these differences can influence the perception of chemical signals and intraspecific communication. To achieve this, a detailed neurochemical analysis of the VNO was performed, including histological techniques to examine its morphology and neural connections, as well as immunohistochemical methods to identify specific receptors and ligands involved in pheromone detection and lectin staining to detect characteristic glycoconjugates of the VNO. The results obtained show a wide disparity in the morphofunctional organization of the VNO among the three groups of mammals studied, highlighting the high degree of development of this sensory system in hedgehogs, especially in comparison with the more rudimentary vomeronasal system of the red panda, and finally confirming a functional vomeronasal system in the two bat species studied.
Direction
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Member)
Development of nanoplatforms for macrophage reprogramming in the mammary tumor microenvironment
Authorship
N.M.R.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Macrophages can be polarized towards the M1 or M2 phenotype, which differentiate according to their activity. M1 has antitumor activity because they release proinflammatory molecules that reduce tumor growth. Macrophages M2 has protumoral effects, favoring angiogenesis, immunosuppression and tumor metastasis. In the case of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) the M2 phenotype predominates. These TAMs can be polarized towards the M1 phenotype, with molecules such as interleukin 12 and indomethacin. In this work, a protocol is developed for the preparation of gelatin nanoparticles, which contain ovalbumin (as a model protein) and nanoparticles containing indomethacin. These gelatin nanoparticles are designed with the target of releasing both molecules into the breast tumor microenvironment, due to hydrolysis mediated by metalloproteases. Furthermore, several formulations, that differ in the cross-linking of the nanoparticle, are prepared and the release between them is compared. A protocol for the preparation of microparticles from the nanoparticle system is also developed. Finally, for both nanoparticles and microparticles, size is characterized.
Direction
BLANCO MENDEZ, JOSE (Tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Member)
Application of DNA markers for genetic diversity analysis of the species Daphne gnidium in Atlantic coastal populations of Galicia.
Authorship
C.D.M.V.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The present bachelor's thesis (TFG) focuses on the application of DNA markers to evaluate the genetic diversity and differentiation of the species Daphne gnidium in the protected coastal insular areas of the Atlantic Islands National Park and the Atlantic continental areas of Galicia (Rías Baixas), where there are no previous genetic data. Daphne gnidium (Thymelaeaceae family), is a perennial shrub with medicinal and conservation interest, mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region. Due to the absence of specific DNA markers for this species, the population analysis was approached by developing a panel of microsatellite markers, previously described in the congeneric species D. rodriguezii, and through the study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained using genotyping technologies. Leaf samples were collected from approximately 20 plants per locality in the study areas. DNA extraction and cross-amplification of 9 microsatellite loci isolated in D. rodriguezii were performed, optimizing the multiplex amplification conditions, although with a low final rate of informative loci. Additionally, a panel of SNP-type markers generated through genomic analyses in D. gnidium was characterized. The selected markers were analyzed to evaluate the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation between the continental and insular populations. The results showed a heterogeneous distribution of diversity, with higher values in some localities compared to others with less variability, suggesting effects of isolation and genetic drift. The SNP analysis indicated a greater interpopulation differentiation and structuring, differentiating two groups of insular localities in relation to the continental area. These results allowed obtaining, for the first time, data on the genetic diversity and structure of D. gnidium in the studied localities, providing useful information for its conservation and management, within the framework of a restoration program for Atlantic insular habitats.
Direction
GÓMEZ PARDO, MARÍA BELÉN (Tutorships)
Bouza Fernandez, M Carmen (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Member)
Study of the involvement of cyclophilins in the inflammation
Authorship
D.R.S.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
In this Final Degree Project, the involvement of cyclophilins A and D in inflammation has been studied through their inhibition by two furanoditerpenes derived from the sponge Spongia (Spongia) tubulifera. Firstly, cytotoxicity was analyzed in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7, observing that none of the compounds affected cell viability. Hence, the study was followed by analyzing the potential of the compounds to inhibit the inflammatory response, so a inflammatory model was established by treating cells with lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours. Compound 1, which inhibits cyclophilin A, favours the polarization of macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2b) by slightly decreasing nitric oxide concentration and by increasing the levels of an anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin 10), so cyclophilin A seems to be related to the resolution of the inflammatory response. On the other hand, compound 4, through the inhibition of cyclophilins A and D, triggers a dose-dependent decrease of nitric oxide release, but it did not affect interleukin 10 levels, so the inhibition of cyclophilins A and D seems to be involved in the amelioration of the inflammatory response. In summary, compound 1 has potential to regulate inflammation, since it promotes a phenotypic change of macrophages, while compound 4 seems to have classic anti-inflammatory effects, reducing pro-inflammatory markers. These results confirm that both cyclophilins are involved in the inflammatory response in macrophages, and therefore, its modulation could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases in which inflammation plays a key role.
Direction
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
ALVARIÑO ROMERO, REBECA (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Member)
Neurochemical study of the prenatal development of the olfactory subsystems of the rabbit.
Authorship
X.R.L.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
The mammalian vomeronasal system plays a crucial role in the detection of pheromones and chemical signals that are essential for intraspecific communication. Despite its importance, there is scant information on the prenatal development of this system in mammals beyond laboratory rodents. This study seeks to fill this gap by focusing on the prenatal development of the rabbit vomeronasal and olfactory system. It is of relevance to understand this process, as it opens the possibility of maternal-fetal communication in prenatal development, with important potential practical implications. Immunochemical markers and lectins, including antibodies to G proteins, GnRH, GAP-43, etc., and lectins such as UEA, VVA, LEA, STA and VVA, were used. At the E20 embryonic stage of the rabbit, the vomeronasal system has been found to show markedly advanced morphological development, especially in the vomeronasal nerves. However, the accessory olfactory bulb (BOA) shows a considerably lower degree of differentiation and lamination. Overall, a greater development of the olfactory system compared to the vomeronasal system is observed. These studies raise questions about the spatial and temporal pattern of differentiation and activation of both systems during the prenatal period and its implications in the first days of life.
Direction
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Member)
Applications of high resolution mass spectrometry in the characterization of synthetic oligonucleotides
Authorship
S.S.L.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:30
Summary
Synthetic oligonucleotides have gained great importance as possible drugs for untreatable diseases, by acting directly on protein expression, influencing the degradation of mRNA, alternative splicing and/or in RNA translation. These molecules are synthesized artificially, so there is a possibility that the final synthesis product contains oligonucleotides with deletions or insertions that alter the original sequence, leading to a ineffective molecule; therefore, quality controls will be required to guarantee that the sequence is correct. During this study,we try to develop a HILIC liquid chromatography method is that allows improving the safety and cost conditions of the routine method, ion pair liquid chromatography; along with the development of a sequencing and enzymatic degradation method to generate synthetic contaminant standards. The results of the study reveal that HILIC chromatography allows the separation of oligonucleotides and certain fragments, although unlike the ion pair method, it has lower sensitivity and a certain inability to separate fragments of similar molecular weight. Regarding the two other objectives, a complete sequencing of the oligonucleotides is achieved and the optimization of the enzymatic digestion conditions allows obtaining fragments that correspond to impurities of the synthesis process, which will allow the evaluation of the synthetic oligonucleotides. HILIC chromatography does not provide conditions of sensitivity and separation of oligonucleotides that justify the substitution of the ion pair method, which is more expensive and less safe for the operator, despite the fact that both are suitable for sequencing by detection of oligonucleotide fragments
Direction
VILARIÑO DEL RÍO, NATALIA (Tutorships)
CASCON SALGADO, OSCAR (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Secretary)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Member)
Allergens in ice creams: correct hygiene practices in ice cream shops
Authorship
A.L.O.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:00
Summary
Ice cream consumption has been increasing in the last ten years, both nationally and regionally, the increase is approximately 0.2 kg per year. A total of 7,939 kg of ice cream were consumed in Galician during 2020, 5% of total national consumption. On the other hand, according to data published by the Spanish Society of General and Family Physicians, it is estimated that in Spain there are a total of two million people who suffer from some food intolerance or allergy, and each year the percentage of children diagnosed increases. 2%. Due to the serious health problems that food allergens can cause, even leading to deaths, it is vitally important to identify the most prevalent allergens in ice cream and evaluate the possible risks to avoid crossover in this type of products. For all these reasons, the objective of this final degree project has been to prepare a guide for ice cream parlor handlers. To this end, both the allergen information in ice creams sold in supermarkets and those sold in ice cream parlors has been evaluated, through collection of information on labels and visits to ice cream parlors. This work has shown that most ice creams reviewed, that are sold commercially, or those that are sold with individual packaging, use the precautionary labeling “May contain traces of...” so that no intolerant or allergic person can consume them. On the other hand, the visits made it possible to identify that there are still incorrect practices in establishments that serve ice cream and could put the consumer's health at risk. A Guide for ice cream parlor handle was prepared and complete during this degree project.
Direction
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Tutorships)
VÁZQUEZ BELDA, BEATRIZ ISABEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ TATO, JOSE (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Secretary)
COBOS GARCIA, ANGEL (Member)
Dietary recommendations for the management of cancer immunotherapy
Authorship
N.L.S.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:00
Summary
The immune system acts as a primary defense against cancer, although it has a limited ability to fight it. Immunotherapy is one of the most effective treatments used to treat cancer patients. The relationship between diet, gut microbiota and immune system has long been considered proven. In the case of cancer, the type of diet carried out by the patient has an important influence on the composition of its microbiota, affecting certain bacterial species of its gut microbiome, which can modulate it and, therefore, to condition the patient to respond more or less effectively to treatment, while influencing its side effects. In addition to the type of diet, the effectiveness of cancer treatments is also influenced by other dietary factors, such as various micronutrients. In this work an extensive bibliographic review will be made in order to present a series of dietary recommendations to enhance immunotherapy treatments in cancer patients.
Direction
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ TATO, JOSE (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Secretary)
COBOS GARCIA, ANGEL (Member)
Energy requirements and macronutrient distribution in football
Authorship
I.P.B.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:00
Summary
Soccer is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players each, with the objective of getting a ball into the opposing team's goal without using hands or arms, except for the goalkeeper in their goal area. Nutrition is a crucial factor for players, both at amateur and professional levels, as it is important for maintaining good physical and mental condition. The aim of this bibliographic review is to analyze the scientific literature regarding the relationship between the energy requirements of soccer players and dietary intake through different macronutrient groups, in order to propose optimal intake ranges, as well as to evaluate the impact this has on sports performance. For this purpose, the various variables that affect soccer performance, such as fatigue, carbohydrate intake, or body composition, which are closely related to nutrition, are reflected upon. Since soccer falls within the category of aerobic endurance team sports, proteins and lipids will not be as significant as carbohydrates, but they are still important. Thus, ensuring proper carbohydrate intake before, during, and after matches, as well as starting with adequate muscle glycogen stores, is fundamental to improving player performance. On the other hand, proper hydration and sufficient energy intake will also be key. Nutrient intake ranges are proposed based on recommendations, emphasizing the intensity of activity during training or match days.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ TATO, JOSE (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Secretary)
COBOS GARCIA, ANGEL (Member)
Effects of Nutrition on Recovery and Injury Prevention in Judokas
Authorship
J.P.N.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:00
Summary
Judo is an Olympic combat sport, where the objective is to win the match by immobilizing, throwing, or forcing the opponent to submit. As with any sport, the occurrence of injuries is inherent and inevitable. Despite its internationalization and having many professional athletes, there is a scarcity of specific nutritional information for judokas. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to analyse the recent information published in scientific literature regarding injuries and the role of nutrition in judo. Rapid weight loss, a common practice in this sport, leads to a very drastic reduction in nutrients, which has been shown to endanger the athlete's health. Macronutrient recommendations for judokas per weight and per day of energy, protein, and carbohydrates are 40-90 Kcal/kg, 1.2-2 g/kg, and 10-12 g/kg, respectively. Additionally, the consumption of leucine and creatine is advised for muscle injuries, hydrolysed collagen, gelatine, and vitamin C for ligament and tendon injuries, and an increased intake of vitamin D and calcium to prevent and recover from bone injuries.
Direction
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Tutorships)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Co-tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ TATO, JOSE (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Secretary)
COBOS GARCIA, ANGEL (Member)
Nutritional education project for the prevention of early-onset colorectal cancer
Authorship
P.P.B.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:00
Summary
Cancer is the second cause of death in Spain after the cardiovascular diseases, and it is expected that colorectal cancer be the most diagnosed in the country in 2024. Although this type of cancer shows a mayor prevalence in people older than 50 years, its impact is increasing among the young people, being often related with the life habits, both dietary and physical activity. The arriving of youngers to the university, specially when this implies living independently from the family home, means a radical change in their habits. Many university students face the fact of planning and/or cooking their own food for the first time. The lack of time, the skills cooking or even the personal tastes, can lead to the adoption of unbalanced diets and an excess of unhealthy foods. For all this reasons, the objective of the present research is to design a nutritional education project to prevent early-onset colorectal cancer in young university students who have recently become independent. The activities planned will help the students to be more conscious of the benefits of a healthy, balanced diet and regular physical activity. Besides, it is intended that the knowledge acquired being applied to their daily life. To this end, this project will have 12 sessions or activities, which aim to raise awareness about the risk of suffering from colorectal cancer, as well as explain its risk factors and how to avoid them in a practical way, encouraging them to practise physical activity, avoiding tobacco and alcohol consumption, or adopting healthy eating habits. These sessions will provide participants with the necessary tools to adopt a healthier and more preventive lifestyle.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ TATO, JOSE (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Secretary)
COBOS GARCIA, ANGEL (Member)
Food allergies in early childhood education, main allergens and their correct labeling.
Authorship
Y.P.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:30
Summary
In recent years, cases of food allergies have significantly increased, especially among children. However, despite this growing prevalence, social awareness and knowledge about food allergies remain insufficient. This lack of knowledge is evident from the schools, where children spend most of their time during childhood. The main objective of my work is to raise awareness among children, teachers, and parents about food allergies. To achieve this, various aspects related to food allergies will be addressed through a bibliographic review. The topics covered will include the characteristics and symptoms of food allergies, their treatment, and the guidelines to follow in case of allergic reactions. Additionally, the importance of continuous education and training for teachers and school staff to properly manage emergency situations related to allergies will be highlighted. The project will also focus on the importance of proper food labeling. Adequate labeling is one of the most crucial strategies to prevent allergic reactions, as it provides clear and precise information about the allergens present in food products. Current regulations on food labeling will be analyzed, and improvements will be proposed to ensure greater food safety. This TFG aims to be a useful tool to improve knowledge and management of food allergies in early childhood education, contributing to creating a safer and more aware environment for children who suffer from these conditions. Additionally, it seeks to promote greater collaboration between families and schools to ensure that all children can enjoy a healthy and risk-free childhood.
Direction
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Secretary)
VALDES PAÇOS, BERNARDO (Member)
Nutrition applied to patients with DAO deficiency
Authorship
A.R.B.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:30
Summary
Histamine is a biogenic amine, that is, a nitrogenous compound that is produced from the enzymatic of the amino acid histidine. Once it has been synthesized, it is stored in cellular granules along with other biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine, tyramine...). Finally, it can be metaboliced by two enzymatic pathways: by diamino oxidase, which is the main enzyme, or by histamine N-methyltransferase. This biogenic amine is associated with different pathologies, including histamine intolerance. It arises from a defect in its degradation that leads to its accumulation. The symptoms of the disease depend on the histamine receptor that is activated, with gastrointestinal manifestations being the most common (stomach pain, colic, diarrhea, flatulence...). We can differentiate between congenital intolerance (of genetic origin) and acquired histamine intolerance (due to pathological or pharmacological factors). Based on this, it is vitally important to determine its origin to apply the most effective treatment. On the other hand, it is known that the intervention par excellence is to implement a low histamine diet, which manages to minimize the amount of accumulated amine and improve the symptoms of patients. However, today, its diagnosis is a complete challenge.
Direction
CASABIELL PINTOS, JESÚS ANTONIO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Secretary)
VALDES PAÇOS, BERNARDO (Member)
The role of nutrition in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries
Authorship
O.S.B.D.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:30
Summary
The present Final Degree Project exhaustively examines the scientific literature published on musculoskeletal injuries, understanding and synthesizing the underlying physiological characteristics of muscle and bone damage resulting from these injuries. Dietary interventions aimed at reducing rehabilitation times and mitigating lean tissue loss are analyzed. In addition, the influence of caloric balance is investigated, considering fluctuations in energy expenditure that occur during immobilization, as well as the optimal distribution of macronutrients, focusing attention on the structural responsibility of proteins and the role of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), especially leucine, in muscle protein synthesis (SPM). Additionally, various micronutrients with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, such as vitamins C, D, and E, as well as polyphenols, are evaluated for their potential to reduce catabolism by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). The role of supplements is also explored, with a particular focus on creatine as a potential aid in mitigating the loss of strength and muscle mass following immobilization. It is concluded that the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries requires a multidisciplinary intervention, in which nutritional management is particularly relevant due to the improved prognosis following correct and rigorous energy intake, an appropriate distribution of macronutrients where protein plays a fundamental role, and the identification and correction of existing nutritional deficiencies.
Direction
CABEZAS SAINZ, PABLO (Tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Secretary)
VALDES PAÇOS, BERNARDO (Member)
Healthy eating in people whose resources are based on the Food Bank
Authorship
A.S.N.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:30
Summary
One of the options to alleviate the lack of food security that exists in Spain among the most vulnerable groups is the collaboration of entities such as the Food Bank in the area and the NGOs that are in charge of direct care for people. This work aims, on the one hand, to make known the functioning of these institutions, what their means are and the relevance of this type of aid for families, as well as to propose, if necessary, possible improvements in the system, always taking into account that these do not imply an increase in the cost of the baskets for the entities or for family economies. To do this, a bibliographic search was carried out in different databases and official websites. An example of that is the Spanish Federation of Food Banks. Then, it has been made a direct investigation too. This was done thanks to interviews with contacts from different workers with different charges inside the Food Bank: the coordinator of the Bank of Foods Rías Altas whose function is to disseminate information about this bank in schools, the former nutritionist of the Lleida Food Bank and volunteers from a distribution entity. In addition, volunteering was carried out at the distribution NGO Instituto De La Caridad Universal Solidaria of A Coruña to learn more about the process and consumer profile. After the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that this social assistance is insufficient to be able to carry out a healthy, varied and balanced diet. For everything analyzed, it is considered that it would be interesting to incorporate dietitians-nutritionists in these entities, in order to advise on different aspects related to food and nutrition, both volunteers and users.
Direction
VÁZQUEZ ODERIZ, MARÍA LOURDES (Tutorships)
Rivas Pereira, Sara (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Secretary)
VALDES PAÇOS, BERNARDO (Member)
Bacterial microbiota: health and disease
Authorship
R.T.S.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:30
Summary
E. coli is present in the microbiota of most healthy humans and has great importance in establishing a healthy environment in the intestine. The distribution and diversity of this enterobacteria will depend on various factors such as the relationships it establishes with the host human, how it interacts with the environment in which it is found, or how it relates to the rest of the microorganisms around it. Imbalance in the microbiota can lead to colonization of undesirable strains in our intestine, potentially leading to a state of disease or chronic inflammation. Intestinal colonization is a process still under investigation, and its exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood, but various hypotheses have been established over time. There are pathogenic strains of this bacterium that can cause enteric diseases, so it is important to know them and understand their mechanisms of action. This work aims to provide general information about E. coli and its influence on people's intestines, referring to its metabolism, colonization capacity, its relationship with intestinal diseases, and its use as a marker of dysbiosis.
Direction
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Tutorships)
BERMUDEZ POSE, ROBERTO (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Secretary)
VALDES PAÇOS, BERNARDO (Member)
The Benefit of the Atlantic Diet in Sports
Authorship
L.V.S.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:30
Summary
The Atlantic Diet is a traditional eating pattern of the coastal regions of the Atlantic. This diet is known for its benefits for cardiovascular health and reducing inflammation, promoting optimal nutritional balance. On the other hand, sport is something that is part of the lifestyle and culture of Spanish people. In Spain there were a total of 4,107,300 federated athletes in 2022, where 6,101 of high-level athletes. Regarding the Galician community, a total of 662 people are recognized as high-level athletes, 422 are men and 240 women. In Galician canoeing has 172 athletes, which represents 26% of the total number high-level athletes from the community. Taking into account the benefits of the Atlantic Diet for health, as well as for sport, this final degree project aims to compile published scientific information on the Atlantic diet and its application in sport, dedicating part of it to female canoeing. The results of the work have shown that the Atlantic diet, rich in fish (cod, sardines,...), shellfish (octopus and mussels), fruits (apples and pears), vegetables (turnip turnips, turnip greens and spinach), legumes (chickpeas and lentils), nuts and olive oil, provides a high content of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants and fiber, essential components to improve resistance, accelerate muscle recovery and reduce inflammation and reduce the level of injuries. Specifically, due to iron deficiencies, athletic women should consume red meat, for the absorption of hemo iron, as well as, mostly legumes, green leafy vegetables (turnip tops, turnip greens and spinach) and seafood, especially mussels and clams.
Direction
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Tutorships)
Cepeda Sáez, Alberto (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Secretary)
VALDES PAÇOS, BERNARDO (Member)
Overweight and obesity in pregnancy
Authorship
L.V.D.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:30
Summary
In this work, a literature review has been carried out to evaluate the impact of overweight and obesity during pregnancy. Overweight and obesity are significantly associated with a wide variety of complications during pregnancy, in addition to others that can manifest in the baby in adulthood. This highlights the importance of nutrition at this stage of life. Among these adverse effects are preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, miscarriage, macrosomia, congenital malformations, increased maternal weight retention, cardiovascular events and childhood obesity. Pregnancy is a stage of numerous physiological and metabolic changes for pregnant women, with gestational weight gain being one of the main ones. Adequate weight gain is recommended in all pregnancies, whether the pregnant woman has a normal previous weight or if it is higher than the recommended weight. As maternal weight increases, the recommended weight gain decreases. Energy and protein requirements gradually increase as pregnancy progresses to support fetal development and growth. In addition, micronutrients such as iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, iodine, and vitamin D are especially important in overweight or obese pregnancies, as excess adipose tissue reduces their levels. Nevertheless, extreme restriction diets should not be followed at least from three months prior to pregnancy, as they can lead to deficiencies of some nutrients or ketosis, which could affect fetal neurodevelopment. Therefore, it is considered that maternal weight should be reduced before conception to reduce the risk of adverse effects during pregnancy. Restrictive diets are never indicated during pregnancy, even in overweight and obese women. The Mediterranean diet, or its variant, the Atlantic diet, represent the best option during pregnancy, both in pregnancies in general and in those with overweight and obesity. Adherence to healthy eating patterns, accompanied by regular physical activity adapted to the pregnant woman, is related to important benefits, reducing the risk of adverse effects.
Direction
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Tutorships)
Court
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Chairman)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Secretary)
VALDES PAÇOS, BERNARDO (Member)
Nutritional education in the patient candidate for bariatric surgery
Authorship
M.L.G.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:00
Summary
Bariatric surgery is an effective intervention for the treatment of morbid obesity and its associated comorbidities. However, its long-term success largely depends on the patient’s adherence to an appropriate dietary and lifestyle regimen. Consequently, various studies and scientific articles have been analyzed to evaluate the effects of nutritional education on patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The goal is to identify the educational interventions that have proven most effective in improving nutritional knowledge and adherence to dietary recommendations in bariatric patients. The aim is to develop a set of practical recommendations, based on the reviewed literature, that health professionals can implement to optimize preoperative educational sessions. These sessions could cover aspects such as correct reading of nutritional labels, estimation of portion sizes, distribution of macronutrients, and other related topics.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Garrido Ferrero, María Jesús (Co-tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ TATO, JOSE (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Secretary)
COBOS GARCIA, ANGEL (Member)
Influence of gluten on population health and formulation of a gluten free savory biscuit.
Authorship
L.L.B.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
07.15.2024 10:00
Summary
The influence of gluten on health is not limited to people with celiac disease or gluten intolerance; its consumption has also been associated with mental and autoimmune disorders, as well as with multiple gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals without these diagnosed conditions. Due to the growth of this latter group, which suffers from these adverse effects and demands high-quality, nutritionally and sensorily superior gluten-free products, the idea for this experimental work arises. The aim is to guide the formulation of a gluten-free savory cookie or cracker. For the formulation, an evaluation of various raw material alternatives, specifically flours, will be conducted, taking into account their protein content and quality, functional properties (antioxidant, antimicrobial), sensory characteristics in terms of consumer acceptance, technological process viability, and economic feasibility.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Fajardo Bernárdez, Paula (Co-tutorships)
Court
VAZQUEZ TATO, JOSE (Chairman)
RODRIGUEZ SILVA, LAURA (Secretary)
COBOS GARCIA, ANGEL (Member)
Celiac disease and quality of life in pediatric age.
Authorship
A.C.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
02.15.2024 10:00
Summary
Celiac disease is an autoimmune, systemic and chronic pathology induced by gluten ingestion, causing damage to the intestinal mucosa in genetically predisposed individuals. Its prevalence and incidence have been increasing in the last decades, and its early diagnosis in the pediatric population is very important. Although there are some experimental treatments that seem to improve its symptomatology, its only effective treatment so far is the adoption of a gluten-free diet, which must be maintained for life. The diagnosis of this pathology generates important changes in the patient's life, although the adoption of a gluten-free diet leads to an improvement of the pathology, there are several factors that can affect the quality of life and deteriorate it. In this literature review, we update the latest scientific evidence on the epidemiology and nutritional approach to this pathology, and the impact of this nutritional approach. We also compile the results of studies carried out with the most commonly used questionnaires to assess the quality of life of patients with celiac disease, especially those adapted to the pediatric population, and discuss which factors have the greatest influence on the quality of life of pediatric patients.
Direction
MIRANDA LOPEZ, JOSE MANUEL (Tutorships)
MONDRAGON PORTOCARRERO, ALICIA DEL CARMEN (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
Eating disorders. Latest updates.
Authorship
L.G.P.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
02.15.2024 10:00
Summary
Eating disorders (ED) are a group of psychiatric illnesses characterized by presenting a persistent alteration of eating habits, or eating-related behavior that may lead to altered food consumption or absorption. All this, leads to an impairment of physical health or psychosocial functioning. They are diseases of multifactorial etiology, which mainly affect adolescents and young women. anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), among others, stand out among the EDs. Treatment is complex due to their multifactorial nature, and therefore, it is necessary to provide them with different types of intensive care such as inpatient treatment or day centers, among others. One of the main reasons for hospital admission, is significant weight loss in a relatively short period of time and marked underweight. Therefore, a refeeding program is necessary to restore body weight and somatic stabilization. The role of the environment, that is., family and friends, is fundamental, given that they alone present more difficulties in facing the problem, or even, realizing that it exists.
Direction
CAMIÑA GARCIA, MARIA MERCEDES (Tutorships)
RODRÍGUEZ VIEYTES, MARÍA MERCEDES (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
Study of the regulation of iron metabolism in the liver, in response to a diet based on plant protein.
Authorship
C.A.R.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Iron homeostasis is essential to assure an adequate concentration of this element for biological processes. In mammals, iron bioavailability is regulated by the interaction of the molecule hepcidin with ferroportin, the main iron transporter in the cell membrane. Under conditions of enhanced erythropoiesis, more iron is required to provide developing erythroblasts with adequate iron for synthesis of the prosthetic heme group of hemoglobin, therefore increasing the absorption of iron from the diet and mobilization from stores by the decrease in hepcidin expression. Erythropoietin is another molecule involved in iron metabolism produced by the kidney as the main signal that triggers erythropoiesis in anemic and hypoxic conditions. The hypothesis and objectives of this study derive from the previous observation of an increase in all blood cell lines: red, white and platelets, in rats subjected to a diet containing only protein of legume plant origin (lentil or lupine). In this study, the main molecules involved in the regulation of iron metabolism in the liver in Sprague-Dawley rats are analyzed after the administration of two vegetable diets, whose modifications could justify the hematological improvements observed. A design and validation of the primers for the genes to be studied is carried out to optimize the methodology used, based on real-time PCR, with which we measure the expression of mRNA levels. No changes were found in the mRNA levels of the molecules under study in the groups with a diet with protein only of plant-legume origin, which allows us to reject the initial hypothesis. Therefore, previously observed changes in red blood line indicators do not depend on changes in iron metabolism. Consequently, we must study other metabolic or hormonal processes, which are still unidentified.
Direction
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
Mallo Ferrer, Federico (Co-tutorships)
Court
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
VERA RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Molecular characterization of bacteremic Escherichia coli belonging to the serogroups O25 and O15
Authorship
C.D.G.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Escherichia coli is one of the most prevalent pathogens causing extraintestinal infections worldwide. In this work, we carried out a phenotypic (serotyping and antibiogram) and molecular (conventional PCR and sanger sequencing) characterization of 48 E. coli strains belonging to serogroups O15 and O25, from a collection of 348 E. coli strains isolated from bacteremia from patients at the Lucus Augusti Hospital (HULA) during the years 2020 to 2022. The phylogenetic groups and virulence and resistance profiles of the strains were determined. In addition, we studied the clonal structure of the strains belonging to the ST131 type sequence. The serogroups studied are among the most prevalent causes of bacteremia in the health area of Lugo; although E. coli strains of serogroup O25 have a higher frequency than O15 (10% vs 4%). In addition, O25 strains express a greater number of antimicrobial resistances than O15 strains and, although in both groups we find MDR strains, all ESBLs are O25, representing 35% of the strains. 81% of the strains were classified as ExPEC, 71% as UPEC and 29% as APEC, and a correlation was observed between the serogroups, phyllogroups and virulence genes studied. Likewise, 27 bacteremic ST131 strains were detected, highlighting the predominance of clade C and subclade C2, and the presence of 4 strains belonging to the emerging subclade C1-M27. In addition, we describe atypical ST131 clones associated with the fimH16, 27 and 260 alleles. In this context, a prophylactic vaccine targeting prevalent O serotypes could be a useful preventive method against infections caused by ExPEC, but, taking into account the existing epidemiological variations at the global level, it should be adapted to the local epidemiology in order to ensure optimal coverage.
Direction
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
VERA RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Application of molecular biology for the development of alternative treatments to the use of antibiotics.
Authorship
D.L.N.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
The alarming increase of conventional antibiotics-resistant bacteria and the lack of new antibiotics and drug targets represent a threat to human and animal health, and a challenge when treating everyday infectious diseases that are increasingly deadly. Therefore, research and discovery of new strategies to combat the growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is of vital importance. It is important to highlight that in addition to discovering new drugs with bactericidal properties, treatments based on the combination of conventional antibiotics with adjuvant substances are also very interesting, which cause an increase in the sensitivity of the bacteria to the antibiotic by inhibiting any resistance mechanism. In this review article we will describe and discuss the alternatives that are currently under investigation such as the use of bacteriophages and endolysins, antimicrobial peptides and bacteriocins, nanoparticles, efflux pump inhibitors, quorum sensing inhibitors and biofilm inhibitors, antitoxins and antibodies, peptidonucleic acids, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and photosensitizers of plant origin.
Direction
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
VERA RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Molecular characterization of bacteremic Escherichia coli belonging to the serogroups O1 and O2.
Authorship
P.M.L.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Recent years have seen an increase in bacteraemias caused by extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Among the most prevalent serogroups globally are serogroups O1 and O2. Our objective is to characterise strains belonging to these serogroups, seeking to understand the reasons for their success. Determining the characteristics of these strains is vital to design vaccines adapted to the current epidemiology of our health area. For the study and characterisation of the 53 E. coli strains causing bacteraemia in a hospital in Lugo (HULA) during the years 2020 to 2022, we used phenotypic (serotyping, determination of MICs) and molecular methods. We determine serotypes, phylogenetic groups and virulence genes to establish ExPEC, UPEC and APEC status. The collection includes 20 O1, 33 O2 strains, of which only 6 were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). Molecular characterisation shows that the most abundant phylogenetic group is B2 (42 strains). The strains in the present study showed a broad collection of virulence factors. Based on their virulence genes, 46 strains were qualified as ExPEC, 48 UPEC and 31 APEC. In addition, 24 isolates belonging to sequence type 95 were detected. The results confirm that a significant percentage of strains causing septicaemia in the population of Lugo are positive for ExPEC, UPEC and APEC. Likewise, it reaffirms the idea that the success of serogroups O1 and O2 is not due to their resistance to antibiotics but to the high number of virulence factors .
Direction
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Co-tutorships)
Court
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
VERA RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Molecular characterization of bacteremic Escherichia coli belonging to serotypes O8, O9 and O101.
Authorship
E.P.H.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
E.coli is the etiological agent responsible for the highest number of bacteremias worldwide, and its incidence has been increasing over the past few years. In this work, we study the prevalence of bacteremic E.coli strains belonging to serogroups O8, O9 and O101 in the healthcare area of Lugo. Additionally, we characterized the strains isolated during the period 2020-2022 using both phenotypic and molecular techniques to establish their relationship with antimicrobial resistance, determine their main virulence factors and analyze their clonal structure and evolutionary relationships. The study results show that the three evaluated serogroups are among the 10 most prevalent and more than half of their strains exhibit multiple antimicrobial resistance, representing approximately one-third of the total bacteriemic strains with multiple resistance. On the other hand, the average number of virulence genes in strains of serogroups O8 and O9 is much higher than the one obtained in strains of serogroup O101, theoretically implying a greater virulence potential. Finally, the predominant fimH alleles and phylogenetic groups in the three serogroups are different (O8-C-fimH39, O9-B1-fimH32 and O101-A-fimH54), indicating that most of their strains are evolutionarily very different. However, phylogenetic group B1 and allele fimH32 are also common among some strains of serogroup O8, suggesting that these might have a close genetic relationship with strains of serogroup O9. The high prevalence, association with multiple resistance and presence of numerous virulence genes justify the inclusion of the three serogroups in future vaccines developed for the prevention of E.coli-caused bacteremias in humans.
Direction
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Tutorships)
BLANCO ALVAREZ, JESUS EULOGIO (Co-tutorships)
Court
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
VERA RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Molecular mechanisms involved in Alzheimer's disease
Authorship
D.R.D.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative pathology that is the most common type of dementia today, representing 60-70% of cases. It was discovered in 1906 by Dr. Alois Alzheimer, who identified those, that even nowadays, are considered the main histopathological marks of this disease: amyloid plaques, or senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. Among the main symptoms of this disease are memory loss, disorientation, difficulties with language and changes in behaviour. Although the main risk factor is age and the majority of people who suffer from it are over 65 years of age, Alzheimer's is not a disease inherent to aging, but rather many factors are responsible for its appearance. Multiple theories have been proposed to explain the neuropathology of AD: the cholinergic hypothesis, the amyloid cascade hypothesis, tau protein dysfunction or various genetic factors, among which the APOE gene stands out, are the most relevant. However, although much progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in its development, this disease currently remains without a cure and the available treatments are limited to alleviating the symptoms or delaying their appearance.
Direction
VALE GONZALEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Raposo García, Sandra (Co-tutorships)
Court
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
VERA RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Use of human neuronal cells for the study of natural compounds
Authorship
U.R.R.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Experimental models for evaluating the effects of compounds on the nervous system have gradually evolved over the years. Currently, in vitro models are valuable allies for neurotoxicity screening. In 2015, human neural progenitor cells, termed CTX0E16, were developed as an in vitro model of native neural cells to investigate physiological mechanisms. Human neural stem cells represent an ideal in vitro model for studying the development of neural mechanisms and their disorders, among them is the CTX0E16 cell line. This cell line, in addition to expressing all glutamate and GABA receptors, Na+ dependent channels, and K+ dependent channels that other neural cell lines lack, has the ability to differentiate into various cell types. However, its use in laboratory toxicological studies is not common due to its long differentiation period, which can take up to 60 days. In this work, three methods for accelerating cell differentiation using enzymatic modulators, forskolin, CHIR99021, and retinoic acid were studied. The results obtained after 48 hours of treatment suggest that forskolin decreases the number of glial cells and that retinoic acid promotes cell differentiation. However, additional studies are needed to evaluate the effects of these molecules to confirm their use in accelerating cell differentiation.
Direction
VALE GONZALEZ, MARIA DEL CARMEN (Tutorships)
Raposo García, Sandra (Co-tutorships)
Court
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
VERA RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Antioxidant films for wound healing. In vitro studies
Authorship
V.F.E.G.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 10:00
Summary
Exudative chronic wounds are a recurring problem regarding primary care in the health system, these injuries hinder the patient's quality of life and are hard to treat successfully due to their chronical nature. Their clinical presentation is associated with an increment in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and recurring infections that, together, promote a continuous inflammatory state in the affected tissue. The use of superabsorbent dressings coupled with extensive antibiotic therapy is the most frequent treatment course for these types of wounds. In this work, the antioxidant activity, as well as the mechanical and physicochemical properties, of dry films composed by a blend of sodium alginate and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose containing a manganese metallic complex were investigated. The aim was to determine whether the crosslinking method (chemical or ionic) used to obtain the films influenced the aforementioned properties. Moreover, the biocompatibility and the antioxidant effect against cellular ROS was evaluated using in vitro cultures of human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Results showed a direct correlation between the crosslinking method used to obtain the films and the properties evaluated for each film synthesized, being the use of both chemical and ionic crosslinking the technique that resulted in films with the most desirable characteristics regarding swelling degree, flexibility, strength and controlled release of the manganese complex. At the same time, in vitro assays showed complete biocompatibility between the films and the cell culture, as well as an evident antioxidant effect against oxidative stress. A positive effect on cellular migration was also reported. Although the films obtained in this work are nothing more than prototypes of superabsorbent wound dressings, it is necessary to continue doing research on the possible applications that biopolymers and biomimetic metallic complexes can have on the treatment of exudative chronic wounds.
Direction
LUZARDO ALVAREZ, ASTERIA M. (Tutorships)
Court
BARCIA VIEITEZ, RAMIRO (Chairman)
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Secretary)
VERA RODRIGUEZ, MANUEL (Member)
Adherence to the Atlantic Diet in hospital patients
Authorship
L.N.T.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
02.15.2024 10:00
Summary
The Atlantic Diet is the traditional diet consumed in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, especially Galicia and northern Portugal. The geographical, climatic and cultural characteristics of these areas have led to the development of this specific dietary pattern. These regions have a longer life expectancy, which suggests the existence of a relationship between this dietary pattern and positive health effects. This is because the Atlantic Diet is enriched with nutrients of high biological value that, together with its favorite culinary preparations and the promotion of healthy physical activity, results in these beneficial health effects, such as the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and a possible decreased risk of cancer. Recently, the Working Group for the Development of the Atlantic Diet has published a score to evaluate adherence to it. The objective of this research work is to analyze adherence to this dietary pattern in cancer patients, as well as compare these data with healthy populations and to analyze their differences. For this purpose, a survey was carried out aimed at oncology patients treated in the Clinical Nutrition Consultations of the Ferrol University Hospital Complex (CHUF), a total of 26 patients participated. The data related to healthy population comes from anonymous surveys that have been previously disseminated by the members of the Working Group for the Development of the Atlantic Diet and previously published as a Final Degree Project. Overall, in our sample population, adherence to the Atlantic Diet was high in 3,8% of cancer patients, medium in 61,6% and low in 34,6%. Compared with a healthy population sample without oncological pathology, adherence to the Atlantic Diet was lower in cancer patients than in healthy controls.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
Tejera Pérez, Cristina (Co-tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
The future of food: exploring cultured meat
Authorship
B.V.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
02.15.2024 10:00
Summary
This Bachelor's Thesis aims to analyze the feasibility and acceptability of lab-grown meat as an alternative to food production. Firstly, a literature review was conducted to gather relevant information about this technology, with a special emphasis on the production process and its various stages, such as the extraction of stem cells and cell cultivation. Secondly, surveys were carried out to understand consumers' opinions on lab-grown meat and assess the potential impact of this alternative in the Spanish market, considering factors influencing consumption decisions.This study concludes that consumers have significant concerns regarding the taste, naturalness, and potential health effects of lab-grown meat. The high price and lack of knowledge about the ingredients are major obstacles to its widespread consumption. Additionally, it is noteworthy that the general perception is that lab-grown meat is not a sustainable alternative. These findings underscore the importance of continued research and improvements to enhance the viability and acceptance of lab-grown meat in the market.
Direction
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
Court
RODRIGUEZ NUÑEZ, EUGENIO ANSELMO (Chairman)
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Secretary)
PITA CALVO, CONSUELO (Member)
Use of fat burning suplements for weight loss
Authorship
H.A.A.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:00
Summary
Obesity and overweight represent a problem for the current population, with a prevalence that is constantly increasing. Its approach includes various types of treatments. Among these are over-the-counter natural supplements, which can be used as adjuvants in the treatment of this condition. These supplements come in multiple formats, including creams, capsules and powders. In this bibliographic review, we will proceed to identify the compounds present in these supplements, which are made from plant extracts, focusing on those for oral administration. An exhaustive description of each of the identified compounds will be carried out, analyzing their mechanism of action on metabolism, the recommended dose and their effects. This will include an evaluation of its potential adverse effects and toxicity. Finally, a critical evaluation will be carried out to determine the real effectiveness of these supplements for losing body fat.
Direction
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
OCA GONZALEZ, LUZIA (Secretary)
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Member)
Cardiovascular effects of energy drinks
Authorship
A.E.E.F.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:00
Summary
In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks among adolescents and young adults has risen significantly, so there is growing concern about the health risks associated with their consumption. The aim of this literature review is to determine the possible cardiovascular risks associated with the consumption of these beverages. To this end, experimental studies carried out in humans have been evaluated to know in detail how the different components of these drinks affect the cardiovascular system. Energy drinks contain high levels of sugars and caffeine, along with other ingredients such as taurine, medicinal plants, or vitamins. It has been found that the consumption of energy drinks causes an increase in heart rate and, in turn, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This is mainly due to the amounts of caffeine they contain. Taurine has also been observed to cause an increase in heart rate when ingested together with caffeine, however, it reduces the increase in blood pressure that is usually caused by caffeine intake. On the other hand, the physiological mechanism that causes the intake of energy drinks to be harmful in patients with a history of ventricular tachycardia is not known. In conclusion, the consumption of energy drinks affects cardiovascular parameters, raising the heart rate and altering blood pressure.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
OCA GONZALEZ, LUZIA (Secretary)
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Member)
Influence of social media on eating habits.
Authorship
U.G.T.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:00
Summary
The increasing use of social media has changed the way that people obtain information related to making decisions about their diet. This study analyzes the influence of social media on the food choices of adolescents and young adults. Throughout this bibliographical review is shown the potential use of Instagram and TikTok for promoting good/healthy eating habits, thanks to the easy access to recipes, nutritional advice and contacting with health professionals. On the other hand, there were also found negative aspects like the promotion of unhealthy foods through strategies like marketing and influencers, the recommendations of not regulated food products, and the spread of misinformation about diets. Through this study, it becomes clear the need to implement policies that regulate the information and digital education, to maximise the benefits and lower the risks associated with using social media platforms for dietary purposes.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
VAZQUEZ SANDE, PABLO (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
OCA GONZALEZ, LUZIA (Secretary)
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Member)
Nutritional strategies to modulate gut microbiome in celiac disease.
Authorship
O.H.A.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:00
Summary
Celiac disease is a chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease triggered by the presence of gluten in the diet and multiple immunological and environmental interactions, in individuals with a genetic predisposition. Currently, the sole treatment for celiac disease is adhering to a gluten-free diet, which aids in the healing of the intestinal mucosa. Thanks to the latest analysis techniques, in recent years there has been growing progress regarding the composition and activity of the intestinal microbiota, which plays a highly relevant role in human physiology and its alteration has been related to a variety of diseases. inflammatory bowel diseases, including celiac disease. In this bibliographic review, information from recent years is collected, where patients with celiac disease have shown a modified microbiota, characterized by an increase in total bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria compared to harmful ones. Likewise, the relevance of modulating the intestinal microbiota as a therapeutic weapon to reduce symptoms in these patients is highlighted. The results obtained reveal significant differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota between individuals with celiac disease and those without it. These differences suggest that dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, could contribute to the pathogenesis of celiac disease and the persistence of symptoms even in patients following a gluten-free diet.
Direction
CARDELLE COBAS, ALEJANDRA (Tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
OCA GONZALEZ, LUZIA (Secretary)
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Member)
Family factors associated with anorexia nervosa
Authorship
M.M.L.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:00
Summary
Eating disorders have a multicausal etiology. It is therefore important to know the factors that can influence its appearance and evolution. This literature review aims to explore and analyze the relationship between family factors and anorexia nervosa, with the aim of improving the understanding of this complex disorder and improving the care and treatment of people affected by this disease. The main family factors related to anorexia nervosa were: emotional availability and parental sensitivity, abuse, the mother-daughter relationship, parental depression, as well as the socioeconomic and cultural context and stigmas in the family. In the treatment, the importance of good nutritional education and the role of the dietitian-nutritionist are emphasized. In addition, a series of recommendations for health professionals, educators, families and general recommendations for the population are added. Finally, it is concluded that family factors in anorexia nervosa are of vital importance, with the family being a crucial source of support in the disease process.
Direction
REGAL LÓPEZ, PATRICIA (Tutorships)
LAMAS FREIRE, ALEXANDRE (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
OCA GONZALEZ, LUZIA (Secretary)
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Member)
The challenge of nourishment in the elderly
Authorship
S.R.R.
Bachelor's degree in Human Nutrition and Dietetics
Defense date
09.13.2024 10:00
Summary
A healthy diet is essential at any stage of life, but it becomes especially relevant in old age, since it helps to prevent and treat diseases that affect this heterogeneous group of the population, due to different physiological, pathophysiological, social situations, etc. This Final Degree Project is focused on analyzing how the elderly living in rural areas eat, taking into account the physiological changes associated with aging that can affect their diet. In addition, it seeks to evaluate the influence of economic, social and mobility factors on the eating habits of these people. The study was carried out through personal interviews using a questionnaire designed specifically for this purpose. From the data collected, it has been concluded that older adults who live in rural areas have a traditional diet, based on local foods and cooked at home mostly by women, who are also responsible for purchasing. In addition, the need to increase the consumption of vegetables and fish and the intake of water and a decrease in the intake of meat has been observed in this population group. Although many respondents claim to have less appetite than years ago, they maintain a good appetite thanks to their constant activity. In general, participants consider that mood influences their appetite. Highlights the prevalence of hypertension and constipation among older people surveyed but even so, they are concerned about staying active to maintain an optimal state of health. The people surveyed usually eat in the company of their partners or family members, preferring to do it this way, positively affecting the variety of meals. In addition, they have cooked in the same way all their lives, enjoy eating and consider their diet to be adequate, showing resistance to making significant changes to their eating habits. Therefore, this study on the diet of older people in the rural environment has identified both strengths and challenges inherent to their diet, which influence the quality of life of this population group. In this way, it lays the foundation for future research and policies to promote their integral wellness.
Direction
Romero Rodríguez, Mª Ángeles (Tutorships)
GARCIA GOMEZ, MARIA BELEN (Co-tutorships)
Court
BLANCO ALVAREZ, MIGUEL (Chairman)
OCA GONZALEZ, LUZIA (Secretary)
NEBOT GARCIA, CAROLINA GRACIELA (Member)
Neurochemical characterization and expression of glucoconjugates in the olfactory and vomeronasal systems of the cat
Authorship
A.V.C.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.16.2024 09:15
Summary
The olfactory and vomeronasal systems play an essential role in cats for their adaptation and survival, allowing them to perceive vital information about their environment, such as the presence of food and threats, or mediating in socio-sexual behavior through the detection of pheromones, kairomones, and major histocompatibility complex molecules. Despite their relevance, there is a lack of detailed information on the structural and neurochemical organization of both systems, particularly regarding the olfactory bulb, which acts as an integrative center for this information. The main objective of this work has been to conduct a detailed and comprehensive morphological and neurochemical analysis of the vomeronasal organ and olfactory bulb of cats using macroscopic and microscopic morphological techniques. Serial histological sections of both structures were prepared for this purpose. These sections underwent routine histological stains such as hematoxylin-eosin and specific stains like Nissl staining. In addition, immunohistochemical techniques were used to label proteins involved in olfactory and vomeronasal transduction pathways, as well as specific markers of nervous tissue such as tubulin, enolase, and PGP 9.5. The expression of calcium-binding proteins such as secretagogin, parvalbumin, calbindin, and calretinin, which allow for the identification of specific neuronal subpopulations, was also studied. Neurochemical characterization extended to glycoconjugates using plant lectins as markers, specifically VVA, STA, SBA, DBA, LEA, and UEA. The results obtained have expanded our knowledge of the neurochemical organization of the vomeronasal organ and olfactory bulb in cats, demonstrating a more complex morphofunctional organization than previously assumed, thereby opening new perspectives in understanding the role of chemical communication in this species.
Direction
SANCHEZ QUINTEIRO, PABLO (Tutorships)
ORTIZ LEAL, IRENE (Co-tutorships)
Court
Bouza Fernandez, M Carmen (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
VELOSO FREIRE, JAVIER (Member)
Purification and characterization of an isoform of the catalytic subunit of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis sperm-specific cAMP-dependent protein kinase
Authorship
L.B.M.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
09.12.2024 11:15
Summary
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is essential for the regulation of numerous celular process. Different isoforms of the R and C subunits have been identified in mammals and other organism as the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. In addition, studies suggest that the C4 subunit isolated from mussel mantle is sperm specific and therefore could be homologous to mammalian C-alpha-2. In contrast to other organisms such as mammals and fish, the mechanism of sperm motility activation in mussel is still unknown. Furthermore, there is evidence that rising sea temperatura negatively affects sperm motility in mollusks. Therefore, in order to understand the impact of these alterations in the aquatic environment on the fertilization rate of these organisms, it is essential to know the mechanisms underlying this process. For this reason, this TFG was carried out as a preliminary step to determine the influence of temperature on sperm motility. The objective of this work was to purify and characterize the C4 subunit from male mussel mantle. Purification was achieved by two successive chromatographies: (1) DEAE-Sephadex that retains PKA through the R subunits and the C subunits are eluted with cAMP; (2) Mono-S that retains the C subunits that are subsequently eluted with NaCl. Finally, the enzymatic activity and the recognition by western blotting of the C subunit in the different fractions obtained after Mono-S chromatography were determined. In addition, the molecular weight of the subunit of approximately 41 kDa was determined.
Direction
VILLAMARIN CID, JOSE ANTONIO (Tutorships)
IBARGUREN ARICETA, MARIA DE IZASKUN (Co-tutorships)
Court
Bouza Fernandez, M Carmen (Chairman)
Flament Simon, Saskia Camille (Secretary)
VELOSO FREIRE, JAVIER (Member)
Design of the gaseous fuel feeding system for load-testing of generator sets.
Authorship
S.D.L.I.B.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
07.10.2024 10:00
Summary
This document addresses the design of a system for the supply of gaseous fuels, specifically LPG, LNG, Biogas, hydrogen and Syngas, intended for load testing of generator sets. This work is framed within the growing need to adopt measures against climate change, considering energy efficiency and the reduction of pollutant gas emissions. Each gas will have its own characteristics, as well as the installations that comprise each of them. Therefore, a methodology has been created for calculating both the storage of these gases and the necessary piping for the construction of these installations in the vicinity of the company Genesal Energy, a company dedicated to the creation of custom generator sets. Furthermore, equipment selection will be carried out following the regulations and the aforementioned methodology. With this selection, a thorough cost analysis of these installations will be conducted. Given that the company of this project is dedicated to energy and with the new regulations coming into force in Europe related to the energy transition, all this work allows it to visualize more effectively and practically the solutions it currently has to improve its system and move towards a more decarbonized future.
Direction
FERNANDEZ CARRASCO, EUGENIO (Tutorships)
Blanco López, Alexander (Co-tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
Vázquez Vila, María José (Secretary)
AMIAMA ARES, CARLOS (Member)
Project for a heating and domestic hot water (DHW) system with solar panels and aerothermal in a single-family home.
Authorship
L.D.T.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
07.10.2024 10:00
Summary
In the present project, is intended to do the design of a heating and domestic hot water (DHW) installation for a two-storey single-family home in O Vicedo, Lugo. The aerothermal system has been chosen to supply the heating energy needs after determining the thermal demand for heating and DHW. This aerothermal system consists of a bibloc heat pump, which is powered by a photovoltaic system. For heating, an underfloor heating system has been selected. The project begins by calculating the energy needs of the house with the aim of keeping the heated spaces at the optimum design temperature. After this, the hot water requirements of both floors of the house shall be determined. As for the underfloor heating system, the pipe pitch and the necessary pipe length have been calculated. Once the entire installation has been designed, a budget and financial evaluation of the project is carried out to determine its profitability. The project consists of various documents and annexes, such as a memory, plans of the house, health and safety study, specifications, measurements and budgets, and the financial evaluation. These documents are necessary to execute the installation in a correct way
Direction
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
Vázquez Vila, María José (Secretary)
AMIAMA ARES, CARLOS (Member)
Project of a photovoltaic installation for a 240 m2 warehouse for frozen storage.
Authorship
P.G.P.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
07.10.2024 10:00
Summary
This project involves the design of a photovoltaic installation to meet, as much as possible, the electricity demand required by a warehouse that will be designed to house a storage facility with refrigeration units for frozen fish. The main purpose of this project is to achieve energy and economic savings through the implementation of renewable energies, specifically by using solar energy through photovoltaic panels. These panels will be installed in a coplanar manner, that is, with the same inclination as the roof, on the warehouse roof that houses the fish storage with its different areas. For this purpose, an inverter will be used, which will be connected to the electrical infrastructure designed for the warehouse. The project includes a Report, the corresponding Annexes, Plans, a Specification Sheet, a Safety and Health Study, and the Budget. All these documents are essential for the correct execution of the works.
Direction
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Tutorships)
Rodríguez Villamor, Alberto (Co-tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
Vázquez Vila, María José (Secretary)
AMIAMA ARES, CARLOS (Member)
Design project of a winery in Ribeira Sacra
Authorship
A.P.P.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
07.10.2024 10:00
Summary
The main objective of this Project is the designo f a winery located in Ribeira sacra, Lugo. For this purpose, the construction of a new space of 1.276 m2 is carried out from scratch, as detailed in the Project planning. The facility will have several differentiated áreas. The main ones are dedicated to the production process and another for bottling and labeling the producto. Additionally, the necessary equipment is selected to process an average anual quantity of 170.000 kg of Mencía grape variety, considering a grape/wine yield of 69%. The plot is located in the Os Acivros industrial estate (Chantada), with excellent road connections as it is very close to Ourense and Lugo, facilitating wine distribution. A Budget is prepared for the project´s facilities, and a Financial Evaluation is conduced to dtermine its economic viability. In addition to the report, complementary documents such as the Health and Safety Study, a Quality Control Plan, Waste Management Study, Terms and Conditions and corresponding Plans are included.
Direction
JOVER RAMOS, AIDA (Tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
Vázquez Vila, María José (Secretary)
AMIAMA ARES, CARLOS (Member)
Fresh cheese cheesemaker project in Lugo
Authorship
M.F.F.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
02.19.2024 10:30
Summary
This project will consist of the integral design of an industrial building that will be located in the industrial area of El Ceao (Lugo) and in which a production process will be developed that will allow to obtain a quantity close to 500 kg per day of fresh cheese from cow's milk. The needs of personnel, materials, raw materials and equipment will be estimated on the basis of this quantity, being able to proceed, then, to the design of the building as such, for which it will be necessary to carry out all the pertinent structural calculations. The building will be rectangular and will measure 20 x 15 meters, divided into twelve rooms. The process will require the presence of sanitation, lighting, power and plumbing installations, which are also calculated in this project. In order to achieve a complete and exhaustive graphic definition of both the building and the installations, plans will be drawn up. Annexes and documents will be drawn up relating to the actions, regulations, provisions, etc. that must be taken into account both for the start-up and for the smooth running of all operations. In addition, the costs that must be assumed in order to carry out the work as a whole will be specified. It should be noted that the project has been subjected to a financial evaluation that demonstrates its feasibility.
Direction
AMIAMA ARES, CARLOS (Tutorships)
Court
CABALEIRO LAGO, ENRIQUE MANUEL (Chairman)
MARTINEZ AGEITOS, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Member)
Coffee processing plant project.
Authorship
C.M.R.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
02.19.2024 10:30
Summary
Nowadays coffee is one of the most consumed drinks and with a high percentage of consumers, for this project arabica coffee has been chosen as it has a higher quality. This proyect will include the plant design and the design of the warehouse necessary for coffee processing, obtaining roasted and ground coffee. The capacity of this project will be approximately 250 tons per year, divided into 125 tons/year for roasted coffee and the other 125 tons/year for ground coffee. The plant will work 246 days per year, with a working day of 40 hours per week in morning shifts, with a total of 8 workers. The project will focus on process design, selection of the necessary equipment, and all aspects related to their distribution in the plant, as well as the necessary calculations for the engineering of the building and installations, in accordance with the regulations established in the CTE and other mandatory standards. This work's content has the following documents: - Memory - Plans - Appendix - Specifications Document - Health and Safety Study - Budgets The work will take place in the industrial estate in Lugo, O Ceao.
Direction
AMIAMA ARES, CARLOS (Tutorships)
Court
CABALEIRO LAGO, ENRIQUE MANUEL (Chairman)
MARTINEZ AGEITOS, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Member)
Project for a walnuts treatment plant
Authorship
V.M.L.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
02.19.2024 10:30
Summary
This project involves the comprehensive design of an industrial warehouse intended for the processing and distribution of walnuts, located on plot K2.A in the As Gándaras industrial estate in Lugo. Not only is the warehouse designed, but also the production process for treating the walnuts and all the necessary facilities to carry this out are planned. The warehouse will have several distinct areas for walnut production and storage, as well as office work, dressing rooms, a break room, and an office. Calculations will be performed for the foundation, the metal structure of the warehouse, and the electrical, sanitation, and plumbing installations. The budget for the project, including VAT, amounts to a total of €319,229.94. Finally, a financial evaluation will be carried out, taking into account various factors, estimating a payback period of 6 years with financing or 8 years without it.
Direction
AMIAMA ARES, CARLOS (Tutorships)
Court
CABALEIRO LAGO, ENRIQUE MANUEL (Chairman)
MARTINEZ AGEITOS, JOSE MANUEL (Secretary)
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Member)
Industrial facility for pen production
Authorship
N.A.M.M.
Bachelor's Degree in Industrial Chemical Processes Engeneering
Defense date
09.10.2024 10:00
Summary
This project proposes the design and construction of an industrial facility specialized in the manufacturing process of pens. Alongside the manufacturing process, a description of the equipment and its parameters is included. The product, materials, and characteristics of its components are also detailed. The design and dimensioning of footings, beams, columns, and joints have been carried out using structural calculation software, as well as the layout of lighting according to the technical building code requirements. The industrial facility is designed to accommodate all stages of the manufacturing process. In addition to the production area, it includes a warehouse area, a loading and unloading zone, and office space. The facility will house the necessary machinery for the industrial process as well as offices for the plant personnel. The installation of a rainwater drainage system and a fire protection system is also described.
Direction
AMIAMA ARES, CARLOS (Tutorships)
Court
SEIJAS VAZQUEZ, JULIO ANTONIO (Chairman)
Vázquez Vila, María José (Secretary)
MARTINEZ AGEITOS, JOSE MANUEL (Member)
Validation of a 'point of care' device for calcium measuring in farms
Authorship
I.A.C.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:00
Summary
Hypocalcemia is the most prevalent pathology and the one that causes the greatest economic losses in dairy cows. More than 50% of multiparous cows develop subclinical hypocalcemia (SHC) within the first four days after calving. SHC increases the risk of other postpartum pathologies and is associated with reduced milk production during lactation, reproductive problems and animal health complications. Therefore, postpartum prophylactic calcium supplementation is a common practice, but it can be counterproductive in some animals, so it would be desirable to selectively treat cows that need it. In this sense, one of the drawbacks that arise is not having an accurate, fast and economical tool that allows measuring Ca levels, and thus detecting SHC 'in situ'. So far, there is still no sufficiently sensitive, economical and viable equipment for the measurement of SHC directly on the farm. The aim of this study is to compare two colorimetric methods for the detection of calcium and to verify their feasibility to develop a 'point of care' device for the measurement of Ca in bovine blood serum on farm. The first method uses zincon as an indicator and the second arsenazo III. With each method, calibration curves and measurements of samples whose calcium concentration was known were made with each method. The measurements were made on samples of cow blood serum. The comparison is made with established reference methods, which were accessed in the clinical laboratory of the Rof-Codina University Veterinary Hospital. After taking the measurements and comparing both methods, it was concluded that the most suitable indicator for the prototype calcium meter is arsenazo III.
Direction
NOVO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DE LA MERCED (Tutorships)
MIRANDA CASTAÑON, MARTA INES (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
MANEIRO MANEIRO, MARCELINO (Secretary)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Member)
DNA detection and quantification using intercalators
Authorship
S.I.C.C.
Degree in Biochemistry
Defense date
07.15.2024 09:00
Summary
Proflavine (PF) is a dye with countless uses; from its role as an antiseptic or antitumor to its role as a nucleic acid marker, this molecule can intercalate the double strand of DNA, a process where a flat molecule is inserted between the base pairs of DNA. Many works are based on the study of the interaction of PF and DNA, since the greatest interest lies in its role as a cheaper fluorochrome that allows detecting and, in other cases, quantifying DNA amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The formation of a less fluorescent intercalated complex can be observed by using Vis-UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. In this work, we characterized PF to determine how its intercalation in DNA can be affected by the ionic strength of the medium and charge of the cation present in the salt. For this purpose, the affinity constants of PF with DNA were determined in the presence of different concentrations of Mg2+ and Na+ salts. Results demonstrated that this constant decreases as the ionic strength of the solution increases and that Mg2+ produces a bigger decrease in the affinity constant than Na+. Finally, the amplified DNA by LAMP (Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification) was quantified using proflavine as a dye, and these results were compared with others obtained using a different intercalator and a commercial dye.
Direction
NOVO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA DE LA MERCED (Tutorships)
Hernández Faria de Moraes, Stella (Co-tutorships)
Court
HERRERO LATORRE, CARLOS (Chairman)
MANEIRO MANEIRO, MARCELINO (Secretary)
FENTE SAMPAYO, CRISTINA ASUNCION (Member)