Development and tissue biology

- Students will know how to identify and describe the stages and factors involved in process of sporogenesis, gametogenesis, fertilization and early development.
- Students will know how to identify and describe the processes that determine tissue and body structure morphogenesis, body pattern formation and capacity for regeneration.
- Students will know how to list the characteristics and functions of different plant and animal tissues.
- Students will know how to identify different plant and animal tissues under a light microscope.

THEORETICAL CLASS PROGRAM (29 hours).
Developmental biology (8 hours).
THEME 1.- Object of the development study. Main processes and concepts. Asexual and sexual reproduction. Germ cells. Determination of sex.
THEME 2.- Gametogenesis. Fertilization. In vitro fertilization. Cloning.
THEME 3.- Embryogenesis: segmentation, gastrulation and early development. Morphogenesis processes. Cell specification, determination and differentiation.
THEME 4.- Patterning of the body axes in animals and plants. Developmental genes responsible for the identity of body segments.

Plant tissue biology (10 hours).
THEME 5.- The flower. Sporogenesis. Fertilization. Seed. Fruit.
THEME 6.- Plant tissue classification. Meristems.
THEME 7.- Fundamental tissues.
THEME 8.- Primary and secondary vascular tissues.
THEME 9.- Primary and secondary protective tissues.
THEME 10. - External and internal glandular tissues.

Animal tissue biology (11 hours).
THEME 11.- Animal tissues. Epithelial tissue.
THEME 12.- Connective tissues. Adipose tissue. Pigmentary tissue.
THEME 13.- Cartilaginous tissue.
THEME 14.- Bone tissue. Tooth tissue.
THEME 15.- Blood and haematopoiesis.
THEME 16.- Immune system.
THEME 17.- Muscle tissue.
THEME 18.- Nervous tissue.
THEME 19.- Regeneration. Regenerative processes at cellular, tissue, and organ level.

PRACTICAL CLASS PROGRAM (14 hours).
TASK 1.- Gametogenesis: oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Flower.
TASK 2.- Vertebrate development. Cleavage, gastrulation, and neurulation.
TASK 3.- Plant tissues: meristems, fundamental, vascular, protective and glandular.
TASK 4.- Epithelial tissue. Connective tissue. Adipose tissue.
TASK 5.- Epithelial tissue. Connective tissue. Cartilaginous tissue. Bone tissue
TASK 6.- Blood. Lymphoid organs.
TASK 7.- Muscle tissue. Nervous tissue.

INTERACTIVE SEMINAR CLASSES (7 hours).
The lecturer will provide or indicate where to locate the subjects for the realization of the seminars. The students must prepare the proposed seminars. In the seminars, contents of the last lecture of the program will be discussed and the students will have to answer questions about those contents.

MANDATORY TUTORSHIP (1 hour).
In the tutorship, the course programming will be explained, recommendations for organizing and studying the subject will be given and any doubts that students may have in relation to it will be solved.

Basic bibliography:
WOLPERT, L.; JESSEL, T.; LAWRENCE, P.; MEYEROWITZ, E.; ROBERTSON, E.; SMITH, J. (2010). Principios del desarrollo. 3ª ed. Editorial Médica Panamericana. ISBN: 9788498352061.
WOLPERT, L.; TICKLE, C.; MARTÍNEZ ARIAS, A.; LAWCENCE, P.; LOCKE, J. (2019). Principles of development. 6th ed. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198800569. Some resources available in: https://global.oup.com/uk/orc/xedition/wolpert5exe/
MÜLLER, W.A. (1997). Developmental Biology. Springer. Online ISBN: 1461222486. Available online in the library's Iacobus search engine: https://www.usc.gal/gl/servizos/area/biblioteca-universitaria
OVALLE, W.K.; NAHIRNEY, P.C. (2021). Netter Histología esencial. 3ª ed. Elsevier. eISBN: 978-84-1382-053-8. Available online in the library's Iacobus search engine: https://www.usc.gal/gl/servizos/area/biblioteca-universitaria
GARTNER, L.P.; HIATT, J.L. (2015). Biología celular e histología. 7ª ed. Wolters Kluwer. ISBN: 978-84-16004-67-6. Available online in the library's Iacobus search engine: https://www.usc.gal/gl/servizos/area/biblioteca-universitaria
EVERT, R.F. (2008). Esau Anatomía Vegetal. 3a ed. Ediciones Omega. ISBN: 9788428214438. Available online (English version) in the library's Iacobus search engine: https://www.usc.gal/gl/servizos/area/biblioteca-universitaria
MEGÍAS, M.; MOLIST, P.; POMBAL, M.A. Atlas de Histología Vegetal y Animal. Depto. de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde. Facultade de Bioloxía. Universidade de Vigo. Accessible in: https://mmegias.webs.uvigo.es/

Complementary bibliography:
WEBSTER, S.; DE WREEDE, R. (2013). Embriología. Lo esencial de un vistazo. Editorial Médica Panamericana. ISBN: 9788498357196. Available online in the library's Iacobus search engine: https://www.usc.gal/gl/servizos/area/biblioteca-universitaria
DYE, F.J. (2011). Dictionary of Developmental Biology and Embryology. 2nd ed. Wiley‐Blackwell. Online ISBN: 9781118196649. Available online at: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com.ezbusc.usc.gal/doi/book/10.1002/9781118…
GILBERT, S.F.; BARRESI, M.J.F. (2020). Developmental biology. 12th ed. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9781605358222. The 2000 edition is available, 6th ed. in: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9983/?term
PAWLINA, W. (2020). Ross Histología. Texto y Atlas. Correlación con Biología Molecular y Celular. Wolters Kluwer. ISBN: 9788417602659.

Knowledge/contents
- Con01: Know the most important concepts, methods and results of the different branches of Biotechnology.
- Con06: Know the fundamentals of cellular and tissue bioengineering, the therapeutic possibilities of regenerative medicine and its current limitations, both technical and ethical.

Skills
- H/D01: Think in an integrated way and approach problems from different perspectives with critical reasoning.
- H/D02: Search, process, analyze/interpret and synthesize relevant information and results from various sources and obtain conclusions on topics related to Biotechnology.
- H/D03: Organize and plan your work.
- H/D04: Interpret experimental results and identify consistent and inconsistent elements.
- H/D05: Work as a team.
- H/D06: Maintain an ethical commitment, as well as a commitment to equality and integration.
- H/D07: Initiative, entrepreneurial spirit and adaptation to new situations (resilience).
- H/D09: Know how to identify the different types of viruses, microorganisms and animal and plant tissues with application in the field of Biotechnology.
- H/D10: Know how to analyze data and interpret experimental results typical of the fields of Biotechnology.
- H/D12: Know how to apply instrumental techniques and work protocols in a laboratory, applying regulations and techniques related to safety and hygiene, waste management and quality.
- H/D13: Know how to obtain and interpret information from the main databases (biological, omics, bibliographic) and use bioinformatics tools.

Competencies
- Comp01: That students have the ability to gather and interpret relevant data (normally within their area of study) to make judgments that include reflection on relevant topics of a social, scientific or ethical nature.
- Comp02: That students are able, both in writing and orally, to debate and transmit information, ideas, problems and solutions related to Biotechnology to both a specialized and non-specialized/general audience.
- Comp03: That students have developed those learning skills necessary to undertake further studies with a high degree of autonomy.
- Comp04: That students know how to apply the theoretical-practical knowledge acquired in the degree in a professional manner and are competent in posing/solving problems, as well as in the elaboration/defense of arguments in both academic and professional contexts related to innovation and the biotechnology industry.
- Comp05: Study and learn autonomously, with organization of time and resources, new knowledge and techniques in Biotechnology and acquire the ability to work as a team.
- Comp08: Clearly appreciate the ethical, social, economic and environmental implications of the professional activity to be carried out, as well as know and apply biotechnological risk assessment criteria.

- Mandatory master lectures.
- Mandatory interactive seminar classes (seminar).
- Mandatory laboratory tasks.
- Mandatory tutorship.

- Students must pass an exam of contents explained in lectures that represent 58% of the final grade. Passing grade is 5 out of 10.
Evaluated skills: Con01, H/D01, H/D02, H/D03, H/D06, H/D07, H/D09, H/D13, Comp01, Comp02, Comp03, Comp04, Comp05, Comp08.
- Mandatory seminars will represent 20% of the final grade. In the seminars, contents of the last lecture of the program will be discussed and the students will have to answer questions.
Failure to attend the seminars will be considered. If the seminars are not done, the subject can not be passed.
Repeating students will not take the seminars if they already took them in previous years (the grade obtained is kept). Although repeating students will repeat the seminars if they consider it and can repeat the seminar exams if they want to increase or decrease their grade.
Evaluated skills: Con01, Con06, H/D01, H/D02, H/D03, H/D04, H/D06, H/D07, H/D10, H/D13, Comp01, Comp02, Comp03, Comp04, Comp05, Comp08.
- Mandatory laboratory tasks (minimum percentage of assistance required: 85%). Task exam must be taken and represent 15% of the final grade; passing grade is 5 out of 10.
If the tasks are not done, the subject can not be passed. Repeating students will not complete the lab tasks if they already completed them in previous years (the grade obtained is kept). Although repeating students will repeat the lab tasks if they consider it and can repeat the task exam if they want to increase or decrease their grade.
Evaluated skills: Con01, H/D01, H/D02, H/D03, H/D04, H/D06, H/D07, H/D09, H/D10, H/D12, Comp01, Comp02, Comp03, Comp04, Comp05, Comp08.
- Mandatory tutorship, class attendance and participation in Virtual Campus activities. Value: 7% of the final grade. More attendance and participation means a higher grade. Failure to attend the required tutorship will be considered in the final grade.
Evaluated skills: H/D03, H/D06, H/D07.
- Once the lecture exam and task exam are passed, the qualifications obtained in the seminar and attendance-participation will be added.

- Theory: 29 h classwork plus 52 h of individual work.
- Seminars: 7 h classwork plus 33 h of individual work.
- Mandatory tutorship: 1 h classwork.
- Laboratory tasks: 14 h classwork plus 19 h of individual work.
- Exams: 4 h.
- Total hours of classwork: 55 h.
- Total hours of individual work: 95 h.
- Total time: 150 hours.

- Class attendance and active participation in class work.
- It is advisible to study and revise every day the information provided in lectures, seminars and tasks, using the textbooks suggested by the lecturer.
- Study and weekly revision of information received during the entire week.
- Clarifying doubts with lecturers.
- For the final exam review all the information received during theoretical sessions.

This subject will have a virtual classroom on the Moodle platform available to students.

In cases of fraudulent completion of exercises or tests, the "Regulations for the evaluation of the academic performance of students and the review of grades" will be applied.